Nd∶YAG激光辐照碳纤维复合材料的质量烧蚀

 通过实验研究了连续Nd：YAG激光辐照下碳纤维环氧树脂复合材料的质量烧蚀规律。结果表明：当激光功率密度大于 10 kW/cm2 时,材料烧蚀质量与激光辐照能量成正比关系;在同样激光辐照能量下,半径为0.65mm的激光辐照引起的复合材料的质量烧蚀率比半径为5.5mm的激光辐照的结果大一倍;激光功率在燃烧阈值附近时,燃烧现象引起质量烧蚀率的波动。     

片状石墨增强树脂基复合材料的耐激光烧蚀性能研究

采用刷涂的方法制备了一种新型的片状石墨增强钡酚醛树脂基复合材料, 并采用重频激光辐照的方法, 对其耐烧蚀性能进行了研究. 研究结果表明: 片状石墨增强钡酚醛树脂基复合材料在平均功率密度为1700 J/cm²的重频激光辐照下的热烧蚀率为32.8 μg/J, 耐激光烧蚀性能明显高于碳纤维增强的钡酚醛树脂基复合材料和钡酚醛树脂; 片状石墨增强钡酚醛树脂基复合材料中的片状石墨呈近平行的层状分布方式, 在激光辐照过程中能对入射激光起到平面反射作用, 从而有效地降低激光辐照的能量沉积; 片状石墨的片型对复合材料的耐烧蚀性能有影响, φ0.5 mm的片状石墨增强的复合材料的耐激光烧蚀性能最好.     

激光参数对碳纤维复合材料质量烧蚀率的影响

为了研究激光参数对碳纤维增强有机硅改性环氧树脂复合材料质量烧蚀率的影响规律, 选用不同激光参数、采用高强度CO₂激光器对该复合材料进行了激光辐照试验。分别分析了入射激光的辐照时间、强度和光斑直径对碳纤维增强有机硅改性环氧树脂复合材料质量烧蚀率的影响规律。研究结果表明: 激光辐照时间对该复合材料的质量烧蚀率的影响不大, 而该复合材料的质量烧蚀率随入射激光强度和光斑直径的增大而增大。      

碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料在切向气流和激光作用下的损伤

实验研究了靶板表面有0.4 Mach(1 Mach=340 m/s)切向空气气流、0.4 Mach切向氮气气流和无气流时,976 nm连续激光对碳纤维增强E-51环氧树脂复合材料的辐照效应,得到了该材料在不同功率密度下的烧蚀规律.实验结果表明:当样品发生剧烈热分解时,随热分解气体流出边界的固体颗粒对入射激光有屏蔽作用;切向气流一方面可以减弱这种屏蔽作用,有利于辐照区的烧蚀,另一方面对样品有冷却作用,不利于烧蚀;相比于氮气流,空气流有助于产物的燃烧,对下游附近区域产生明显的加热作用;切向空气气流的加载会明显提高扩散到样品表面的氧气浓度,导致碳纤维发生氧化烧蚀;三种气流状态下,当入射激光功率密度在100～800W/cm2范围内,随着功率密度的增大,激光能量的利用效率逐渐降低.     

T-700碳纤维增强复合材料的激光辐照性能研究

采用Rofin-Sinar 850型CO_2激光器研究了T-700碳纤维/g氧树脂及T-700织物/酚醛树脂2种复合材料体系的激光辐照特性.研究表明,T-700碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料在激光辐照时均首先产生燃烧现象.在032激光器的输出功率2355(士3%)w、光斑直径10mm、光斑功率密度3kW/cm~2、辐照时间3s条件下,T-700碳纤维/环氧树脂与碳布/酚醛树脂复合材料的质量损失相当,质量损失最大为0.1666g.在激光辐照下,增加T-700碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料厚度可以起到明显的隔热作用,在碳布/酚醛树脂复合材料表面粘贴DQ绝热层可有效提高激光辐照隔热性能.     

酚醛树脂基复合材料的等离子烧蚀性能

利用等离子烧蚀试验系统,对纤维增强酚醛树脂复合材料进行烧蚀试验,并对不同复合材料的烧蚀率和微观形貌进行测试和分析。等离子烧蚀试验条件为:功率60kW,热流密度25000kW/m~2,烧蚀时间8s。结果表明:碳纤维、高硅氧纤维、玻璃纤维增强酚醛树脂复合材料的等离子线烧蚀率分别为:0.180mm/s、0.666mm/s、0.613mm/s,质量烧蚀率分别为:0.167g/s、0.310g/s、0.338g/s,线烧蚀率和质量烧蚀率相对偏差都在5%以内。利用扫描电子显微镜和X射线能谱仪对烧蚀样品的微观形貌进行分析,对不同纤维增强酚醛树脂基复合材料的等离子烧蚀机理进行了探讨。     

烧蚀角度对C/C复合材料烧蚀行为的影响EI北大核心CSCD

烧蚀角度对C/C复合材料的耐烧蚀性能有显著的影响,采用自主研发的氧-煤油烧蚀实验系统对轴棒法编织的三维四向C/C复合材料进行烧蚀/侵蚀实验,实验的典型角度分别为90°,60°,45°,侵蚀时的粒子浓度为1.37%。测算试样的宏观烧蚀率,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了试样烧蚀后的微观形貌。分析了角度对C/C复合材料烧蚀行为的影响规律,并探讨其烧蚀机理。结果表明:不加粒子进行烧蚀实验时,烧蚀角度90°,60°,45°对应的试样质量烧蚀率分别为0.146,0.123,0.100g/s,随烧蚀角度的减小,质量烧蚀率加速降低;加粒子进行侵蚀实验时,烧蚀角度90°,60°,45°对应的试样质量烧蚀率分别为0.452,0.455,0.432g/s,线烧蚀率分别为1.863,1.323,0.843mm/s,随烧蚀角度的减小,质量烧蚀率基本不变,线烧蚀率逐渐降低。烧蚀角度越小,射流的冲刷作用越强,伴随热化学烧蚀的作用,导致烧蚀/侵蚀实验条件下,径向纤维的烧蚀梯度均增加;烧蚀实验条件下,轴向纤维束外沿的受冲刷区域变大。     

碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料在切向气流和激光作用下的损伤

实验研究了靶板表面有0.4 Mach(1 Mach=340 m/s)切向空气气流、 0.4 Mach切向氮气气流和无气流时, 976 nm连续激光对碳纤维增强E-51环氧树脂复合材料的辐照效应, 得到了该材料在不同功率密度下的烧蚀规律。实验结果表明: 当样品发生剧烈热分解时, 随热分解气体流出边界的固体颗粒对入射激光有屏蔽作用; 切向气流一方面可以减弱这种屏蔽作用, 有利于辐照区的烧蚀, 另一方面对样品有冷却作用, 不利于烧蚀; 相比于氮气流, 空气流有助于产物的燃烧, 对下游附近区域产生明显的加热作用; 切向空气气流的加载会明显提高扩散到样品表面的氧气浓度, 导致碳纤维发生氧化烧蚀; 三种气流状态下, 当入射激光功率密度在100～800 W/cm²范围内, 随着功率密度的增大, 激光能量的利用效率逐渐降低。     

ZrB2和POSS对碳布/酚醛复合材料烧蚀性能的影响

以ZrB2为改性剂,采用热压工艺制备了碳布/酚醛复合材料,通过氧/乙炔烧蚀实验对复合材料的烧蚀性能进行了研究,利用扫描电镜和能量色散谱仪对复合材料烧蚀形貌和成分进行了分析。结果表明:经氧/乙炔焰烧蚀后,在复合材料表面形成了一层陶瓷层,其质量烧蚀率为0.04585g/s,线烧蚀率为-0.013mm/s,经二次烧蚀后,复合材料的质量烧蚀率为0.0096g/s。当ZrB2和POSS配合使用改性碳布/酚醛复合材料时,碳布/酚醛复合材料的质量烧蚀率可达0.025g/s,二次质量烧蚀率可达0.0089g/s。     

粒子浓度对C/C复合材料烧蚀行为的影响

为研究不同粒子浓度侵蚀条件下C/C复合材料的烧蚀机理及性能,采用自主研发的氧-煤油烧蚀实验系统对轴棒法编织的C/C复合材料进行烧蚀/侵蚀实验,实验的粒子浓度分别为0,1.37%,2.22%,2.64%。采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察实验后试样的微观形貌,测算了试样的烧蚀率,研究了粒子浓度对材料烧蚀率的影响规律,分析了材料的烧蚀机理。结果表明:不加粒子时试样的质量烧蚀率仅为0.159g/s,线烧蚀率为0.175mm/s,加入粒子后质量烧蚀率与线烧蚀率的最小值分别为0.432g/s和0.843mm/s,且随粒子浓度的增加,烧蚀率均加速增加。粒子的侵蚀作用加剧了试样的烧蚀,冲刷面上径向纤维的烧蚀梯度随粒子浓度的增加而增大。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to