水性共价连接型聚苯胺/碳纳米管复合材料的制备及电学性能

首先将改性碳纳米管经原位聚合制备得到了共价连接型聚苯胺/碳纳米管复合物;然后,通过水性掺杂的方法,获得水溶性、导电性优良的聚苯胺/碳纳米管复合材料。透射电子显微镜表明,聚苯胺/碳纳米管复合物的尺寸比纯碳纳米管明显增加;通过UV-vis光谱证实了CNT和PANI之间存在着强烈的相互作用。复合材料的电导率高达4.8×10~(-3)S/cm,比纯聚苯胺的电导率提高了一倍,并显示出优良的水溶性。     

原位聚合法制备石墨/聚苯胺复合材料

利用原位聚合法制备了细鳞片膨胀石墨/聚苯胺导电复合材料。通过实验,找到了膨胀石墨的掺杂量、氧化剂滴加速度、反应时间及反应体系pH值对电导率影响规律。最佳实验条件为:石墨掺杂40%,pH值为1,反应时间50min,氧化剂的滴加速度4mL/min。此条件制得的复合物电导率为40S/cm。证明石墨与聚苯胺复合可得电导较好的复合材料。     

煤/聚苯胺导电复合材料导电性能的研究

研究了在位聚合方法制得煤 /聚苯胺导电复合材料过程中引发剂量、质子酸浓度、聚合时间、聚合温度及煤样类型对该复合材料导电性的影响 ,结果发现 :所选煤样中 ,SF煤参与制得的煤 /聚苯胺复合材料电阻率降低最多 ,近十个数量级 .通过控制制备条件 ,可制得电阻率最低为 3.66Ω· cm的煤 /聚苯胺导电复合材料 .和纯聚苯胺相比 ,电导率下降不大 ,原料成本却下降 41 .2 % ,而且其最佳聚合温度易于控制 ,这为煤 /聚苯胺复合材料产业化提供了可能     

聚苯胺包覆玻璃鳞片复合物的制备与表征

采用化学聚合和乳液聚合两种方法制备聚苯胺包覆玻璃鳞片复合物。通过XRD、红外光谱、SEM、表面接触角测试、电导率测试、EIS等手段对复合材料的结构、形貌和性能进行了表征。结果表明:不同方法制备的聚苯胺包覆玻璃鳞片复合材料在结构、微观形貌和电导率上有较大差别,其中乳液法制备的复合材料,聚苯胺在玻璃鳞片载体上能够生长成较长的纤维,具有较高的结晶度,电导率高达2.281 S/cm。最后以之为导电填料,制备环氧防腐导电涂料,经研究表明其具有优异的导静电、防腐性能和机械性能。     

原位乳液聚合聚苯胺/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯复合物及其表征

以DBSA为乳化剂和掺杂剂,在水介质中采用原位乳液聚合法制备出了聚苯胺/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PANI/PMMA)复合物。采用扫描电镜、红外光谱分析、紫外光谱分析、热失重分析、X射线光电子能谱分析对PANI/PMMA复合物进行了表征。结果表明:复合物产物粒径在80～120nm;电导率可达到10-2S/cm,接近于乳液聚合得到的DBSA掺杂态PANI;乳化剂DBSA以掺杂剂和稳定剂两种状态存在于复合物中。     

聚苯胺/钡铁氧体的制备及性能研究

分别采用柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法和原位聚合法制备了钡铁氧体粒子和聚苯胺-钡铁氧体复合物。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、四探针测试仪等分析手段表征了复合材料的结构,观察了其形貌,测试了其性能。结果表明,钡铁氧体粒子为M型六角晶系片状晶相结构,粒径在10μm～50μm。聚苯胺/钡铁氧体复合材料的电导率随钡铁氧体含量的增加而下降,当BaFe12O19质量分数增加到10%时,电导率从8.85×10-2S/cm急剧下降到2.98×10-2S/cm。而后,随着钡铁氧体含量的增加,电导率变化不大。     

电化学法制备的聚苯胺/石墨烯复合材料的微结构及性能研究

采用电化学方法制备出聚苯胺/石墨烯复合材料,并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)对氧化石墨烯、聚苯胺和聚苯胺/石墨烯复合材料的结构进行表征。结果表明,聚苯胺纳米颗粒均匀分布在石墨烯片层间。聚苯胺/石墨烯复合材料的比电容最大为238 F/g。循环1 000次以后,聚苯胺的电容衰减24. 5%,而复合材料的电容衰减15%。与聚苯胺相比,聚苯胺/石墨烯复合材料的电容量高、循环稳定性好,电导率从5 S/cm提高到10 S/cm。     

电化学合成聚苯胺-天然石墨复合材料工艺研究

通过单因素实验确定电化学合成聚苯胺-天然石墨复合材料工艺范围和操作条件,苯胺浓度为2.5 mol/L,硫酸浓度为3.0~5.0 mol/L,石墨质量浓度为0.5~1.0 g/L,聚合电流密度为0.16~0.18 A/dm2,t为3~5 min。并对复合膜层与本征态聚苯胺进行电导率测试,扫描电子显微镜观察和光谱仪红外表征。结果表明:聚苯胺-石墨复合材料的导电率有所提高,石墨掺杂到聚苯胺膜层中,改善了复合材料的性能。     

对负离子对氧化石墨烯/聚苯胺电磁性能的影响

以过硫酸铵为引发剂,控制掺杂质子浓度为1 mol/L,分别以Cl–、CSA–(樟脑磺酸根)和SO42–为对负离子,通过原位化学氧化聚合法制备得到掺杂态氧化石墨烯/聚苯胺复合材料.采用SEM、FTIR和XRD对复合材料进行形貌和结构表征,采用四探针法、矢量网络分析仪分别测试复合材料的电磁参数,并计算材料的阻抗和反射损耗(RL).结果表明,3种复合材料均呈现聚苯胺纳米椎体包覆氧化石墨烯片层的三明治形貌.对负离子为SO42–时,复合物的电导率最高为5.500 S/cm,同时介电损耗能力最强.而樟脑磺酸掺杂复合物的驻波比在14.2 GHz处可达到1.1,更接近行波状态,具有最佳阻抗匹配性能.其最佳反射损耗为–30 dB(9.93 GHz,2.75 mm),有效吸波频宽(RL<–10 dB的频率范围)最高可至4.85 GHz(12.30～17.15 GHz,2 mm).     

聚苯胺-镧的制备与表征

采用化学氧化法,以苯胺为单体,过硫酸铵为氧化剂,在不同La3+ 浓度下于酸性介质中合成了聚苯胺-镧。研究了La3+ 浓度对产物电导率的影响,并通过红外光谱、紫外可见光谱和X射线衍射谱等研究了La3+ 浓度对聚苯胺结构的影响。结果表明,当溶液中La3+ 浓度为0.3 mol/L时,所得聚苯胺-镧具有较高的室温电导率;紫外和红外光谱表明,La3+ 与聚苯胺链上的N原子存在相互作用。     

Polyaniline/polypropylene film composites with high electric conductivity and good mechanical properties

Polyaniline/polypropylene composites were prepared by oxidative polymerization of aniline in biaxially stretched polypropylene microporous films with ammonium persulfate as the oxidant. A continuous permeation/diffusion polymerization process was used in order to incorporate more polyaniline in the composite. The influence of reaction time and temperature and the concentration of monomer and oxidant aqueous solutions on the electric conductivity of the composites was investigated. The composites may exhibit a loose particulate surface morphology and a compact surface with a ring-shaped structure. The content and distribution of polyaniline in the composite and, hence, its electric conductivity and surface properties can be controlled over a wide range. Composites with the combination of high electric conductivity and good mechanical properties can be obtained under proper conditions. The composite films were flexible and strong enough and have electric conductivity as high as 5–6 S/cm. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Synthesis of graphite nanosheets/polyaniline nanorods composites with ultrasonic and conductivity

The graphite nanosheets/polyaniline (GN/PANI) nanorods composites were fabricated via ultrasonic polymerization of aniline monomer in the presence of GN, which was used as electric filling. The kind of doped acids, the concentration, and the contents of the GN were used as impact factors to the conductivity of the materials that were investigated. The structure of nanocomposites were characterized by FTIR and SEM. The results show that ultrasonic can effectively restrain the agglomerate of the aniline and come to uniformity nanorods composites. The conductivity reached to 4.8 S/cm and 22 S/cm, respectively. The thermal stability of GN/PANI nanorods composites is superior to pure PANI as shown by TG analysis. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Microstructure,thermal and electrical properties of polyaniline/phenolic composite aerogel

Phenolic aerogel was first fabricated by sol–gel polymerization and freeze-drying method. Then, it was soaked into aniline solvent for 1 day. Ultimately, polyaniline/phenolic (PANI/RF) composite aerogel was obtained after the aniline molecules inside the phenolic aerogel were polymerized into polyaniline. The microstructure, thermal and electrical properties of the composites were investigated. The experimental results showed that polyaniline wires adhere to the surface of the micro holes skeleton which can be observed from the SEM images. Thus, polyaniline wires will form much smaller network inside the RF network, exhibiting an interpenetrating 3D network structure. In addition, compared with RF aerogel, PNAI/RF aerogel had maintained the thermal performance well, which showed mildly decline in heat-resistance and increase in heat conductivity, respectively. What’s more, it exhibited superior electrical performance (good specific capacitance) as compared with that of RF aerogel which is non-conducting, In general, PANI/RF aerogel with low heat conductivity (0.021 W/mK), high electrical conductivity (0.12 S/cm) and specific capacitance (280 F/g) exhibited more excellent comprehensive performance than single RF aerogel.     

Synthesis of highly conducting nylon-6 composites and their electrical properties

Highly conducting nylon-6 composites are synthesized by exposing nylon-6 films or fabrics impregnated with an oxidizing agent, cupric chloride, simultaneously to aniline and hydrochloric acid vapors. The conductivity of composite films reaches up to 10^?2 S/cm and can be controlled by varying the experimental conditions for the composite synthesis. The effects of the concentration of cupric chloride, exposure time to aniline and hydrochloric acid vapors, and concentration of hydrochloric acid to the polyaniline content and the conductivity of nylon-6/polyaniline composites are analyzed by means of statistical F test. The morphology change of composite films resulting from the synthesis conditions, conductivity in relation to the morphology, and stability of conductivity to ambient air exposure have been investigated.     

Electrically conductive polyaniline/poly(butadiene-co-styrene-co-2-vinylpyridine) latex composites

A series of conducting polyaniline/poly(butadiene-co-styrene-co-2-vinylpyridine) (PBSP) latex composites was prepared by polymerization of aniline in the presence of PBSP latex. The mass loading of polyaniline in the composite latex can be controlled by varying the PBSP latex/aniline charging ratio and oxidant/aniline molar ratio. The composites were characterized by elemental analysis, transmission electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The effects of the concentration of the reactants on the conductivity at room temperature and the mechanical properties of the composite films formed from the latices were studied.     

十二烷基苯磺酸掺杂聚苯胺的性能研究

用十二烷基苯磺酸 (DBSA)对本征态聚苯胺 (PAn)进行掺杂 ,得到溶解性、成膜性和光电性能俱佳的掺杂态聚苯胺。红外光谱研究表明 :DBSA掺杂PAn的吸收峰都向低频方向移动。探讨DBSA浓度、掺杂温度和时间以及洗涤滤液pH值对聚苯胺电导率的影响。结果表明 :当c(DBSA) =1 0mol/L ,T =32 3K ,t=8h ,洗涤滤液 pH =3时 ,聚苯胺的电导率为 0 90 9S/cm。紫外 -可见吸收光谱表明 ,掺杂态聚苯胺的吸收峰变宽而且发生红移。X射线衍射在 2θ =8 86°,1 7 7° ,2 1 4°和 2 6 7°处出现 4个较强的低角度衍射峰 ,表明DBSA掺杂的聚苯胺具有较强的结晶性能。     

Preparation of polyaniline and studying its electrical conductivity

Polyaniline was prepared by chemical methods. Its electrical conductivity was measured. The electrical conductivity of polyaniline salt and polyaniline base were compared with composites prepared by the hot press of polyaniline base with KBr, Co(CH₃COO)₂, and picric acid. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 1658–1665, 2000     

Preparation of conductive polyaniline/nanosilica particle composites through ultrasonic irradiation

Polyaniline/nano‐SiO₂ particle composites were prepared through ultrasonic irradiation. Polymerization of aniline was conducted under ultrasonic irradiation in the presence of two types of nano‐SiO₂: porous nanosilica and spherical nanosilica. The stability of the colloid dispersion, UV–vis spectra, composition, interaction, conductivity, and other characteristics of the composites were examined. It was found that the aggregation of nano‐SiO₂ could be reduced under ultrasonic irradiation and that nanoparticles were redispersed in the aqueous solution. The formed polyaniline deposited on the surface of the nanoparticle, which led to a core–shell structure. Two particle morphologies, threadlike aggregates with a few spherical nanoparticles for porous nanosilica and spherical particles with a few sandwichlike particles for spherical nanosilica, were observed. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that for two types of composites the ratio of Si atoms to N atoms (Si:N) on the surface was much higher than that in the bulk. The UV–vis spectra of the diluted colloid dispersion of polyaniline/nano‐SiO₂ composite particles were similar to those of the polyaniline system. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy suggested strong interaction between polyaniline and nano‐SiO₂. The conductivity of the polyaniline/porous nanosilica (23.1 wt % polyaniline) and polyaniline/spherical nanosilica (20.6 wt % polyaniline) composites was 2.9 and 0.2 S/cm, respectively. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 1811–1817, 2003     

聚苯胺及其导电阻燃涤纶的制备

采用氧化聚合的方法合成聚苯胺,并考察了不同温度下聚苯胺的产率和电导率,探讨了阻燃涤纶碱减量处理条件,用原位聚合的方法制备聚苯胺/阻燃涤纶导电纤维。结果表明,在-20℃下合成的聚苯胺产率较高为84%,电导率为124 S/cm。阻燃涤纶碱减量处理的适宜条件为:温度80℃,碱浓度为5%,处理时间15-20 min,低温下制备的聚苯胺/阻燃涤纶失重为2.50%-5.25%时,纤维的电导率提高得较快,为0.07-0.13 S/cm。