离子交换膜的应用技术

离子交换膜具有分离效果好、能耗少和环保等特点,已经逐渐被应用于化工、海水脱盐、废水治理等领域。根据离子交换膜的分离机理不同,可将其在水处理中的应用分为电渗析、扩散渗析和Donnan渗析等三种,对三种分离方法的机理作了详细介绍,并举例说明了离子交换膜在水处理中的巨大潜力。     

浸入型分离工程双语教学体会

本文分析了分离工程双语教学的必要性与可能性。基于华东理工大学化工学院双语教学的实践,我们的课件宜细不宜粗,讲义要严格符合课堂教学,教师要有充分的自信专注于教学内容,课后要给学生的练习提供充分的支持材料。     

Synthesis of separation processes by using case-based reasoning

The paper presents a new approach to chemical process synthesis, case-based reasoning (CBR). CBR is based on the reuse of proven process solutions, which are used for solving new problems. Examples are given to demonstrate the principles of conceptual reasoning of separation systems. The phases of reasoning in this application are: the search for specific separation methods for a single separation phase, search for creative new solutions by using analogies, using negative cases to exclude some solutions, adaptation by engineering formulas and comparison of cases. Two quality factors, maturity and performance, can be used to evaluate the quality of the cases.     

面向21世纪的化工分离工程

从学科发展和科技进步角度评述化工分离工程的发展。生产实践是分离工程学科形成和发展的源泉;分离技术的进步会丰化学工业与相关工业的发展;新分离方法将在高新科技中显露身手。     

《分离工程》双语教学改革的探讨

《分离工程》是化学工程专业的主干课程,文章阐述了《分离工程》双语教学的目标及特点,总结了开设分离工程双语教学过程中的一些经验和体会。双语教学在综合学生的英语能力与专业知识的基础上,确定合理的授课模式。通过对教学环节的综合设计,为双语教学这一新颖的教学模式在《分离工程》教学中的实际应用积累了一定经验。     

Perspektiven für die Forschung im Chemieingenieurwesen: Die französische Politik

The future of chemical engineering research – the French policy . Future prospects of chemical engineering research are set forth, as they result from discussions organized by the French government. In the first part, the situation in French Research Institutes is briefly described: programmes, structure, financial support and co-operation with industry. In the second part, the role of Chemical Engineering in solving problems in industrial societies is discussed. Prominence is given to cases of successful industrial scaling-up of laboratory processes, with emphasis given to the following: systems approach, modelling methods for fast and safe design, rapid adaptation of process industries to changes in economic conditions, application of chemical engineering concepts to new areas of biology, nutritional and soil sciences, electrochemical, solar and nuclear engineering etc. Problems which remain unsolved and future research topics are presented: heat and mass transfer in multiphase media, exergetic process analysis and causes of exergy losses in unit processes, new separation processes and reactor types, processes based on materials which can be regenerated, and automation of chemical processes.     

基于介电性质差异的微波诱导强化蒸馏分离

具有选择性加热特性的微波辐射场对混合物相对挥发度影响的发现,对基于混合物介电性质差异而实现化工分离新技术的开发和工程强化能起到极大的推动作用。本文梳理了近年来发展的微波场强化化工分离方法,阐述了微波场与各类物质的特殊作用机制,重点介绍了微波场诱导强化极性-非极性混合物蒸馏分离新技术的相关研究。针对微波诱导分离技术在实际应用中亟需解决的关键问题,着重综述了作者课题组在微波诱导分离机理、分离装置与微波腔体结构设计及过程模型方面的研究进展。最后,对微波技术在化工分离过程强化领域应用目前尚存在的问题提出建议,期望对未来通过介电性质差异实现分离的发展方向提供参考。     

食品工程——化工精英应该关注的领域

食品生产与市场是现代经济与国家安全中的重要一环。本文介绍了食品工程的特殊性:食品工程并非是化工原理的简单应用,因为食品是种特殊的物质,其主要组分(包括蛋白质、脂肪及碳水化合物)都是大分子,但拥有普通高分子材料不具备的各种特性。并且,食品中发生的物理化学现象是随时间变化的并且在很大程度上受其水分的影响。本文从食品的微结构特性、水活度及其重要性、食品的分离与纯化、“新兴”的食品加工技术、食品的营养过程工程、纳米技术在食品加工中的应用等方面全面阐述了食品工程与生物工程、化学工程、机械工程、电机工程等学科的交叉与融合。最后通过实例,将化工工程中的喷雾干燥应用于奶粉的生产,指出食品工程今后需解决的问题。作者期望抛砖引玉,有更多的化工精英致力于食品工程的发展。     

Struktursynthese und Optimierung nichtidealer Rektifizierprozesse

Optimization processes with MINLP are inherently capable of dramatically reducing the effort and time required for synthesis and analysis of separation processes. This approach represents an extremely powerful tool whose use, however, requires an understanding of process engineering. The principal advantage of the method lies in the simultaneous optimization of both the structure and also the operating conditions of a process. Reliable convergence to the global optimum requires careful limitation, scaling, and prior assignment of all variables. Starting values can be obtained by thermodynamic analysis of the phase equilibrium and by an overall balancing of the individual separation steps. Heuristic reduction of the superstructure generated on the basis of the preferred separation, appears appropriate given the present status of available models and solution algorithms. Under these conditions, the outer approximation algorithm recommended for this model will find the optimum solution after just a few iteration steps.     

化学工程视野下的电化学能源转换与存储

以风力/太阳能等为代表的间歇性可再生能源发电技术为能源快速发展注入了新的活力和契机。为此,发展这些电能的高效转换与存储体系至关重要,已成为当今世界范围内的重大挑战性课题之一。基于此,本文讨论和展望了化学工程视野下的电化学能源转换与存储技术的未来发展方向,为解决该领域工业化发展中的关键科学和技术问题提供了有效指导,将全面促进电化学能源转换与存储领域的快速发展。文章从化学工程的视角综述了电化学能源转换与存储技术（二次电池、超级电容器、电化学催化等）的国内外研究发展状况,指出并剖析了该体系存在的关键科学/技术问题,主要内容包括电化学能源转换与存储领域中的三传一反、系统工程、分离工程以及绿色节能新策略等。     

Verfahrenstechnik der aeroben Abwasserreinigung. Entwicklungen und Trends

Chemical engineering of aerobic waste water treatment – developments and trends . The present article deals with chemical engineering problems encountered in biological waste water treatment, as seen in research reports published during the last 5 to 10 years. It is seen that important advances in our biological and engineering knowledge of the biological degradation of organic wastes, relating to residence time distribution, concentration of biomass, and the temperature in the activation process have not been given sufficiently consistent attention in practice. Controversial views and possible solutions are indicated. Immobilization (especially with activated charcoal as carrier) offers certain advantages for raising the concentration of biomass in the activation space, this also facilitating separation of the biomass from the purified water. Flotation could offer an alternative. Disposal of the excess activated sludge is nowadays accomplished largely by anaerobic fermentation (bioconversion); the engineering of this step was developed in the 1930's and should be updated at the earliest possible opportunity. This would enhance the appeal of the process because the energetic potential of the biomass could then be fully utilized.     

绿色化学推动分离工程技术的进步——绿色分离工程

绿色化学作为一门从源头上根除污染的化学,已备受世人关注,对绿色化学与技术的研究方兴未艾。作者系统介绍了绿色化学的定义、特征及其任务,并在其基础上提出绿色分离工程的概念,同时详细介绍了膜分离技术、超临界萃取技术、新型吸附技术、反应-分离耦合技术等绿色分离技术的发展。     

空分设备冷箱内管道设计研究

在煤炭化工以及钢铁行业中,空气分离工程是非常关键的支撑部分。空分设备中冷箱内配管设计的水平,会在较大程度上影响空分工程设备的价值实现。随着科技的发展,空分设备的长期正常运行需要高水平的冷箱内管道设计。它可以保障空分设备的稳定运行以及安全可靠。然而,不少因素都会影响冷箱管道设计的水平,应该深入地分析和探讨这些问题,进行科学合理的设计,以稳步提升冷箱内管道设计的水平。     

Progress in molecular-simulation-based research on the effects of interface-induced fluid microstructures on flow resistance

In modern chemical engineering processes, solid interface involvement is the most important component of process intensification techniques, such as nanoporous membrane separation and heterogeneous catalysis. The fundamental mechanism underlying interfacial transport remains incompletely understood given the complexity of heterogeneous interfacial molecular interactions and the high nonideality of the fluid involved. Thus, understanding the effects of interface-induced fluid microstructures on flow resistance is the first step in further understanding interfacial transport. Molecular simulation has become an indispensable method for the investigation of fluid microstructure and flow resistance. Here, we reviewed the recent research progress of our group and the latest relevant works to elucidate the contribution of interface-induced fluid microstructures to flow resistance.We specifically focused on water, ionic aqueous solutions, and alcohol–water mixtures given the ubiquity of these fluid systems in modern chemical engineering processes. We discussed the effects of the interfaceinduced hydrogen bond networks of water molecules, the ionic hydration of ionic aqueous solutions, and the spatial distributions of alcohol and alcohol–water mixtures on flow resistance on the basis of the distinctive characteristics of different fluid systems.     

Microfluidic extraction using two phase laminar flow for chemical and biological applications

We review the state of the art in microfluidic separation technique based two-phase laminar flow with an application focus on chemical and biological sample. As we describe herein, two-phase laminar flow in the microfluidic extraction has several biological and engineering advantages over other methods including high reproducibility, biocompatibility, and selectivity. We review advances in applications of two-phase laminar flow and examine key parameters such as flow rate, phase composition, and surface charge property, how these can affect extract performance with the technology including microfluidic separation system. A special technology focus is given to emerging novel integrative microfluidic extraction, which aims to merge aqueous phase laminar flow and electric field technologies into simple packages. We conclude with a brief discussion of some of the emerging challenges in the field and some of the approaches that are likely to enhance their application.     

化工基础实验特色实验内容的持续建设简

本文主要介绍了本校化工基础实验在持续建设过程中,形成的一些更适合理科专业学生学习的新型分离实验项目。借助本校功能膜研究室的科研平台,将功能膜研究室正在进行的科研工作,或已经形成的科研成果转化到实验教学中来,开设出具有特色的又紧跟前沿的膜分离实验项目,并在实现科研工作到实验内容的转化过程中的积累了一些建设思路和方法。     

双水相系统在抗生素提取和合成中的应用

论述了双水相萃取在各类抗生素浓缩、分离中的应用 ,表明双水相萃取技术不仅能用于生物大分子的分离 ,而且也能用来浓缩含生物小分子物质的发酵液 .概述了双水相系统中的热力学模型和传质研究进展 .提出只有加强药物化学、生物化学、化工工艺和化学工程诸学科间的相互渗透 ,实现学科杂交 ,才是提高传统抗生素产品分离科技含量的正确方向和解决实际问题的重要途径 .对于水溶性产品 ,如抗生素、糖、糖肽等的合成 ,需在水相中进行 ,此处利用双水相系统有其明显优势 .介绍了双水相系统与固定化酶相结合的动力学控制合成头孢力新的实例 ,充分说明了新方法的特点和介绍了实验方法的梗概 .结果表明 ,双相合成远优于单相合成 ,主要体现在降低了产物头孢力新的水解程度 ,有效地提高了其合成收率     

苯硼酸及其衍生物在医药与化工领域的应用研究进展

苯硼酸及其衍生物可以与多羟基化合物（多糖、糖脂、糖蛋白及核苷酸等物质）形成可逆络合物,因此可用于这些物质的识别、分离与检测。综述了苯硼酸及其衍生物在自律式胰岛素给药系统、组织工程、生物物质分离系统以及传感器方面的应用研究进展,展望了苯硼酸及其衍生物在医药与化工领域的广阔前景。     

燃料乙醇工艺的化学工程分析

介绍了乙醇发酵动力学以及乙醇分离过程的研究进展,并从化学工程的角度讨论了燃料乙醇生产中的发酵过程和分离过程,指出贯穿于燃料乙醇生产过程的流体流动、热量传递、质量传递问题与发酵生化反应交织在一起,对燃料乙醇过程产生决定性的影响。提出利用化学工程学的理论及方法研究燃料乙醇生物反应工程的规律、工程放大及流程创新将是一种主要趋势。     

超临界流体技术的应用及研究进展

介绍了超临界流体技术在萃取分离,反应工程,环境保护等方面的应用进展.