TMCP高强韧F460厚板及焊接接头的组织和性能

阐述了TMCP型F460厚板的生产方法,并使用自动埋弧焊技术对60 mm厚钢板进行双面多层多道次对接焊试验。分析了母板及焊接接头的显微组织,检测了母板及焊接接头的常规力学性能和-10℃下焊接接头的裂纹尖端张开位移(CTOD)性能。结果表明,采用低碳多元微合金化成分设计,配合适当TMCP工艺,使得试制钢板具有良好的组织与力学性能;热输入量为15k J/cm时焊接热影响粗晶区组织主要为板条状贝氏体,热输入量为50 k J/cm时粒状贝氏体增多,大角度晶界减少;焊接接头拉伸断裂位置位于母材,焊缝区显微硬度明显高于母材,未出现焊接软化和粗晶区脆化现象;热输入量为15和50 k J/cm时,熔敷金属和热影响粗晶区的(-10℃) CTOD平均值分别大于0. 623和0. 833 mm,焊接接头具有优良的低温抗开裂性能。     

抗HIC压力容器用Q345R(R-HIC)钢焊接接头组织与性能研究

研发了抗HIC(Hydrogen Induced Cracking,氢致开裂)压力容器用Q345R(R-HIC)钢,并研究其焊接接头区域的显微组织及性能。结果表明,焊缝区、熔合区和热影响区显微组织主要由铁素体、贝氏体和珠光体组成。各区域热力学过程不同,焊接后显微组织存在明显差异:焊缝区显微组织主要由先共析铁素体、针状铁素体和粒状贝氏体组成;熔合区显微组织中贝氏体逐渐增多,铁素体逐渐减少;热影响区中的粗晶区显微组织几乎全部由贝氏体组成,细晶区和不完全重结晶区显微组织为等轴铁素体和珠光体组织。焊接接头具有良好的力学和抗氢致开裂性能。焊接接头微区硬度和冲击性能与显微组织关系密切:热影响区存在贝氏体组织导致其平均硬度最高、冲击功最低;针状铁素体具有良好的抗裂纹扩展能力,使得焊缝区具有良好的冲击韧性,冲击功最高。各区域差异的显微组织未对抗氢致开裂性能造成影响。     

焊接热输入对超低碳贝氏体钢热影响区CGHAZ组织性能影响

为探索不同焊接热输入对超低碳贝氏体钢焊接接头热影响区(CGHAZ)粗晶区显微组织和冲击性能的影响,采用Gleeble 3500热模拟试验机模拟不同热输入,研究热输入对Q420qEN钢接头热影响区粗晶区的显微组织和冲击韧性的影响,并采用扫描电镜、示波冲击和透射电镜等技术对钢热影响区粗晶区进行了表征.结果表明,随着焊接热输...     

X80管线钢热丝TIG焊接接头显微组织和力学性能

采用热丝TIG焊对X80钢板进行对接,并研究了接头的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明:焊缝区主要为针状铁素体(AF)组织,热影响区粗晶区主要为贝氏体铁素体(BF)和粒状贝氏体(GB)组织,细晶区主要是多边形铁素体(PF)和少量贝氏体组成;焊接接头的平均抗拉强度为643 MPa,断裂在母材区;在-30℃时焊缝区的冲击吸收功高于热影响区,焊缝主要是韧脆混合断裂为主,而HAZ主要以脆性断裂为主。焊缝区的硬度较高,焊接接头HAZ存在硬化和软化现象。     

Q345超细晶粒钢的焊接性能

对7.5 mm厚Q345超细晶粒钢板卷进行了两种焊丝(φ1.2 mm药芯和实芯)3种热输入(4～10 kJ/em)的系列CO2气体保护焊接试验,研究了焊丝和热输入对焊接接头组织和性能的影响.结果表明,热输入为4 ～ 10 k.J/cm的气体保护焊,可得到满足性能要求的焊接接头;热输入为4～6kJ/cm时,焊接接头粗晶区主要由贝氏体和马氏体构成,且药芯焊丝接头粗晶区马氏体含量高于实芯焊丝接头粗晶区,导致了药芯焊丝接头粗晶区较高的硬度;热输人为10 kJ/cm时,焊接接头粗晶区主要由铁素体构成.拉伸试验和硬度试验表明,母材是焊接接头中的薄弱部位.冲击试验结果表明,焊缝区、热影响区冲击性能与母材在同一水平.     

Q690高强钢脉冲MAG焊接头的组织与性能

选择ER69-G焊丝,采用脉冲MAG焊制备了Q690焊接接头。利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪、万能材料试验机、冲击试验机测试分析了焊接接头的显微组织与力学性能。结果表明,焊缝金属为针状铁素体,热影响区粗晶区为粒状贝氏体,相变重结晶区及不完全重结晶区中原贝氏体组织转变为多边形铁素体。采用脉冲MAG焊制备的焊接接头具有良好的强度和塑韧性。焊接接头的热影响区受热循环作用发生软化现象,是整个接头中强度及韧性的薄弱环节。     

焊接热过程和冶金过程

980MPa级高强钢焊接接头HAZ的组织和性能 采用焊接热模拟的方法,研究一种980MPa级低碳贝氏体高强钢焊接接头HAZ不同区域,通过对各个区域的组织及相的分析,以及相应的拉伸及冲击试验,研究了此类高强钢的组织和性能。结果表明,粗晶区的冲击性能最好．细晶区的冲击性能最低,为热影响区的薄弱环节。粗晶区组织为均匀粗细相间的板条贝氏体组织;在板条贝氏体上弥散析出碳化物;板条贝氏体界厩上的奥氏体薄膜的存在是粗晶区韧性提高的原因。     

4.5Cr耐候钢GMAW接头组织及力学性能研究

在不预热的条件下,采用TH650EW型焊丝对4.5Cr耐候钢进行熔化极气体保护焊(GMAW)试验。通过扫描电镜观察和力学性能试验,分析焊接接头的微观组织及力学性能。结果表明,焊缝区组织主要由粒状贝氏体与马氏体组成;粗晶热影响区组织主要为马氏体,细晶热影响区组织由细小的贝氏体和铁素体组成。4.5Cr耐候钢接头具有良好的力学性能。接头焊缝区和热影响区的硬度高于母材,没有出现软化区;其室温抗拉强度达到580 MPa,断口出现在母材;同一冲击温度下,热影响区的冲击吸收功明显大于焊缝区,而且不同冲击温度下热影响区的冲击性能变化较小。     

焊接热过程和冶金过程

980MPa级高强钢焊接接头HAZ的组织和性能 采用焊接热模拟的方法,研究一种980MPa级低碳贝氏体高强钢焊接接头HAZ不同区域,通过对各个区域的组织及相的分析,以及相应的拉伸及冲击试验,研究了此类高强钢的组织和性能。结果表明,粗晶区的冲击性能最好．细晶区的冲击性能最低,为热影响区的薄弱环节。粗晶区组织为均匀粗细相间的板条贝氏体组织;在板条贝氏体上弥散析出碳化物;板条贝氏体界厩上的奥氏体薄膜的存在是粗晶区韧性提高的原因。     

调质态Q690D高强钢GMAW多道次焊接组织与性能

在无预热和焊后热处理条件下,采用熔化极气体保护焊（GMAW）对10 mm厚的调质高强钢Q690D进行三道次焊接试验,通过组织观察和硬度测试分析了该钢焊接接头组织转变特征及硬度分布规律。结果表明,Q690D热影响区组织主要为粒状贝氏体和少量下贝氏体,热影响区产生软化现象,最大失强率达到23%,粗晶区受再热作用后发生组织遗传;采用实芯焊丝CHW-70C（ER69-G）使焊缝得到90%的针状铁素体组织,硬度值比母材低;为控制软化区宽度,焊接线能量以8 kJ/cm为宜。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.