异步电机等效电路的简明推导及分析

很多电气传动类教材对异步电机等效电路缺乏简明推导。该文通过异步电机化理想变压器和异步电机电压方程等效变换,推导了常用的异步电机稳态等效电路和动态等效电路。分析了矢量控制不对称T型动态等效电路和直接转矩控制г型动态等效电路特定的物理意义。该方法易于理解,给设计矢量控制和直接转矩控制提供更直观的数学模型。     

基于自定义模型的变压器纵差动保护PSCAD仿真

为了减少变压器的继电保护设计、整定计算存在的误差,提出一种根据内部漏抗参数等值计算与短路阻抗实际参数测定相结合的方法,利用曲线拟合技术,得出变压器在不同故障条件下的精确等值短路阻抗参数。在此基础上,采用FORTRAN语言接口技术,在PSCAD/EMTDC中,结合实际数字式变压器保护装置建立了主保护及后备保护的精确短路阻抗自定义模型,并利用等值系统模型对变压器线圈内部不同位置的对地短路、匝间短路、相间短路分别进行了仿真计算。结果表明,采用新型的拟合方法及自定义元件能准确地模拟并分析变压器内部故障及继电保护装置的动作行为,为继电保护的原理设计及实际应用提供科学依据。     

一体成型电感设计仿真软件的开发与应用

参考罐形磁芯等效磁路和环形电感计算公式和磁力线分布,给出一体成型电感等效磁路和感量计算公式。用Visual BASIC 6.0语言编译了一体成型电感线圈结构设计仿真软件,给出该软件的结构、特点及其使用方法。用该软件对几种一体成型电感进行了仿真计算,并制作出器件,仿真结果与实验测试结果的差异在10%以内。使用此软件可缩短电感设计周期、提高效率,还可以计算出一体成型电感的直流电阻,对器件的温升预判有一定参考价值。     

高频继电器信号路径分布参数提取方法的研究

高频继电器信号路径的分布参数是影响继电器射频(RF)性能的主要因素。通过对基于分布参数的等效电路进行分析,可以优化继电器RF性能,而分布参数的准确提取是正确建立等效电路的基础。本文对于高频继电器信号路径的均匀区域应用经典传输线理论进行分布参数提取,对于尺寸突变、结构不连续等非均匀区域应用部分元等效电路(PEEC)等方法进行提取,得到了完整信号路径的分布电容、电感、电阻值。对基于分布参数的等效电路进行仿真,得到了继电器插入损耗及电压驻波比(VSWR)曲线。     

Advanced filter design technique based on equivalent circuits and coupling matrix segmentation

This paper presents a technique for the efficient design of bandpass waveguide microwave filters using a segmentation technique applied to an equivalent circuit. The technique is based on first developing an equivalent circuit that synthesizes the desired transfer function. Then, the different parts of the real physical structure are optimized by segmenting this equivalent circuit. The technique was originally developed for in‐line filters, and the main contribution of this paper is in the combination of this technique with the coupling matrix formalism. In this way, we adapt for the first time this design strategy to the design of complex coupling topologies, beyond the in‐line configuration. As an example, a complex sixth‐order dual‐mode filter, implemented in all‐inductive waveguide technology, is designed using the new coupling matrix segmentation technique, showing the effectiveness of the presented theory. A prototype of the filter has been manufactured, and the accuracy of the design technique is verified by measurements on the real prototype.     

Circuit modeling of the electro-thermal behavior of nanoscale bulk-FinFETs

Because the selfheating effect (SE) influences the performance and reliability of gate oxide and interconnect lines, and SE is affected by circuit operation such as operating frequency, the spatial distribution and dynamic behaviors of SE are important in a robust circuit design. In this work, we propose new thermal equivalent circuit model of ITRS roadmap based 5 nm bulk-FinFETs, which is based on analysis of the Boltzmann phonon transport and commercial 3D-technology computer-aided design simulation. By implementing the proposed model into a SPICE circuit simulator, circuit designers can co-optimize the electro-thermal behaviors of nanoscale bulk-FinFETs at the circuit level.     

Equivalent circuit for RF flexural free-free MEMS resonators

A method to extract a lumped-parameter equivalent circuit for a free-free flexural MEMS resonator, based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam equation and exploiting a modal analysis approach, is presented. The dynamic behaviour predicted by the equivalent circuit is compared with FEM simulations, and the effect of a geometrical mismatch is investigated as well. The resonance frequency and the quality factor are correctly predicted. The method could be used for more complex systems of interconnected beams. The circuit can be used as a quick and intuitive analysis tool for the system-level designer and to allow the simulation of the device in a system-level design environment.     

大气压下同轴圆柱反应器DBD等效电路模型参数预测

大气压下同轴圆柱反应器介质阻挡放电在气体处理领域应用广泛。反应器等效电路模型是高性能介质阻挡放电电源设计的关键。然而,反应器等效电路模型参数随工作状况而非线性变化,这增加了复杂工况下系统精准设计的难度。针对这一问题,在非线性钳位等效模型的基础上采用遗传算法优化的神经网络对反应器等效模型参数进行预测。以系统的电压幅值、工作频率、气体流速和气体温度作为模型输入,以非线性钳位模型的钳位电压、介质等效电容和气隙等效电容作为模型输出。实验结果表明,在较宽的预测范围内,该方法保持较高的预测精度。利用该方法在全局范围内对反应器介质阻挡放电等效模型参数进行预测,可以为复杂工况下的电源设计提供更准确的反应器等效模型。     

基于电磁耦合双线圈模型电磁斥力机构结构参数的优化分析

针对现有电磁斥力机构等效计算方法无法有效应用的问题,提出了一种电磁耦合双线圈模型的等效计算方法。等效模型主要包括驱动回路与感应回路两部分,在基本电路方程之外,引入了电磁斥力与机械运动的计算。通过合理的简化,对等效模型中集肤深度、线圈电阻、线圈自感、线圈互感等参数进行辨识。在此基础上,以某型1 000 V/400 A电磁斥力机构样机为算例,采用时域迭代的离散算法较为系统地分析了两线圈内径、径向厚度以及斥力线圈匝数、轴向厚度等对机构效率和动子行程的影响规律。所得到的规律性认识可有效指导电磁斥力机构的优化设计。     

异步电机的非线性建模与仿真

本文提出了一种基于静止直角坐标系的简单、实用的非线性感应电机模型,具有相对简练的表达方式和令人满意的精度.模型利用虚拟的"线性磁链",引入非线性饱和因子考虑电机磁链饱和影响,并用并联电阻计入涡流和磁滞损耗.在电机设计信息未知的情况下,所述模型参数可以很容易地使用传统的电机实验(空载和短路)获取.文中还介绍了使用该模型进行仿真的方法,适合用C/C 语言或simulink中的S函数编程实现.数值仿真和实验结果验证了模型的实用性和有效性.     

用准精确等效电路计算异步电动机的性能

本文对在异步电机精确等效电路中令r_m=0的准精确等效电路进行了实例分析计算,同时用精确和简化等效电路进行了对比计算.结果表明,用准精确等效电路计算,电磁转矩T_m,最大转矩T_(max)及发生最大转矩时的转差率S_m等,可用简捷的实数形式表达,且有关电机各项性能的计算结果与用精确等效电路计算出的结果十分接近,这给实际应用带来了很大方便.     

峰值电流控制的非理想直流变换器的建模

应用电路平均建模的新方法建立了非理想Buck-Boost变换器的小信号模型,考虑了功率管的开通电阻、二极管的正向压降和正向电阻、电感的等效串联电阻、电容的等效串联电阻。在此基础上,进一步推导了此电路在峰值电流控制下的等效功率级的精确模型.此模型适用于电感电流脉动较大.存在斜坡补偿的情况.比一阶模型具有更高的精度。     

介质阻挡放电型臭氧发生器等效电路研究

对正弦波电流供电的介质阻挡放电(BDB)型臭氧发生器的工作特性进行了详细地分析，对发生器放电气隙电压进行了傅里叶级数分解，给出了气隙电压的基波分量描述，提出一种新的DBD型臭氧发生器基波等效电路，并定义了BDB型臭氧发生器的几个特性参数。对正弦波电流供电DBD型臭氧发生器的电气特性进行了深入研究。给出了利用DBD型臭氧发生器的基波等效电路和电气特性设计电源的过程和实验结果。理论分析和实验结果证明了提出的DBD臭氧发生器基波等效电路的正确性和用基波等效电路电气特性设计供电电源的可行性。     

Development and experimental validation of automatic conversion procedure from mechanical to electrical connection for MEMS equivalent circuit

This paper describes equivalent circuit for micro electromechanical system (MEMS) using a type of behavior model for expressing mechanical and electromechanical element within circuit simulation, in order to simulate their dynamic behaviors easily. To fully treat the equivalent circuit as the behavior model, the equivalent interconnection expression for mechanical splice is required. In this work, a new approach has been proposed for converting the system composed of mechanical and electromechanical elements to equivalent circuit expression. This approach consists of substitution of unit equivalent elements and conversion of each equivalent interconnection for mechanical splices. We applied graph theory for equivalent interconnection. With this approach, complex MEMS consisting of a number of transducers and mechanical elements can be easily converted into equivalent circuits. In order to validate this approach, the resonant property of electrostatic comb-drive actuator was simulated using the equivalent circuit generated and measured experimentally. The simulated resonant frequency was in good agreement with the measurement and the admittance characteristics were well described using this circuit with a consideration of coupling capacitances at the comb electrodes. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

永磁机构操作线圈等效电路的建模

从电路角度分析了永磁操动机构的线圈电流波形与动铁心行程间的关系,采用分段线性化的思想,建立了操作线圈的两种等效电路模型。根据实际机构仿真设计中给出的操作线圈电流波形计算出模型中各段电路参数,并对线圈中的电流波形进行了拟合。将其与同一机构的仿真设计波形和操作实验结果进行比较后证明,用这种方法建立电路模型、计算电路参数是正确可行的。所提出的电路模型可用于永磁机构操作控制器中线圈电路的仿真设计,特别是选择电力电子器件及其保护电路参数。     

Lagrangian‐based equivalent circuit of basic electric‐field coupling wireless power transfer system

Electric‐field coupling wireless power transfer has been commonly analyzed using the circuit model. However, the circuit behavior of this model is not necessarily apparent because their resonant modes can be far complicated than the basic LC oscillation. This issue is addressed in this paper by proposing a novel equivalent circuit for a basic wireless power transfer system. This equivalent circuit has a simpler topology than the conventional circuit model. Furthermore, the equivalent circuit allows intuitive understanding of three types of the resonant modes. Along with theoretical derivation of the proposed equivalent circuit, this paper also presents simulation results, which verified the appropriateness of the equivalent circuit. © 2015 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

自动调节系统非线性过渡过程的初值解法

针对系统中某些环节的饱和特性而引起的非线性过渡过程,本文提出一种初值解法。以给定积分器电路和双闭环晶闸管供电直流调速系统中等效速度环调节回路为例,说明求解过程。实践表明,和通常的电力拖动自动控制系统的工程设计方法比较,本解法更符合系统的实际调节规律。     

SRAM circuit-failure modeling and reliability simulation with SPICE

Based on some new accelerated lifetime models and failure equivalent circuit modeling techniques for the common semiconductor wear out mechanisms, simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (SPICE) can be used to characterize CMOS VLSI circuit failure behaviors and perform reliability simulation. This paper used a simple SRAM circuit as an example to demonstrate how to apply SPICE to circuit reliability modeling, simulation, analysis, and design. The SRAM circuit, implemented with a commercial 0.25-/spl mu/m technology, consists of functional blocks of 1-bit six-transistor cell, precharge, read/write control, and sense amplifier. The SRAM operation sequence of "write 0, read 0, write 1, read 1" was first simulated in SPICE to obtain the terminal voltage and current stress profiles of each transistor. Then, normalized lifetimes of all transistors in terms of each failure mechanism were calculated with the corresponding accelerated lifetime models. These lifetime values were sorted to single out the most damaged transistors. Finally, the selected transistors were substituted with failure equivalent circuit models, and SPICE simulations were performed again to characterize the circuit performance, functionality, and failure behaviors. The simulation shows that the 0.25-/spl mu/m technology, hot-carrier injection (HCI), and time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) had significant effects on SRAM-cell stability and voltage-transfer characteristics, while negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) mainly degraded the cell transition speed when the cell state flipped. This illustrative SRAM simulation work proves that, with SPICE and the failure equivalent circuit models, circuit designers can better understand the damage effects of HCI/TDDB/NBTI on the circuit operation, quickly estimate the circuit lifetime, make appropriate performance/reliability tradeoffs, and formulate practical design guidelines to improve the circuit reliability.     

Modeling and Analysis of Thermoelectric Modules

The objective of this paper is to develop a SPICE- compatible equivalent circuit of a thermoelectric module. A methodology is developed for extracting the parameters of the proposed model from manufacturers' data of thermoelectric coolers (TECs) and thermoelectric generators (TEGs). The model could be helpful in analyzing the drive requirements of TECs and loading effects of TEGs. The present model is compatible with PSPICE or other electric circuit simulators. An important feature of the model is its ability to generate small-signal transfer functions that can be used to design feedback networks for temperature control applications     

IGCT变流器吸收箝位电路的参数设计

近年来对风机容量的要求出现了爆发式增长,已达3~7 MW。此外,并网谐波控制、低电压过渡等风机并网标准越来越严苛。以集成门极换流晶闸管(integrated gatecommutated thyristor,IGCT)为核心的中压直驱全功率变流装置既可满足风机的大容量要求,又能灵活实现电网故障过渡、电网无功支撑等要求,成为大容量风机的最优选择。在IGCT变流器中,箝位电路的参数将直接影响器件SOA、最小脉宽与并网电流质量,是风机功率模块设计中十分重要的部分。提出一套IGCT变流器吸收箝位电路的优化设计方法,显著简化了箝位电路的设计过程。在对箝位电路换流工况进行详细分析的基础上,提出了箝位电路的等效电路。根据等效电路进行了响应分析,综合考虑箝位电路的设计原则,找到了优化参数的选取方法,从而降低了最小脉宽限制,提高了动态恢复速度。给出了设计实例,并进行了仿真与实验验证。