自适应MCM的波动性指标收敛趋势分析

分析了自适应蒙特卡洛法(Mote Carlo method,MCM)评定测量不确定度时的规律,将其应用于实践领域。首先介绍了MCM基本原理和自适应MCM评定的具体流程、步骤及程序实现;然后根据自适应MCM需进行稳定性判定等特性,提出了自适应MCM波动性指标的概念;最后通过具有代表性的线性模型(铂电阻气温传感器测量误差值的关系模型)和非线性模型(电阻-温度关系模型)的仿真试验,得出自适应MCM波动性指标收敛趋势的一般性规律。最终为自适应MCM在评定测量不确定度时提供了一定的技术参考。     

双电层电容器用中孔炭微球/活性炭复合电极的制备

采用水热法合成比表面积1850m2/g、粒径lμm的中孔炭微球(MCM);而后将所制MCM加入比表面积为3200m2/g的超级活性炭(HSAC)中制成用于双电层电容器的复合电极材料,并研究了该复合电极材料的电化学性能.结果表明:在比表面积为3200m2/g的HSAC中添加质量分数20%的MCM后,其颗粒接触内阻、离子扩散内阻明显降低;在6mol/L的KOH电解液体系中,在12A/g的电流密度下,其比电容仍能稳定在230F/g.而在同样的条件下,纯HSAC和纯MCM的比电容仅分别为190F/g和148F/g.复合电极在大电流下电化学性能的提高应归因于MCM合适的粒径、中孔结构及其较高的比表面积.     

磁性壳聚糖微球的改性研究进展及其在水处理中的应用

磁性壳聚糖微球(Magnetic chitosan microsphere,MCM)是一种新型吸附材料,具有独特的磁响应特性和良好的吸附性能,以其突出的环保和可控性在生物医学、食品工程和污水处理等许多领域受到高度重视。传统方法制备的MCM存在纳米粒子易溶于酸性溶液、应用范围窄等问题,因此研究者们在其优化改性方面展开了大量工作。本文从磁性纳米粒子改性和壳聚糖改性两个方面详细综述了优化MCM的研究进展,包括磁性纳米粒子的修饰与替换,壳聚糖分子印迹改性、接枝改性、金属螯合改性、烷基化改性等方法。总结了改性后MCM对废水中重金属离子、印染废料中阴阳离子染料的吸附情况和去除效果。最后讨论了改性MCM面临的问题与挑战,展望了其未来发展趋势,提出了进一步提高改性MCM应用效率的方法和设想。     

多孔型氧化铝薄膜在高密度封装中的应用及性能

利用铝阳极氧化方法对微晶玻璃基板上的多层铝膜进行选择性氧化,制备了4层布线的高密度MCM—D基板,对氧化得到的多孔型氧化铝介质膜的绝缘及介电性能进行了研究。实验结果表明：多层布线铝与氧化铝结合性好,层间和同层多孔氧化铝绝缘电阻分别达到10^9Ω和10^11Ω以上;多孔型氧化铝的相对介电常数和损耗分别为5．73和0．022（1MHz）;导带、互连通孔与绝缘层所形成的层间通孔互连结构共面性好,具有良好的电互连性能。多孔型氧化铝介质膜适用于制备高密度MCM—D基板。     

配合物[Mn(phen)2]2+修饰的MCM-41的合成与表征

分别以γ－氨丙基和甲基丙烯酸丙酯基修饰介孔分子筛MCG－41内孔壁,将引入的有机官能团与金属配位离子[Mn(phen)2Cl]^ 通过配位键成键首次合成了锰（II）配位化合物修饰的MCM－41（MCM－ap-Nm(phen)2,MCM-Mn(phen)2)。通过XRD,FTIR,77K氮气吸附－脱附,UV－VIS漫反射光谱和Mn^2 电子顺磁共振谱（ESR）表征了复合物MCM－ap-Mn(phen)2和MCM－mp-Mn(phen)2,由于有机基团对MCM－41孔壁的修饰,使复合物的结晶度降低,增加的有机基团和配合物使红外光谱有所改变,BET比表面积,孔空和最可几孔径均下降,γ－氨丙基或甲基丙烯酸丙酯基与Mn^2 的配位而使其UV－VIS漫反射吸收光谱的在短波长的吸收加强,室温下Mn2 电子顺磁共振表明Mn(II)配位环境几乎没有变化。γγ     

多元复合改性剂对废旧高密度聚乙烯性能的影响

通过共混挤出的方法制备了多元复合改性剂(MCM),并将其用于改性废旧高密度聚乙烯(WHDPE),分析了MCM添加量对WHDPE复合体系性能的影响。研究结果表明:随着MCM添加量的增加,复合体系的冲击强度明显增大,拉伸和弯曲强度却逐渐减小,当ωMCM10%后,复合体系的冲击强度提升的幅度及拉伸、弯曲强度下降的幅度均有所减小;随着MCM添加量的增加,复合体系的熔融指数总体呈减小趋势,但对其熔融、结晶行为以及热稳定性能没有造成明显的影响;随着MCM添加量的增加,复合体系的冲击断面出现了明显的韧性断裂特征,但当ωMCM10%后,断面出现团聚现象且韧性断裂特征逐渐消失。     

B2O3/MCM-41的制备和结构表征

以硼酸三丁酯为硼源，用溶液液相移植的方法制备了B2O3／MCM—41材料，用DTA、XRD、FTIR、XPS和氮气吸附—脱附曲线等手段表征了合成的材料。结果表明：硼物种发生析晶，以B2O3的形式存在，硼的配位状态为三配位的BO3结构单元。     

莫来石导热系数的测量不确定度评定及验证

使用防护热板法测定莫来石试样在各温度下的导热系数,分析了测量不确定度的来源、并根据ISO/IEC 98-3:2008中的基本方法(GUM法)计算了各标准不确定度分量、合成标准不确定度及扩展不确定度,并确定了各分量的影响大小,最后采用蒙特卡洛法(MCM)对测量不确定度的评定结果进行了比较验证。结果表明:在150~500℃莫来石导热系数测定结果的相对扩展不确定度(k=2)小于4%;板平面内温度分布均匀性在各影响因素中占据主导地位,对导热系数测定结果的影响最大;150℃时的评定结果通过MCM验证,可用GUM法来评定莫来石导热系数的测量不确定度。     

铜型抗菌沸石的合成(英文)

用液相、固相离子交换法将沸石与具有抗菌性能的铜离子合成抗菌沸石。用正交法确定了两种方法的较佳条件 ,并进行了比较。液相、固相离子交换法合成铜型抗菌沸石的较佳条件为硫酸铜浓度为 0 .1mol·L- 1 ,硫酸铜用量为 0 .0 2mol;温度分别为 60℃和 5 5 0℃ ,反应时间分别为 4h和 1h。尝试利用微波加热法合成抗菌沸石。微波加热合成抗菌沸石可以减少反应时间和节约能源     

MoO3在介孔分子筛MCM-41上分散和存在状态的研究

在773K加热MoO3和MCM－41的机械混合物，可以实现MoO3分散在介孔分子筛MCM－41表面，用透射电镜和选区电子衍射，配合XRD和液氮温度下氮吸附－脱附曲线和BJH孔径分布，研究了活性组分MoO3在有序介 材料MCM－41上的存在状态，以及MoO3分散到MCM－41表面后MCM－41的结构变化情况。结果表明：当MoO3的含量小于单层分散阈值，加热后MoO3的XRD衍射峰彻底消失，用HRTEM观察不到分散在MCM－41表面或孔道中的MoO3颗粒，而EDS能谱证明在MCM－41的孔道中有呈分散态的MoO3存在。MoO3的含量大于单层分散阈值，通过加热不能使MoO3完全分散在MCM－41表面，而且XRD、HRTEM、氮吸附－脱附等温线和孔径分布都表明由于MoO3的分散量较大，载体MCM－41的有序介孔结构遭到破坏。     

染料敏化太阳电池新型介孔碳对电极的制备及性能研究

以三嵌段共聚物F127为模板剂制备介孔碳,并用N2吸附和透射电子显微镜对介孔碳样品进行分析.所制备介孔碳材料的孔呈无序蠕虫状,平均孔径为6.8nm,比表面积为400m2/g.用介孔碳作为I(-)/I(-)3氧化还原反应的催化剂制备染料敏化太阳电池对电极,用电化学阻抗谱对介孔碳电极的催化活性进行了分析.介孔碳电极对I(-...     

简易合成不同孔径尺寸的半石墨化有序介孔炭

以SBA-15介孔硅为模板,硼酸为扩孔剂,调控合成出不同孔径尺寸的半石墨化有序介孔炭.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、氮气吸附、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重(TG),以及拉曼(Raman)光谱等手段对样品的成分、结构和形貌进行了分析.结果表明:通过合成过程添加硼酸的方法可以实现对介孔炭材料的孔径在3nm～7nm范围内精确调控,而且合成的介孔炭材料具有半石墨化的墙壁结构.该方法简单易行,对介孔炭材料的孔结构调控合成具有很好的应用价值.     

Synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline mesoporous zirconia using supercritical drying

Synthesis of nano-crystalline zirconia aerogel was done by sol-gel technique and supercritical drying using n-propanol solvent at and above supercritical temperature (235-280 degrees C) and pressure (48-52 bar) of n-propanol. Zirconia xerogel samples have also been prepared by conventional thermal drying method to compare with the super critically dried samples. Crystalline phase, crystallite size, surface area, pore volume, and pore size distribution were determined for all the samples in detail to understand the effect of gel drying methods on these properties. Supercritical drying of zirconia gel was observed to give thermally stable, nano-crystalline, tetragonal zirconia aerogels having high specific surface area and porosity with narrow and uniform pore size distribution as compared to thermally dried zirconia. With supercritical drying, zirconia samples show the formation of only mesopores whereas in thermally dried samples, substantial amount of micropores are observed along with mesopores. The samples prepared using supercritical drying yield nano-crystalline zirconia with smaller crystallite size (4-6 nm) as compared to higher crystallite size (13-20 nm) observed with thermally dried zirconia.     

单分散纳米介孔二氧化硅的制备

在温和碱性条件下,以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为模板剂,正硅酸乙酯为硅源,三嵌段共聚物F127为助剂,制备出粒径为60～80 nm的单分散纳米介孔二氧化硅MCM-41.研究了F127的用量对介孔结构和纳米粒子分散性的影响.结果表明,适量的非离子表面活性剂F127具有助模板剂的作用,可以有效地提高纳米介孔粉体的有序性;过量的F127阻碍六方介孔相的形成,降低样品的有序性.F127与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵的摩尔比在0.04～0.08范围内,可以得到有序性好、孔径均一和孔隙率大的单分散纳米介孔二氧化硅MCM-41.     

High thermal stability thick wall mesoporous titania thin films

Mesoporous TiO₂ thin films were prepared by using tetrabutyl titanate as the inorganic precursor and triblock copolymer (Pluronic F127) as the structure directing agent. The obtained mesostructured TiO₂ thin film exhibits a high thermal stability, which can sustain 600 °C thermal treatment. The small angle XRD and wide angle XRD patterns indicate that the samples have mesoporous channel and are composed of anatase. The corresponding TEM images show that the homogeneous mesostructure and very thick pore walls (about 9–13 nm) are formed in the obtained thin films, which could be responsible for the high thermal stability of the framework. In addition, the samples have narrow pore diameter distribution and a mean pore size of 7.4 nm.     

Preparation of monodispersed mesoporous silica spheres with tunable pore size and pore-size effects on adsorption of Au nanoparticles and urease

Monodispersed mesoporous silica spheres (MMSS) with controllable porosity and pore size were successfully prepared by calcination method in the presence of complex salts. The effect of calcination temperature on the pore size of MMSS was examined. The results show that the pore size of MMSS samples can be tuned in the range from 3.20 to 46.80 nm by varying the calcination temperature. It is worth mentioning that the pore size of MMSS can be controlled on a much larger scale by this method compared to the templating approach, by which the pore size can only be expanded up to 10 nm. It is very advantageous for the application in loading enzymes. Moreover, it could be found that the method is feasible, effective and simple. In addition, the use of various MMSS samples as adsorbents for Au nanoparticles of different sizes as well as urease has also been demonstrated. It was confirmed that MMSS with adequate surface charge and optimum matching pore size showed excellent adsorption properties for Au nanoparticles and urease.     

水热法合成介孔氧化硅材料的结构及表面特性

以十六烷基三甲基溴化氨 (CTMABr)为模板剂 ,利用碱性水热法制备了介孔氧化硅材料 ,并采用小角度XRD、HRTEM、BET和FT IR等测试手段研究了其孔的结构、表面N2 吸附特性和孔径分布情况。结果表明 :碱性水热法制得的介孔氧化硅材料具有规则的六方结构 ,介孔的最可几半径为 1 9mm ,比表面积为 5 42 8m2 / g ,孔容为 0 4 5 6cm3/ g。     

Investigation of inner surface of silicon microchannels fabricated by electrochemical method

Various silicon-based microchannels with different internal surface morphologies were investigated to improve the growth of carbon nanotubes on the inner surface of the pore wall. The morphology of the samples prepared under different conditions was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Parameters such as concentration of hydrofluoric acid, potential, current density, temperature and so on were found to affect the inner surface of the pore wall. Experiments showed that certain etchant concentration, current density and temperature were important to the fabrication of samples with the regular structure and good morphology. By considering these factors, samples with the proper internal pore surface could be fabricated. Nickel was adopted as the metallic catalyst during electroless deposition onto the surface of the pore wall and bottom. The nickel/silicon microchannels were characterized and found to be suitable for the fabrication of carbon nanotubes by thermal chemical vapor deposition.     

表面活性剂对纳米MCM-41分子筛分散性的影响

采用聚乙二醇为分散剂,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为模板剂,正硅酸乙酯为硅源,在室温碱性条件下合成了粒径为40～60 nm的单分散纳米球形MCM-41分子筛.利用XRD、TEM和N2吸附脱附等手段研究了聚乙二醇用量对纳米球形MCM-41的分散性和介孔结构的影响.结果表明,表面活性剂PEG的加入,可以明显改善纳米颗粒的分散性并且对颗粒形貌影响不大;表面活性剂PEG的加入,样品的六方结构有序性和孔尺寸发生变化.PEG量在1%～20%范围内,样品仍具有较高的六方孔道有序性;PEG量过大(60%)有序性明显下降.随着PEG加入量的增加,纳米MCM-41的晶面间距增大,孔尺寸增大.适量的聚乙二醇可以得到有序性好、比表面积大、孔径均一和孔隙率大的单分散纳米球形MCM-41分子筛.     

Porosity of cement paste cured at 45 °C as a function of location relative to casting position

The influence of location relative to the casting position, on porosity and pore size distribution of cement pastes, was investigated. Three different pastes were prepared at a constant water/binder ratio of 0.45. The pastes were the control paste (CP) in which Portland cement was used and no cement replacement materials were added, pastes with 22% and 9% replacement (by mass) of cement with fly ash (FA) and silica fume (SF), respectively. Paste specimens were cast in cube moulds and were either cured in air at a temperature of 45 °C and relative humidity of 25% for 28 days or moist cured for 14 days after casting at 45 °C, followed by air curing at 45 °C and 25% relative humidity for further 14 days. Samples were taken from various locations of the cube specimens. Porosity and pore size distribution were conducted on the paste samples using the mercury intrusion porosimetry technique.The results show that large differences in porosity and pore size distribution exist between samples taken from different locations relative to casting positions. These differences are larger in pastes subjected to dry curing as compared to pastes subjected to some initial moist curing. The influence of sample location relative to casting position on porosity and pore size distribution of paste is compared with absorption of concrete performed in a previous investigation. The correlation between pore volume of paste and water absorption of concrete is also conducted.