海洋平台用EQ70钢的连续冷却转变

采用DIL 805A热膨胀仪测定了EQ70海洋平台用钢在不同冷速下连续冷却转变的膨胀曲线,结合组织观察和微观硬度测定,获得了该钢的连续冷却转变曲线。结果表明,冷速在0.5℃/s以下,实验用钢的组织为粒状贝氏体,冷速在0.5℃/s到2℃/s之间组织主要为粒状贝氏体和板条贝氏体,冷速为2℃/时,开始有马氏体生成,冷速在5℃/s以上,组织全部转变为马氏体。     

冷却速度对E690海洋平台用钢组织与性能的影响

采用热膨胀法在Gleeble-3800热模拟机上测定了E690海洋平台用钢的相变临界点。同时测定了过冷奥氏体在不同冷却速度下连续转变时的膨胀曲线,绘制了其静态CCT曲线。结合金相-显微硬度法,分析了不同冷却速度对E690海洋平台用钢组织性能的影响。结果表明：冷却速度为0.05到0.5 ℃/s时,冷却转变的产物为粒状贝氏体;当冷速增加,达到0.1~3 ℃/s后,板条状贝氏体明显增多;冷却速度超过5 ℃/s后,冷却产物为板条贝氏体和板条马氏体。     

S500Q水电用钢的静态连续冷却转变

利用DIL805L热膨胀仪测定了S500Q水电用钢在不同冷速下连续冷却转变的热膨胀曲线,结合组织观察和显微硬度测定,获得了该钢种的静态连续冷却转变曲线。结果表明,冷速在0.5℃/s以下,组织为铁素体、珠光体和粒状贝氏体,冷速在0.5~5℃/s之间,组织为粒状贝氏体和板条贝氏体,冷速在20℃/s以上,组织完全为马氏体。     

低合金耐磨钢的CCT曲线与马氏体相变原位观察

利用Linseis L78 RITA相变仪测定了低合金耐磨钢在不同冷却速率下的膨胀曲线,并结合金相、硬度检验绘制出试验钢的连续冷却转变曲线(CCT曲线),研究不同冷却速度对该钢组织转变的影响,利用VL2000DX高温激光共聚焦显微镜观察并分析了试验钢的马氏体相变过程。结果表明：试验钢的临界转变点A_c1为766℃,A_c3为825℃;当冷速为0.01～0.1℃/s时,试验钢的显微组织为粒状贝氏体;当冷速达到0.2℃/s时,组织为上贝氏体+少量马氏体。随着冷速增加到0.5℃/s,贝氏体组织几乎全部消失,取而代之的是马氏体组织,并且随着冷速的进一步增加马氏体板条更加明显。原位观察结果表明：马氏体优先在奥氏体晶界处形核,后转变的马氏体在先形成的马氏体界面上形核,两者之间具有一定位向关系。     

WQ960E工程结构用钢CCT曲线的测定与分析

利用DIL805A型淬火变形膨胀仪,测定了WQ960E工程机械用钢以不同冷却速度连续冷却时的膨胀曲线,并结合金相-硬度法,获得该钢的过冷奥氏体连续冷却转变曲线(CCT曲线).根据CCT曲线,结合光学显微镜与扫描电镜分析结果,研究了冷却速率对相变组织演变规律的影响.结果表明:当冷速为0.06℃/s时,相变组织为铁素体(F)+粒状贝氏体(GB);冷速为0.2℃/s时,组织为粒状贝氏体(GB);冷速为0.5℃/s时,开始出现板条贝氏体(LB);冷速为5℃/s时,出现马氏体(M).     

Q500qENH桥梁耐候钢CCT曲线的测定及其组织、硬度

为了深入了解Q500qENH钢在连续冷却相变过程中组织及硬度的变化及原因,通过热膨胀法和金相-硬度法绘制了Q500qENH钢的动态连续冷却转变曲线(CCT曲线),研究了冷却速度对其组织、硬度及相变行为的影响。结果表明：冷速在0.1～0.3℃/s时,试验钢的组织为多边形铁素体和少量珠光体与贝氏体;冷速在0.5～10℃/s时,组织主要为粒状贝氏体,冷速在15～30℃/s时,组织主要为板条贝氏体和粒状贝氏体,随着冷速的增大,粒状贝氏体的含量逐渐降低,板条贝氏体的含量不断增加,在25～30℃/s较大冷速时,有极少量的马氏体产生。随着冷速由0.1℃/s增加至30℃/s,试验钢的硬度基本呈线性增大,由154 HV0.2增加至352 HV0.2,基体组织的细化是硬度不断增大的主要因素。     

不同状态下冷却速度对NM400耐磨钢组织的影响

以NM400耐磨钢为研究对象,应用Gleeble-1500热模拟机分别研究了静态下和动态下冷却速度对NM400耐磨钢组织的影响。结果表明:在静态下冷速为5℃/s时得到的组织为铁素体+贝氏体,随着冷速的增加贝氏体转变范围增加,当冷速为30～50℃/s时得到的组织为贝氏体+马氏体组织;而动态下冷却速度为0.5～1.0℃/s时组织为多边形铁素体+粒状贝氏体;冷速为5～15℃/s时粒状贝氏体组织转变为板条贝氏体组织,冷却速度在20℃/s以上,组织主要是贝氏体+马氏体。通过动态连续冷却组织的分析,建议直接淬火工艺为:冷却速度应该大于15℃/s以便得到贝氏体组织或者贝氏体和马氏体的混合组织,冷却开始温度应该在800～850℃,而冷却结束温度在400～450℃。     

550MPa级桥梁钢形变奥氏体连续冷却转变行为研究

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机模拟了550 MPa级桥梁钢板热变形奥氏体的动态连续冷却转变过程,结合金相法绘制实验钢的CCT曲线,并对相变组织进行硬度和拉伸性能测试。结果表明,当冷却速度小于1℃/s时,钢的冷却组织为粒状贝氏体,其基体为铁素体;当冷速为5℃/s时,转变组织中开始出现少量板条贝氏体,为粒状贝氏体+板条贝氏体的混合组织,且粒状贝氏体岛状组织明显沿板条界面分布;随冷速继续增大,粒状贝氏体减少,板条贝氏体特征更加明显。随冷速的增大,组织细化,连续冷却转变组织硬度增加,强度升高。     

低温压力容器用07Ni5DR钢的动态CCT曲线

采用MMS-200热模拟试验机首先测得07Ni5DR低温压力容器钢的临界相变点,然后测定了900℃变形40%后不同冷速连续冷却过程中钢的膨胀曲线,并检验不同冷速下试样的室温组织。结果表明,钢的临界相变点为Ac_1=640℃,Ac_3=753℃。当冷速为1℃/s时,所得室温组织主要是铁素体和粒状贝氏体;当冷速为10℃/s时,出现马氏体组织,铁素体减少;当冷速为15℃/s时,不再发生铁素体相变,组织为贝氏体和马氏体。随着冷速进一步增加,组织以贝氏体和马氏体为主。结合膨胀法与金相法,利用Origin 8.0软件绘制了07Ni5DR钢的动态CCT曲线。     

一种高耐磨合金钢CCT曲线的测定与分析

通过Gleeble热模拟机测定热轧圆钢以不同速度连续冷却到室温的膨胀曲线，结合金相组织和硬度试验，绘制出一种高耐磨合金钢的CCT曲线，并分析不同冷速对组织演变的影响。结果表明：当冷速在0.05～0.1℃/s时，转变产物为铁素体+珠光体；当冷速为0.15℃/s时，转变产物为铁素体+珠光体+少量的贝氏体组织；当冷速为0.2～0.35℃/s时，转变产物为铁素体+珠光体+贝氏体+马氏体；当冷速为0.5～1.5℃/s时，转变产物为贝氏体+少量的马氏体；当冷速大于2℃/s时，转变产物全为马氏体。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。