环境水质监测质量控制框架

回顾了环境监测机构的各项管理制度,分析了环境水质监测质量控制现状.从水质监测质量控制角度,提出了水质监测质量控制框架,对框架要素如人员素质、仪器设备管理要求、现场采样质量控制要点、实验室分析质量控制措施及其适用范围进行了阐述.     

唐钢薄板坯连铸机的铸坯质量分析

根据唐钢薄板坯连铸机的工艺特点,简要评价了该连铸机采用的一些关键技术对提高铸坯质量的作用.分析了连铸试车过程中出现的质量缺陷,并且采用原位分析和常规理化分析相结合的方法,对连铸薄板坯的质量进行了全面的描述.     

试析高等教育质量管理机制的构建——基于利益相关者的视角

作为一种战略管理方法和分析框架,利益相关者理论为高等教育质量管理提供了全新战略分析模式和运行机制.大学是典型的利益相关者组织,质量是高等教育各利益相关者利益的契合点.质量利益协调机制与质量管理责任分担机制是基于利益相关者的高等教育质量管理的基本运行机制.     

如何提升建筑施工企业会计信息质量

随着我国企业现代化制度改革的深入发展,建筑施工企业会计信息质量越来越受到社会各方面的重视.建筑会计信息质量的好坏决定了建筑行业经济信息的质量,进而影响整个建筑行业经济工作决策的质量.本文分析了建筑施工企业会计信息存在的质量问题及其成因,提出了提升建筑施工企业会计信息质量的有效途径.     

冶金设备安装项目质量控制分析

在冶金工程项目中,针对冶金设备安装项目中存在的质最问题,就如何通过质量控制来提高安装质量展开研究.通过数据调查分析,确定影响设备安装质量的主要因素和过程,并确定项目质量控制的两方面:对项目质馈影响凶素的控制进行了分析和研究;对项目关键过程的控制进行了分析和研究.总结以往冶金设备安装项月中出现的质量问题,确定出影响项目质量的因素和过程,并进行分析,找出各个因素和过程对质量影响的原因和程度,然后制定相应的控制措施.     

逆锑连续净化工艺稳定新液质量的生产实践

通过对三段逆锑连续净化除杂难易程度的分析,得出二段Ge、Co质量最难控制,导致新液质量波动甚至不合格.通过除杂机理的分析论证,提出了保持反应槽内微电池数量的观点.通过影响微电池数量的因素分析和生产硬件等改进升级,使新液质量得到了稳定,提升了技术经济指标.     

浅析建筑工程施工质量管理

分析了影响建筑工程施工质量的原因,提出了提高建筑工程施工质量的措施,以为保障建筑工程质量提供参考.     

论水利工程施工质量管理

分析了影响水利工程施工质量的原因,提出了提高水利工程施工质量的措施,以为保障水利工程质量提供参考.     

按美标生产出口H型钢的质量控制

介绍了马钢按美国标准生产出口H型钢的质量控制技术,分析了产品的实物质量水平,对质量改进作了探讨.     

工程项目前期工作质量管理

介绍了工程项目前期工作质量管理的重要性,分析了做好工程项目前期工作质量管理的要点.     

Sonoclot analysis

Assessment of perioperative bleeding disorders, especially those related to platelet dysfunction, remains a clinical challenge. The management of the bleeding patient in the operating theatre or on the postoperative ward is often empirical with little scientific basis. Much of the reason for this is that conventional clotting studies are not immediately available and there is a perceived urgency, particularly among trainee doctors, to treat bleeding disorders without first establishing the exact nature of the coagulopathy. SCT provides useful information on platelet function, particularly in patients after cardiopulmonary bypass, and has enabled practitioners to rationalize the management of bleeding disorders and not expose their patients to the risks of unnecessary transfusion of blood products. Undoubtedly further studies are required before this instrument can be used reliably in the clinical setting but it may prove to be a useful addition to the available techniques for monitoring perioperative bleeding disorders.     

Cost-utility analysis

Decisions have to be made about allocating health resources. Currently the best economic evaluation method for doing this is cost-utility analysis. This compares the costs of different procedures with their outcomes measured in "utility based" units--that is, units that relate to a person's level of wellbeing. The most commonly used unit is the quality adjusted life year (QALY). QALYs are calculated by estimating the total life years gained from a procedure and weighting each year to reflect the quality of life in that year. To compare outcomes of different programmes the Rosser index is one measure that is widely used to assign quality of life scores to patients. Combined with a measure of life years gained from a procedure, this enables QALYs to be calculated and procedures ranked according to cost per QALY gained. In this article Ray Robinson explains the measures used and discusses how QALY league tables can be used to guide decisions on resource allocation.     

Cost-effectiveness analysis

When different health care interventions are not expected to produce the same outcomes both the costs and the consequences of the options need to be assessed. This can be done by cost-effectiveness analysis, whereby the costs are compared with outcomes measured in natural units--for example, per life saved, per life year gained, and per pain or symptom free day. Many cost-effective analyses rely on existing published studies for effectiveness data as it is often too costly or time consuming to collect data on cost and effectiveness during a clinical trial. Where there is uncertainty about the costs and effectiveness of procedures sensitivity analysis can be used, which examines the sensitivity of the results to alternative assumptions about key variables. In this article Ray Robinson describes these methods of analysis and discusses possibilities for how the benefits of alternative interventions should be valued.     

一种新型稳定平台的运动学和工作空间分析

针对某些精密设备在运输过程中的颠簸、倾斜等问题,设计了一种采用液压缸驱动方式的水平稳定平台,并对该平台进行了结构、运动学分析,计算出了机构运动的自由度,建立了运动学数学模型,使用Matlab软件对机构进行了仿真计算,为伺服液压缸的设计计算提供了依据.通过对工作空间的分析,得出了稳定平台的工作空间范围.仿真结果表明,该稳定平台不存在干涉现象.     

Timing waveform analysis

PURPOSE: To determine the diagnostic yield of routine admission chest radiographs in patients with acute gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage and clinical predictors of radiographic abnormalities. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study was a retrospective series of 202 adult patients with GI hemorrhage admitted to intensive care units at an academic medical center. Routine admission chest radiographs were obtained in 161 patients. These radiographs were reviewed by a study radiologist blinded to the study purpose. The radiologist scored radiographic abnormalities into categories of "minor" or "major," "new" or "previously known," and "with an intervention" or "without an intervention." Nominal logistic regression explored the data for clinical features that identified patients with major new radiographic abnormalities with or without an intervention. RESULTS: Minor radiographic abnormalities were noted in 23 (14.3%) patients, of whom 17 (10.6%) patients had "new" (previously unknown) abnormalities. No minor abnormality prompted a therapeutic or diagnostic intervention. Major radiographic abnormalities were detected in 21 (13.0%) patients, of whom 19 (11.8%) had new findings. Major new findings prompted interventions in only 9 (5.6%) of patients. A history of lung disease and an abnormal lung physical examination predicted major new radiographic findings (P = 0.0001, sensitivity 79%, negative predictive value 96%). These variables also identified major new abnormalities that prompted interventions (P = 0.007, sensitivity 89%, negative predictive value 99%). Use of the logistic regression model to select patients for admission chest radiographs decreased charges from $1,068 to $580 for each detected major new radiographic abnormality and from $2,254 to $1,087 for major new radiographic abnormalities that prompted an intervention. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that routine chest radiographs have a low yield in detecting major new radiographic abnormalities in patients with acute GI hemorrhage. Clinical criteria, available at the time of admission, may be useful for selecting patients for chest radiographic evaluations.     

Theatre utilization analysis

A method of analysing operating theatre utilization is presented as a management information system applicable to medical administration.The operating theatre plant represents an item of considerable expenditure in a hospital budget. This aspect of hospital activity requires maximized utilization to ensure an appropriate cost benefit. Extraction of information in such a form provides a basis for exact comparisons of performance of the personnel involved and determining needs for additional resources.