微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱技术测定螺旋藻中铁、锌、镁、钙、钾、钠、铜、锰等微量元素

用微波消解技术对螺旋藻试样进行预处理,针对样品高蛋白特性,优化较佳的微波消解条件与参数,建立了用微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收法测定螺旋藻中铁、锌、镁、钙、钾、钠、铜、锰等微量元素的测定方法。该方法可减少样品预处理过程的损失,具有准确、快捷、方便的特点,回收率达96．4％-101．2％;RSD为0．8%-2．5％。     

Diabetes during Pregnancy: A Maternal Disease Complicating the Course of Pregnancy with Long-Term Deleterious Effects on the Offspring. A Clinical Review

In spite of the huge progress in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, we are still in the situation that both pregestational (PGDM) and gestational diabetes (GDM) impose an additional risk to the embryo, fetus, and course of pregnancy. PGDM may increase the rate of congenital malformations, especially cardiac, nervous system, musculoskeletal system, and limbs. PGDM may interfere with fetal growth, often causing macrosomia, but in the presence of severe maternal complications, especially nephropathy, it may inhibit fetal growth. PGDM may also induce a variety of perinatal complications such as stillbirth and perinatal death, cardiomyopathy, respiratory morbidity, and perinatal asphyxia. GDM that generally develops in the second half of pregnancy induces similar but generally less severe complications. Their severity is higher with earlier onset of GDM and inversely correlated with the degree of glycemic control. Early initiation of GDM might even cause some increase in the rate of congenital malformations. Both PGDM and GDM may cause various motor and behavioral neurodevelopmental problems, including an increased incidence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Most complications are reduced in incidence and severity with the improvement in diabetic control. Mechanisms of diabetic-induced damage in pregnancy are related to maternal and fetal hyperglycemia, enhanced oxidative stress, epigenetic changes, and other, less defined, pathogenic mechanisms.     

乙酰肝素酶在妊娠期高血压疾病大鼠肾脏的表达及低分子量肝素干预治疗

目的观察妊娠期高血压疾病大鼠肾脏组织中乙酰肝素酶的表达变化及低分子量肝素的干预效应,探讨乙酰肝素酶在妊娠期高血压疾病肾脏损害发生过程中的作用。方法建立正常妊娠大鼠模型,妊娠期高血压疾病模型大鼠和低分子量肝素干预大鼠模型,采用免疫组化SABC法测定3组模型孕21d肾脏组织中乙酰肝素酶的表达。结果与正常妊娠组相比,妊娠期高血压疾病模型组大鼠肾脏组织中乙酰肝素酶的表达显著升高(P<0.01),平均动脉压和尿蛋白排泄明显增加(P<0.01)。与妊娠期高血压疾病模型组相比,低分子量肝素干预组大鼠肾脏组织中乙酰肝素酶的表达显著降低(P<0.01),平均动脉压和尿蛋白排泄明显降低(P<0.01)。结论肾脏组织中乙酰肝素酶的表达与妊娠期高血压疾病肾脏损害的发生发展有关,低分子量肝素对妊娠期高血压疾病肾脏损害具有一定的防治作用。     

漆膜厚度等因素对测定涂料中可溶性铅、铬含量的影响

用火焰原子吸收法测定涂料中可溶性铅、铬含量,在室温、盐酸酸度、搅拌速度等条件恒定的情况下,考察了漆膜厚度、粉碎颗粒大小对实验结果的影响。试验表明测试结果受漆膜厚度、粉碎颗粒大小的影响很大。     

Effects of B-Cell Lymphoma on the Immune System and Immune Recovery after Treatment: The Paradigm of Targeted Therapy

B-cell lymphoma and lymphoproliferative diseases represent a heterogeneous and complex group of neoplasms that are accompanied by a broad range of immune regulatory disorder phenotypes. Clinical features of autoimmunity, hyperinflammation, immunodeficiency and infection can variously dominate, depending on the immune pathway most involved. Immunological imbalance can play a role in lymphomagenesis, also supporting the progression of the disease, while on the other hand, lymphoma acts on the immune system to weaken immunosurveillance and facilitate immunoevasion. Therefore, the modulation of immunity can have a profound effect on disease progression or resolution, which makes the immune system a critical target for new therapies. In the current therapeutic scenario enriched by chemo-free regimens, it is important to establish the effect of various drugs on the disease, as well as on the restoration of immune functions. In fact, treatment of B-cell lymphoma with passive immunotherapy that targets tumor cells or targets the tumor microenvironment, together with adoptive immunotherapy, is becoming more frequent. The aim of this review is to report relevant data on the evolution of the immune system during and after treatment with targeted therapy of B-cell lymphomas.     

The Effects of Concentration, Relative Permittivity and Temperature on the Transport Properties of Sodium Polystyrenesulphonate in Methanol–Water Mixed Solvent Media

Precise measurements on the electrical conductivity of solutions of sodium polystyrenesulphonate in methanol–water mixed solvent media containing 8, 16, 25, and 34 wt.% of methanol at 308.15, 313.15, 318.15, and 323.15 K are reported. The degree of substitution of sodium polystyrenesulphonate used was 1, and the concentrations were varied from ∼2.0 × 10⁻⁴ to ∼4.0 × 10⁻³ monomol l⁻¹. The results showed a slight and monotonous increase in the equivalent conductivity with decreasing polyelectrolyte concentration. The applicability of the Manning’s theory for salt-free polyelectrolyte solution was examined and a major discrepancy against the theory was observed. The calculated values of the equivalent conductivity deduced on the basis of this theory were found to be lower than the experimental ones. Possible reasons for this discrepancy have been discussed. The effects of the temperature and relative permittivity of the medium on the equivalent conductivity were also investigated. Estimation of the fractions of uncondensed counterions provides important insight regarding the solution behavior of the polyelectrolyte in methanol–water mixtures.     

The Effects of BSA-Stabilized Selenium Nanoparticles and Sodium Selenite Supplementation on the Structure,Oxidative Stress Parameters and Selenium Redox Biology in Rat Placenta

The chemical element selenium (Se) is a nonmetal that is in trace amounts indispensable for normal cellular functioning. During pregnancy, a low Se status can increase the risk of oxidative stress. However, elevated concentrations of Se in the body can also cause oxidative stress. This study aimed to compare the effects of BSA-stabilized Se nanoparticles (SeNPs, Se⁰) (BSA-bovine serum albumin) and inorganic sodium selenite (NaSe, Se⁺⁴) supplementation on the histological structure of the placenta, oxidative stress parameters and the total placental Se concentration of Wistar rats during pregnancy. Pregnant females were randomized into four groups: (i) intact controls; (ii) controls that were dosed by daily oral gavage with 8.6% bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 0.125 M vit C; (iii) the SeNP group that was administered 0.5 mg of SeNPs stabilized with 8.6% BSA and 0.125 M vit C/kg bw/day by oral gavage dosing; (iv) the NaSe group, gavage dosed with 0.5 mg Na₂SeO₃/kg bw/day. The treatment of pregnant females started on gestational day one, lasted until day 20, and on day 21 of gestation, the fetuses with the placenta were removed from the uterus. Our findings show that the mode of action of equivalent concentrations of Se in SeNPs and NaSe depended on its redox state and chemical structure. Administration of SeNPs (Se⁰) increased fetal lethality and induced changes in the antioxidative defense parameters in the placenta. The accumulation of Se in the placenta was highest in SeNP-treated animals. All obtained data indicate an increased bioavailability of Se in its organic nano form and Se⁰ redox state in comparison to its inorganic sodium selenite form and Se⁺⁴ redox state.