基于随机变分推理贝叶斯神经网络的发电机轴承故障诊断

近年来,许多基于深度学习的方法被用于故障诊断领域,并且取得了良好的效果,但是发电机故障样本数据难以获取,在数据量较少的情况下,基于深度学习的方法存在过拟合现象,导致模型泛化能力差、诊断精度不高.为了解决这一问题,提出一种基于随机变分推理贝叶斯神经网络的故障诊断方法.该方法以贝叶斯推理与随机变分推理为基础,可以根据少量数据得到较为可靠的模型,获得网络各层参数的概率分布,有效解决过拟合的问题.采用证据下限(evidence lower bound, ELBO)派生类函数TraceGraph ELBO进行随机变分推理,解决派生类函数Trace ELBO诊断精度较低的问题.将所提方法应用于发电机轴承的故障诊断,并与其他方法对比,结果表明,所提方法在故障样本数据量较少的情况下具有较高的诊断性能.     

降雨量传感器的故障诊断方法研究

降雨量的测量对气象预报及防汛减灾具有重要作用,因此当降雨量传感器发生故障时需要能快速修复。而目前应用最广泛的翻斗式降雨量传感器其故障类型多样,致使故障诊断难度大。为此,本文提出一种基于故障树理论与灰色关联法的降雨量传感器故障诊断新方法,采用故障树理论及灰色关联分析法建立了专家系统,通过故障知识获取、故障树建立、灰色关联度获取、知识库构建和推理机推理设计,实现了降雨量传感器的故障诊断。试验验证表明,该方法故障诊断快速准确,实现系统自动诊断替代人工检测与排查,准确率可达到90%以上,提高了降雨量传感器的诊断与维修效率。     

一种基于贝叶斯网络的模型诊断方法

提出一种结合贝叶斯网络进行基于模型诊断的方法.在基于模型诊断的基础上,建立了元件状态模型,并将诊断模型转换为贝叶斯网络,利用团树算法求解征兆产生时系统状态的后验概率,再通过计算边缘分布获得元件故障概率.最后给出一个数字故障电路的实例,在Matlab上进行推理,得到了精确的概率值,验证了该方法的有效性.     

一种非线性系统的传感器故障检测与诊断新方法

基于一种非线性系统的伪偏差分离估计算法和贝叶斯分类算法,给出了一种非线性系统 的传感器故障检测与诊断的新方法.对一个大型造纸机采用实际模型进行的数值仿真表明, 该方法非常适用于工业系统传感器的在线故障检测与诊断.     

多功能自确认传感器

提出了多功能自确认传感器.这种传感器具有多功能传感器和自确认传感器的特点,它可以检测多个物理量,对自身工作状态进行在线评估,并以给出测量值的不确定度;它具有故障自诊断功能,当发生故障时对输出数据进行重构,实现数据恢复.探讨了多功能自确认传感器的关键技术及发展方向,最后介绍了一种测量温度、湿度和甲烷气体浓度的多功能自确认...     

基于贝叶斯网络和多传感器的障碍物识别系统

针对无人车获得的障碍物信息的不确定性和不完整性以及贝叶斯分类器对不完整信息比较敏感等不足,选择了贝叶斯网络分类方案。该方案在构建贝叶斯网络模型时,将贝叶斯推理运用其中,提高了贝叶斯网络的识别率。该分类系统依托某研究所无人车项目,通过激光雷达和CCD传感器获取障碍物实时信息,为网络模型提供数据信息。     

一种基于贝叶斯Petri网的故障诊断方法

针对Petri网在分析复杂电力系统时的容错性差且难以适应网络拓扑变化的问题,提出一种贝叶斯Petri网模型(BPN),并基于该模型提出一种电网故障诊断方法.该方法通过电力系统网络拓扑分析确定停电区域,随后按照故障蔓延方向对停电区域内的元件分别建立BPN模型,应用Petri网推理和贝叶斯概率计算确定故障元件,最后采用均值方法对各方向上的分析结果进行融合,诊断分析表明,该方法在信息不完备的情况下具有较好的容错性,并且在网络拓扑结构发生变化后仍具有较好的适应性.由于BPN推理时根据基于统计的先验概率求取元件故障的发生概率,避免了直接对计算参数进行设定的主观性.     

融合多种算法的堆垛机诊断专家系统

针对堆垛机设备在运行过程中呈现的复杂性、不确定性等问题,设计了基于故障树和贝叶斯网络的混合诊断专家系统。采用故障树分析技术对堆垛机进行故障建模,得到最小割集,建立了以规则为知识表示形式的规则库。根据输入的故障征兆系统自动寻找匹配的故障事实库,建立了以该事件作为顶事件的故障树,并转化得到相应的贝叶斯网络,形成了基于规则的推理和贝叶斯网络的概率计算混合诊断机制。该方法有效利用了故障树分析和贝叶斯网络两种算法的优势,为复杂机器的故障诊断提供了一种新途径。试验表明,该系统有效解决了传统诊断专家系统存在的推理模式单一、知识获取困难等问题。概率计算混合诊断机制是一种快速诊断堆垛机的可行方式。     

基于神经网络信息融合的智能故障诊断方法

飞行状态时的飞机舵面故障诊断系统,含有系统和测量噪声及其时变、非线性等特点,采用常规的故障诊断方法很难实现对飞机舵面故障的准确诊断和告警,为了更好的实现对飞机舵面系统的故障诊断,将神经网络信息融合的智能故障诊断方法首次运用到舵面系统故障诊断中.该智能诊断方法应用神经网络的非线性拟合能力扩展舵面相关线位移传感器测量信息,同时采用D-S算法将相关传感器的输出信息进行融合,最后信息融合诊断策略根据这些信息确定出舵面相应的故障类型,从而可以对舵面故障信号进行有效识别和诊断.建立了某机舵面系统故障诊断的数学模型,并利用该模型对提出的智能故障诊断方法进行仿真验证,最后的仿真实验结果表明:该故障诊断结构形式对于舵面常见的故障能够进行识别和告警,诊断效果令人满意.     

基于Bayesian Network列控系统超速故障的分析

列控系统非常复杂,在对其进行故障分析时,自身的特质决定了用传统的故障树在对其进行故障分析时会产生局限性;为此文中引入了贝叶斯网络技术,充分利用其推理算法成熟、理论基础非常完备、学习能力非常强的优势,将事件树中各环节的故障树用贝叶斯网络进行描述;利用贝叶斯网络工具箱(BNT)对列车超速故障进行因果和诊断推理分析,通过数值计算结果得出所在不同场景下故障发生的主要原因,并提出减少故障发生概率相应的措施。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。