高产刺糖菌素发酵菌株的选育

采用紫外线结合氯化锂以及硫酸二乙酯结合氯化锂2种常规诱变方法对刺糖多孢菌进行复合诱变,分别筛选鼠李糖抗性突变株、2-脱氧-D-葡萄糖抗性突变株和刺糖菌素抗性突变株,并结合自然分离纯化,最终获得高产菌株D-S-23,其产量达N89.57 mg/L,较出发菌株提高了104.3%.     

恩拉霉素高产菌株的筛选

从原始生产菌BKSFJ06出发,对其进行了紫外诱变、氯化锂与紫外复合诱变、亚硝基胍诱变和亚硝基胍与紫外的复合诱变及恩拉霉素抗性筛选工作,用HPLC检测方法,以恩拉霉素的产量为指标,筛选高产菌株。最终筛选出的最优突变菌株ERS42-101108产量提高了50%,且该菌株具有良好的遗传稳定性。通过实验内容可以看出,通过亚硝基胍和紫外复合诱变的方法,抗自身产物定向筛选出的突变株具有较优良的性质。     

特色发酵原料药建设项目

正该项目位于山东省邹城市工业园区山东鲁抗医药股份有限公司厂区内,由山东鲁抗医药股份有限公司投资建设,新建特色发酵原料药建设项目。项目包括大观霉素发酵提取车间、大观霉素成品车间、动力车间、循环水泵房、成品库、原料库一、原料库二。年生产大观霉素原料药24万十亿,其中年产盐酸大观霉素无菌粉1.2万十亿、年产盐酸大观霉素非无菌粉11.4万十亿、年产硫酸大观霉素非无菌粉11.4万十亿。建设周期2016-2017。项目总投资29617.76万元。     

一种快速诱变筛选雷帕霉素生产菌的方法

研究了一种复合诱变获得雷帕霉素生产菌——吸水链霉菌(Streptomyces hygroscopicus)高产突变株的方法。采用低剂量紫外诱变复合新型常压室温等离子体(ARTP)诱变技术构建雷帕霉素生产菌的诱变育种体系,获得高产雷帕霉素生产菌突变株,经两次复筛,效价较出发菌株提高18.4%。该方法大幅度减少了筛选量,正突变率高达70.59%,可以较短时间内提高雷帕霉素发酵单位,降低生产成本。     

水产环境中一株多抗生素抗性菌的分离与耐药鉴定

目的:从水产养殖污水中分离潜在抗生素抗性菌,研究其耐药特性。方法:富集和纯化目标菌种,观察菌种形态,测定16S rDNA序列和比较同源性,鉴定菌株的生长特性、抗生素抗性和抗性极限。结果:在水产养殖场鱼塘底部的成熟活性淤泥与水混合液中,筛选分离出一株双抗生素抗性菌(头孢霉素+青霉素抗性),其适宜生长环境偏酸性。16S rDNA序列分析和革兰氏染色分析显示该菌株是变形菌门苍白杆菌属的革兰氏阴性菌,无芽孢。同时该菌株对四环素、头孢霉素、青霉素、卡那霉素、氯霉素均存在抗性。结论:本论文研究结果表明,水产养殖场因使用抗生素,在其底泥中更易沉积多抗生素抗性菌。     

顶空气相色谱法测定硫酸大观霉素中有机溶剂残留量

目的:建立硫酸大观霉素中有机溶媒的分离测定方法.方法:采用顶空进样毛细管气相色谱法,以水为溶解介质,色谱柱为HP-INNOWax,载气为氮气,FID检测器,测定了硫酸大观霉素中甲醇、丙酮的残留量.结果:该方法分离效果好,方法灵敏、准确.结论:本实验建立的气相色谱法可用于硫酸大观霉素中有机溶媒的分离测定.     

注射用盐酸大观霉素稳定性实验研究

以性状、澄明度、含量、pH值、有关物质为指标,考察注射用盐酸大观霉素的稳定性.根据稳定性考察结果,注射用盐酸大观霉素的有效期为两年.     

棘白霉素B脱酰基酶产生菌转化条件的优化研究

为提高棘白霉素B脱酰基酶产生菌的转化率,通过紫外诱变复合Cu2+抗性处理筛选转化高产菌种,利用均匀设计方法优化菌种的转化工艺。结果表明,筛选得到的突变株132#的棘白霉素B转化率比出发菌株提高了22.6%,优化后的转化条件为:底物浓度2 400μg·mL-1,转化时间56h,转化温度30℃,发酵培养基pH值6.0。132#菌株在优化转化条件下的转化率较出发菌株在原始转化条件下提高了57.3%。优化的转化条件更有利于高产菌株的转化,转化率得到大幅提高,也为其工业化应用打下基础。     

低能离子注入诱变美伐他汀高产菌株的选育

以提高美伐他汀的产量为目的,利用100 keV氮离子分4个剂量并辅之以制霉菌素抗性平板筛选美伐他汀高产菌株.结果表明:注入剂量为1 ×1014 N /cm2时在10 u g/mL制霉菌素抗性平板上的菌株的正变率最高,达到36.7%.筛选到了高抗性突变株CP-116,该菌株的发酵单位比出发菌株高35%,且遗传性能稳定.实验表明离子注入技术对选育美伐他汀高产菌株方面行之有效.     

泰乐菌素高产菌株的筛选

以弗氏链霉菌(Streptomyces fradiae)TP-116菌株作为出发菌株,采用紫外线、氯化锂和微波三重复合诱变,通过泰乐菌素抗性定向筛选,获得一株高产菌株YBT-06,并对其进行了遗传稳定性试验,结果表明突变株YBT-06生产代谢旺盛,遗传稳定性好,发酵效价比出发菌株提高了25%,达到11066μg/m L。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.