关于建设上海循环经济示范基地的探讨

讨论了循环经济的涵义，为什么要建立循环经济和如何建立循环经济制度，对上海化工区建设循环经济示范区提出了一些建议。     

保护生态环境走循环经济之路

本文从保护环境出发阐述了循环经济是可持续发展的必由之路,并介绍了循环经济的内涵、原则和衡量循环经济的指标体系——绿色GDP,以及我国循环经济的发展模式。     

电镀企业与循环经济发展的矛盾分析及对策

叙述了循环经济及其分类、原则和目标,分析了制约电镀企业发展循环经济作用的因素,提出了提高电镀企业自身发展循环经济能力的措施;把环保管理纳入企业管理体系,用循环经济理念指导企业发展规划和战略的制定;努力建立发展循环经济的长效企业管理机制。     

循环经济的生态化学工程技术支撑

阐述了循环经济的工程科学内涵及循环经济的技术支撑体系,着重论述了生态化学工程对实施循环经济的技术支撑作用.     

绿色企业与循环经济发展

对循环经济的内涵进行了深层剖析,介绍了绿色企业循环经济的特征,指出从循环经济角度上来理解,企业要成为绿色企业要有技术支持、需要大量资金,最后提出了建立和完善绿色企业、发展循环经济的实现途径。     

循环经济在化工行业的实践与思考

简述了在化工行业实施循环经济的必要性。介绍了发达国家在化工行业实施循环经济的一些成果和经验,以及在我国化工行业开展循环经济的方法和措施。结合巨化实践简述上述方法的效果,提出了化工行业大力推行循环经济的观点。     

甘肃金昌市形成辅以氟化工配合的化工产业链

近日,甘肃省循环经济工作现场会在金昌市举行。在全省各地市、重点企业对发展循环经济相互交流经验的基础上,甘肃省省长徐守盛对全省循环经济下一步工作做了总体部署,适逢国家《循环经济促进法》颁布之际,甘肃被确定为全国循环经济试点省之时,该省在金昌市召开循环经济现场工作会议可谓意义深远。     

发展循环经济的国际经验与关键措施

介绍了循环经济的基本概念和评价原则,借鉴德国、日本、美国、丹麦发展循环经济的经验,提出我国发展循环经济的主要途径和促进循环经济发展的关键措施.结论认为,在我国发展循环经济是大势所趋,建立健全系统的政策法规体系是发展循环经济的基础性工作,尽快突破一批发展循环经济的关键技术至关重要,发展循环经济要从城市垃圾处理和工业三废综合利用入手,需要广大民众的积极参与.     

发展循环经济努力实现河南石油化学工业经济增长方式的转变

简单介绍了循环经济的发展、内涵、外延等,分析了石油化学工业发展循环经济的必要性和可操作性,提出推动发展河南省石油化学工业循环经济的思路。     

化工行业推行循环经济

综述了化工行业发展循环经济的重要性,分析了化工行业循环经济在国内外发展现状及我国当前所面对的挑战.在借鉴国外循环经济建设经验的基础上提出了相应的对策与措施.     

Stretching-induced deformation of polyacrylonitrile chains both in quasicrystals and in amorphous regions during the in situ thermal modification of fibers prior to oxidative stabilization

In situ thermal stretching to modify the conformation of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) chains in quasicrystals and amorphous regions is carried out on PAN copolymer fibers prior to oxidative stabilization. Meanwhile, a model to evaluate the deformation of PAN quasicrystals and amorphous regions is proposed, in which deformation behavior (orientation or extension) and type (elastic or plastic) in the two regions are analyzed. PAN chains exhibit various deformations as a consequence of combined thermal treatment and mechanical stretching. The orientation of PAN chains occurs prior to their extension when the stretching ratio is under 1.06, however, no significant orientation but extension is observed when the deformation ratio ranges from 1.08 to 1.16. As the stretching ratio increases, elastic-dominated orientation of PAN chains is stronger in quasicrystals before 1.03 and is prominent in amorphous regions between 1.04 and 1.08. The mechanical properties of the resulting carbon fibers strongly depend on the orientation degree of PAN chains in amorphous regions.     

Determination of molecular orientation using molecular dynamics for polymer melt flows in circular ducts

Molecular dynamic simulations have been used to develop a mathematical model to investigate the extension of the polymer chains and the polymer chain orientations in the circular duct flows. The effects of pressure loss and molecular weight are also investigated on the polymer chain orientation. The model's outputs indicate that with increasing pressure loss and subsequently the shear stress at wall, the trace of the conformation tensor increases. This is interpreted as an increase in the extension of polymer chains and the polymer chain orientation in the flow direction. The model also predicts that the increase of the molecular weight of polymer results in decrease of the trace of the conformation tensor and the extension of the polymer chains. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:1196–1202, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Morphological changes during oriented polymer crystallization

A theory of the stress-induced crystallization of polymeric networks is presented which takes into account 1) the free energy of fusion, 2) crystal surface energies and 3) entropic changes in the amorphous sections of crystallizing chains. It is assumed that the vector running from one end to the other of the crystallite is oriented in the direction of network extension, irrespective of crystal morphology, thus minimizing the free energy of crystallization. Assuming that the network assumes the crystal morphology which minimizes the free energy of the network at a given degree of crystallinity and that the crystallization proceeds along this lowest free energy path, it is predicted for simple network extension that growth of a perfectly oriented extended-chain crystal occurs initially, changing to a one-fold crystal oriented perpendicular to extension at low extension and to a two-fold crystal having nearly perfect orientation at High extension. The stress is predicted to decay initially and then to rise as the network chains switch from an extended-to a folded-chain morphology. Spatial factors which may trap chains in the ex tended-chain morphology or prematurely stopping the crystallization process can result in a mixed crystal morphology. At high extension, the structure is similar to that of the shish kebab.     

裂解气压缩机组汽轮机的扩容改造

以抚顺乙烯化工有限公司裂解气压缩机驱动用汽轮机扩容改造成功的实例，介绍了工业汽轮机扩容改造的方案、计算分析及投用效果，这对乙烯厂工业汽轮机的扩容改造有重要的参考意义。     

Molecular degradation of concentrated polystyrene solutions in a fast transient extensional flow

The extensional degradation of concentrated polymer solutions is studied. Extensional flows are prevalent in the polymer processing industry, but their effect on polymer degradation is often overlooked. Previous research into dilute solution extensional degradation proved that this type of flow is much more effective than shear flow in causing chain scission. This research extends these dilute solution studies into the concentrated regime, where intermolecular entanglements are expected to affect chain scission. A concentrated polystyrene solution is degraded in an opposed pistons device. This device cycles the solution across a sharp contraction, imposing a strong extensional flow. The flow field is modeled to determine the extension rate along the centerline, and the degradation is quantified by measuring the zero shear viscosity and the molecular weight distribution. The results show that degradation is more significant compared to dilute solutions. The zero shear viscosity drops 30% after a single pass across the orifice at high strain rates. As in a dilute solution, the extensional flow leads to preferential cleavage of the high molecular weight chains. All chains longer than a measured critical molecular weight are ruptured. Multiple passes across the orifice increase chain scission, although degradation is the most significant in the first pass through the high strain rate region.     

Effect of network structure on the stress-strain behaviour of endlinked PDMS elastomers

Endlinked poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) networks synthesized from telechelic precursor chains of different molar mass were prepared with varying volume fractions of non-reactive chains acting as solvent. Uniaxial extension and compression measurements were performed on these networks to investigate their stress-strain behaviour. The effect of the network structure and of solvent on the stress-strain behaviour is examined by controlling the extent of crosslinks and entanglements during the network synthesis. The master curve of the Rubinstein and Panyukov non-affine slip-tube (NAST) model provide an adequate fit to most of the extension and compression data. Furthermore, the crosslink and entanglement parameters of the NAST model (G_c and G_e) are found to be in general in reasonable agreement with the 2C₁ and 2C₂ parameters of the Mooney-Rivlin continuum model applied to the extension data. For high molar mass precursor chains, the entanglement contribution to the modulus surpasses the crosslink contribution.     

Chemical reactions at lipid-gas interfaces: I. Terminal chain elongation of fatty acids

Reactions of free methyl radicals and monolayers of potassium palmitate and of potassiumn-heptadecanoate on an aqueous surface yielded straight chain saturated fatty acids containing longer hydrocarbon chains than those of the reactant acids. Similar results were obtained from the reactions of free ethyl radicals and potassium palmitate under similar conditions. The results of this investigation indicate that extension of hydrocarbon chains by free radical addition reactions can be achieved if the growing chains are suitably packed in a monolayer on a surface.     

Change of molecular aggregation state in amorphous region with uniaxial extension of preoriented polypropylene

Preoriented isotactic polypropylene was uniaxially drawn at various testing directions and testing temperatures. Change of the molecular aggregation state in amorphous region with extension was elucidated by measurements of melting temperature, enthalpy of fusion, and birefringence at each stage of extension. Melting temperature depends on both crystallite thickness and orientation function of amorphous chains. It is assumed that the enthalpy change of amorphous region takes place when oriented amorphous chains are transformed into random state by heating. The ratio of the enthalpy change of amorphous region in the sample after extension to that in the sample before extension monotonously increased with increasing orientation function of amorphous chains, f_a, independent of testing direction and testing temperature. Increase of true stress with drawing led to increase of f_a. Increase of f_a with extension depended on the testing angle θ between the testing direction and the direction of the crystal c-axis of the preoriented sample, and f_a most remarkably increased in extension at θ = 45°.     

Chain Extension of Oligoamide or Polyamide in an Extruder

Polycondensates with too short chains can be chain‐extended with repair molecules. In this report, the molecular weight and, thereby, the melt viscosity of polyamides is enhanced in the extruder by two chemically very different types of repair molecules. Firstly, the chains were extended linearly with a bisoxaline which is a well‐known strategy. Secondly, polyamide chains were bundled by grafting onto a functionalized backbone chain, i. e., maleinated polystyrene (SMA). This less known route leads to branched rather than linear chain extension. Despite the fact that the melts of branched chains are less viscous than those of linear chains, at the same molecular weight, the viscosity of polyamides was markedly increased by grafting onto SMA. Grafting of oligoamide and polyamide chains was studied, as well as grafting of the monomer of the polyamide in combination with its polycondensation.     

Chemorheological study of vulcanized rubbers under mechanical stress

At lower than the glass transition temperature, the cleavage of the molecular chains of extended vulcanized rubbers will occur. The crosslinking density of vulcanized rubbers, which were placed at room temperature for about 4 hr in nitrogen atmosphere, increased about 17% after extension of 200% at ?76°C. This may be due to the recombination of cleft chains, and this can be shown by the Maxwellian type of curves between crosslinking density and forced strain. Considering the decreasing proportion of crosslinking density by the radical acceptors included in the rubbers and the fact that crosslinking density increases because of recombination of cleft chains, this was attributed to the recombination of unstable chains produced by the added mechanical stimulus.