水杨醛缩对硝基苯胺钴配合物的合成、表征及荧光性质研究

以水杨醛和对硝基苯胺为原料合成了Schiff碱水杨醛缩对硝基苯胺,将其与Co(Ⅱ)作用合成水杨醛缩对硝基苯胺钴配合物。通过红外光谱分析、元素分析、热重分析等方法对产物结构进行表征。并通过荧光光谱对配体、配合物荧光发光性质进行了研究。结果表明,配体水杨醛缩对硝基苯胺及其Co(Ⅱ)配合物CoL_2·5H_2O均有发光性能。     

对氟苯胺Schiff碱的合成及其生物活性研究

本文报道用5－硝基水杨醛合成了5－硝基,N（对氟苯基）水杨醛亚胺Schiff碱,其结构用红外光谱和共振谱表征,并对其生物活性作了初步研究,发现该化合物具有比较好的抑菌能力。     

5-硝基水杨醛分离纯化方法改良

对 5 硝基水杨醛的分离提纯方法进行了改良研究 ,发现加入一定量的稀碱使 3 和 5 硝基水杨醛均完全转变成钠盐是实验成功的关键。进而利用两种钠盐在水中溶解度的差异 ,采用水抽提方法 ,先将 3 和 5 硝基水杨醛的钠盐以溶液形式分离开 ,再分别经酸化及重结晶处理 ,即得产率为 5 8 0 %的 5 硝基水杨醛 ,纯度经HPLC测定为 99 4 % ,其结构经元素分析、红外、紫外、核磁等确证。同时还得到产率为 35 0 %的 3 硝基水杨醛。     

3-氨基-5-硝基-2-苯并呋喃甲酸乙酯的合成

文章以5-硝基水杨醛为起始原料合成了3-氨基-5-硝基-2-苯并呋喃甲酸乙酯。通过单因素试验,研究了反应时间、碱的种类对成环反应的影响,提高了产品收率,为工业化生产提供了方法参考。     

双水杨醛类缩乙二胺席夫碱的合成及光谱性能

以水杨醛为原料,通过硝化或溴化反应合成了3,5—二硝基水杨醛(p.m57℃～59℃),5—溴水杨醛((m.p104℃～105℃),3—硝基水杨醛(m.p124℃～127℃),和3—溴—5—硝基水杨醛(m.p148℃～149℃)收率分别为76.0%、81.8%、63.0%和80.5%用水杨醛及其衍生物同乙二胺反应制备出11种双水杨醛缩乙二胺席夫碱。采用~1H—NMR对合成的系列席夫碱进行了表征,通过紫外光谱测定席夫碱中苯环上不同取代基对紫外吸收波长的影响。     

5-硝基水杨醛缩-2-氨基-5-偶氮苯吡啶的合成

用自制的5－硝基水杨醛设计合成了5－硝基，水杨醛缩－2－氨基－5－偶氯苯吡啶杂环类Schiff碱，其组成和结构已由元素分析和红外光谱所表征。     

改进Duff反应合成5-硝基水杨醛

用多聚磷酸改进Duff反应合成了5-硝基水杨醛,探讨了温度、时间、反应物用量等因素对5-硝基水杨醛产率的影响。结果表明较佳反应条件是:在对硝基苯酚为3.5 g的情况下,75%的多聚磷酸用量为30 mL,n(六亚甲基四胺)∶n(对硝基苯酚)=2∶1,反应时间为3.0 h,反应温度105℃,5-硝基水杨醛的产率可达68.1%。并对产品进行了红外检测,符合文献值的要求。     

超声波辐射下光致变色螺吡喃类化合物的快速合成

在超声辐射条件下,以1,3,3-三甲基-2-亚甲基吲哚啉和5-硝基水杨醛为原料,以甲醇为溶剂,合成了光致变色化合物1,3,3-三甲基-6'-硝基螺吲哚啉苯并吡喃,以甲醇为溶剂,在有机碱六氢吡啶存在下,将1-羟乙基-2,3,3-三甲基吲哚啉碘化物和5-硝基水杨醛通过"一锅煮"的方式,合成了光致变色化合物1-羟乙基-3,3-二甲基-6'-硝基螺吲哚啉苯并吡喃。实验证实,超声辐射显著的加快了螺吡喃类化合物的合成过程。     

超声波辐射下光致变色螺吡喃类化合物的快速合成

在超声辐射条件下,以1,3,3-三甲基-2-亚甲基吲哚啉和5-硝基水杨醛为原料,以甲醇为溶剂,合成了光致变色化合物1,3,3-三甲基-6'-硝基螺吲哚啉苯并吡喃,以甲醇为溶剂,在有机碱六氢吡啶存在下,将1-羟乙基-2,3,3-三甲基吲哚啉碘化物和5-硝基水杨醛通过"一锅煮"的方式,合成了光致变色化合物1-羟乙基-3,3-二甲基-6'-硝基螺吲哚啉苯并吡喃。实验证实,超声辐射显著的加快了螺吡喃类化合物的合成过程。     

取代羟基查尔酮化合物的合成与表征

查尔酮类化合物是合成黄酮类药物的重要中间体,而且它本身也具有广泛的药理活性。在稀碱催化下,于75～80℃反应1.5h,苯乙酮分别与水杨醛、5-氯水杨醛、5-硝基水杨醛进行交叉羟醛缩合反应,合成了其中两个鲜见文献报道的查尔酮类化合物,产物通过元素分析、IR、1 H NMR、MS进行了结构确证。     

Preparation and surface-active properties of the sodium soaps,mono- and diethanolamides and diol and triol sulfates of cycloaliphatic C21 Di- and C22 Tricarboxylic acids

Cycloaliphatic C₂₁ di- and C₂₂ tricarboxylic acids were prepared by the Diels-Alder reaction of dehydrated castor oil (DCO) fatty acids (containing 48% conjugated and 42% nonconjugated dienes) with acrylic and fumaric acids, respectively. The reaction temperature, time, catalyst concentration, and mole ratio of reactants were varied to get maximum yields of the di- and tricarboxylic acids. The unreacted DCO fatty acids were removed from the products by partition between aqueous methanol and n-hexane. The products were converted to methyl esters and characterized as the substituted cyclohexene derivatives before and after dehydrogenation with Pd/C in xylene, hydrogenation with Pd/C in decalin and oxidation with periodate-permanganate reagent and by mass and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. The acids were converted to sodium soaps, mono- and diethanolamides and the corresponding diol and triol sulfates, and the resulting products were evaluated for their surface-active properties. The sodium soaps showed better calcium tolerance and poorer foaming power than sodium oleate. The diethanolamides were inferior to lauroyl diethanolamide in wetting and emulsifying power. The monoethanolamides were better than the respective diethanolamides and lauroyl diethanolamide in wetting property. The diol and triol sulfates were poorer in wetting and emulsifying ability and better in calcium tolerance than sodium lauryl sulfate.     

民用工业中复合材料桁架的应用和发展

本文叙述了复合材料桁架的构造、分类和计算方法,突出了复合材料桁架的优越性能和在民用工业中的应用前景;在分析大量文献资料的基础上阐述复合材料桁架杆件的多种加工工艺,并比较不同截面形式对杆件性能的影响;探讨复合材料杆件的破坏机理和分析方法,介绍节点的类型和各自的特点,提出节点及连接部位存在的关键问题;根据国内外复合材料桁架的研究和应用现状,阐述了复合材料桁架的性能和不同的设计方法,总结归纳影响复合材料桁架性能的关键因素和设计中存在的一些问题,并提出改进杆件设计、节点设计和优化复合材料桁架的建议。     

熟料岩相试样制作方法及典型岩相特征的形成原因

熟料的岩相分析有助于熟料质量的判断及生产过程控制调整。根据多年实践经验,总结了手工和机械磨制岩相试样的方法及注意事项,并对几种熟料岩相特征(孔洞、游离氧化钙、A矿包裹B矿和f-Ca O、晶体尺寸不均和矿巢)进行了举例和形成原因分析。     

Effects of Extraction Temperature and Preservation Method on Functionality of Soy Protein

The effects of extraction temperature and preservation method on the functional properties of soy protein isolate (SPI) were determined. Four extraction temperatures (25, 40, 60, and 80 °C) were used to produce SPI and yields of solids and protein contents were determined. Three preservation methods were also tested (spray-drying, freeze-drying, and freezing–thawing) and compared to fresh (undried) samples for each extraction temperature. No differences in yields of solids and protein were observed among SPIs extracted at 25, 40, and 60 °C; however, SPI extracted at 80 °C yielded significantly less solids and protein. Extraction temperature significantly affected SPI functionality. As extraction temperature increased, solubility and emulsification capacity decreased; surface hydrophobicities, emulsification activities and stabilities, and dynamic viscosities increased; and foaming properties improved. Preservation method also significantly affected SPI functionality. Drying method did not affect the denaturation enthalpies of SPIs, but spray-dried SPIs had higher solubilities, surface hydrophobicities, and emulsification stabilities, and lower viscosities, emulsification activities and rates of foaming than freeze-dried SPI exhibited. Emulsification and foaming capacities and foaming stabilities were similar for both methods of drying. There was significant interaction between extraction temperature and preservation method for all functional properties except emulsification capacity.     

Enzymes-Assisted Extraction of Plants for Sustainable and Functional Applications

The scientific community and industrial companies have discovered significant enzyme applications to plant material. This rise imparts to changing consumers’ demands while searching for ‘clean label’ food products, boosting the immune system, uprising resistance to bacterial and fungal diseases, and climate change challenges. First, enzymes were used for enhancing production yield with mild and not hazardous applications. However, enzyme specificity, activity, plant origin and characteristics, ratio, and extraction conditions differ depending on the goal. As a result, researchers have gained interest in enzymes’ ability to cleave specific bonds of macroelements and release bioactive compounds by enhancing value and creating novel derivatives in plant extracts. The extract is enriched with reducing sugars, phenolic content, and peptides by disrupting lignocellulose and releasing compounds from the cell wall and cytosolic. Nonetheless, depolymerizing carbohydrates and using specific enzymes form and release various saccharides lengths. The latest studies show that oligosaccharides released and formed by enzymes have a high potential to be slowly digestible starches (SDS) and possibly be labeled as prebiotics. Additionally, they excel in new technological, organoleptic, and physicochemical properties. Released novel derivatives and phenolic compounds have a significant role in human and animal health and gut-microbiota interactions, affecting many metabolic pathways. The latest studies have contributed to enzyme-modified extracts and products used for functional, fermented products development and sustainable processes: in particular, nanocellulose, nanocrystals, nanoparticles green synthesis with drug delivery, wound healing, and antimicrobial properties. Even so, enzymes’ incorporation into processes has limitations and is regulated by national and international levels.     

Self-Assembly of Diamondoid Molecules and Derivatives (MD Simulations and DFT Calculations)

We report self-assembly and phase transition behavior of lower diamondoid molecules and their primary derivatives using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Two lower diamondoids (adamantane and diamantane), three adamantane derivatives (amantadine, memantine and rimantadine) and two artificial molecules (ADM•Na and DIM•Na) are studied separately in 125-molecule simulation systems. We performed DFT calculations to optimize their molecular geometries and obtained atomic electronic charges for the corresponding MD simulation, by which we predicted self-assembly structures and simulation trajectories for the seven different diamondoids and derivatives. Our radial distribution function and structure factor studies showed clear phase transitions and self-assemblies for the seven diamondoids and derivatives.     

Role of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) carbohydrates in resistance to budworm (Choristoneura occidentalis)

The current year's growth of Douglas fir contains galactose, unusual in that this carbohydrate makes up 78.7% of the total carbohydrate fraction. An agar diet study was undertaken to determine the effects of galactose, other carbohydrates, and terpenes on western spruce budworm larval mortality, growth rate, and adult biomas production. All concentrations of the carbohydrates and terpenes tested, as well as other mineral elements not tested, were typical of the current year's foliage of Douglas fir. In experiment I, the diet containing 5.61% total carbohydrate did not significantly affect larval mortality when compared to the control diet. However, diets containing 9.45% and 15% total carbohydrate concentrations significantly increased larval mortality 64% and 96.1%, respectively, when compared to the control. Also in experiment I, terpenes alone (78.9% morality) and terpenes in combination with 9.45% and 15% total carbohydrates significantly increased larval mortality (97.2% and 100%, respectively) when compared to mortality on the control diet (44%). To determine which carbohydrate was causing the adverse effect, 6% glucose, 6% fructose, and 6% galactose were placed individually and in combination with terpenes in diets in experiment II. The 6% galactose diet significantly increased larval mortality and reduced growth rate when compared to the control, glucose, and fructose diets. Glucose resulted in 16% less larval mortality, significantly enhanced female larval growth rate and pupal weight, but did not affect male larval growth rate and pupal weight, when compared to the control. Fructose resulted in a significant decrease in larval mortality and a general trend of enhanced female and male larval growth rate and pupal weight. Larval mortality on terpenes alone was not significantly different from the control, but terpenes with 6% galactose increased larval mortality and decreased female and male growth rate and pupal weight significantly when compared to glucose-terpene and fructose-terpene diets. No significant interactions were found between carbohydrates and terpenes in either experiment.     

COMBINED INNOVATIVE HEAT PUMP DRYING TECHNOLOGIES AND NEW COLD EXTRUSION TECHNIQUES FOR PRODUCTION OF INSTANT FOODS

There is an increased demand for convenient foods including ready-to-eat and instant products. These products are desired with minimum concentration of synthetic chemicals. This creates challenges for the food industry and dryers manufactures to develop new technologies to process difficult-sensitive materials and to supply final products with high quality and improved properties. Fruits and vegetables are mainly composed of water, carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. Due to modification of chemical and physical bonds the compounds the material becomes viscous and sticky during processing. Conventional dryers have limitations in handling such sensitive materials. Heat pump dryers have been applied in the production of a diversity of ready-to-eat foods and dried instant products for the last five years at SINTEF-NTNU. Besides being energetically efficient and environmentally friendly, the heat pump drying technology provides a wide range of drying conditions as required to produce powders with improved characteristics. This work describes the new technologies and processing line for the production of instant foods as well as the measurements on the properties and quality attributes for raw, intermediate and final instant products.     

Environment and colour: The technological interface

Technology and colour are viewed as interfaces between the environment, humans and human activity. Examples are provided of ways of facilitating and improving access to and use of colours by commercial users of colour coatings through improvements in the accuracy of measuring and displaying colour. By analogy, the task of providing effective interfaces within the coatings industry, between the coatings industry and the environment and between the coatings industry and the public and political domain are discussed. Examples of information shortfalls are cited to illustrate how distortions arise. Examples of more effective, integrated technological, organisational and political interfacing are culled from the author's experiences.     

毒死蜱、联苯菊酯在室内和室外土壤中的消解动态及土壤化学屏障研究

[目的]探讨毒死蜱和联苯菊酯在室内外土壤中的消解动态,并预测2种农药作为土壤化学屏障防治白蚁的有效期。[方法]采用气相色谱法测定不同时期土壤中毒死蜱和联苯菊酯的残留量并采用土壤穿透法测定2种农药在土壤中的生物活性。[结果]毒死蜱在室内和室外的半衰期分别为51.3、39.5 d,联苯菊酯在室内和室外的半衰期分别为31.3、44.5 d。毒死蜱和联苯菊酯抗白蚁穿透的最低有效质量分数分别为6.15、5.78 mg/kg,并结合消解动态方程预测出毒死蜱和联苯菊酯作为土壤化学屏障中有效成分的有效期在室内分别为195、29.1 d,在室外则分别为158.4、56.1 d。[结论]得到的白蚁防治有效期结果较好,为白蚁的化学防治提供理论依据。