QoS routing optimization strategy using genetic algorithm in optical fiber communication networks

This paper describes the routing problems in optical fiber networks, defines five constraints, induces and simplifies the evaluation function and fitness function, and proposes a routing approach based on the genetic algorithm, which includes an operator [OMO] to solve the QoS routing problem in optical fiber communication networks. The simulation results show that the proposed routing method by using this optimal maintain operator genetic algorithm (OMOGA) is superior to the common genetic algorithms (CGA). It not only is robust and efficient but also converges quickly and can be carried out simply, that makes it better than other complicated GA.     

A new and efficient ant-based heuristic method for solving the traveling salesman problem

Abstract: In this paper, we present an efficient metaheuristic approach for solving the problem of the traveling salesman. We introduce the multiple ant clans concept from parallel genetic algorithms to search solution space using different islands to avoid local minima in order to obtain a global minimum for solving the traveling salesman problem. Our simulation results indicate that the proposed novel traveling salesman problem method (called the ACOMAC algorithm) performs better than a promising approach named the ant colony system. This investigation is concerned with a real life logistics system design which optimizes the performance of a logistics system subject to a required service level in the vehicle routing problem. In this work, we also concentrate on developing a vehicle routing model by improving the ant colony system and using the multiple ant clans concept. The simulation results reveal that the proposed method is very effective and potentially useful in solving vehicle routing problems.     

QoS多播路由算法研究

随着当前Intemet的发展和各种多媒体应用的出现,多播技术得到大量应用。多播路由算法主要用来建立一棵性能良好的多播树,并使它能够满足各种业务的服务质量需求。将多种群并行技术和退火技术相结合,克服了基于标准遗传算法的多播路由算法过早收敛和后期搜索速度较慢的缺陷,且使用树状编码方法,提出求解带宽、时延、时延抖动和分组丢失率约束的代价最小多播树的多种群并行退火遗传多播路由算法。对QoS多播路由选择问题进行了描述,给出多种群并行退火多播路由遗传算法和一种有效去除冗余信息的遗传算法编码设计技术,通过仿真实验证明了算法的正确性,分析了算法的时间性能,表明该算法快速有效。     

High-performance MCM routing

The authors describe the multilayer MCM (multichip module) routing problem, and propose an approach for routing high-performance MCMs with the objective of minimizing interconnect delays and crosstalk. They first introduce an approach for rapidly estimating the time-domain response of lossy transmission line trees, and propose a realistic second-order delay model for MCM interconnects. The delay model is used to guide a performance-driven global routing algorithm. Given the 2-D global paths, the next stage is layer assignment. An effective algorithm for constrained layer assignment is developed. Based on the best-known maxcut approximation algorithm (which performs well in practice), a maximal k-color ordering is formulated for minimizing both interlayer and intralayer crosstalk as well as crossings in 3-D MCM substrates. The authors also propose a strategy that exhibits a good tradeoff between circuit performance and design cost, instead of concentrating exclusively on a single objective such as area minimization     

Priority-Based Routing Resource Assignment Considering Crosstalk

Crosstalk has become one of the most critical concerns in very deep sub-micron era. This paper deals with the problem of crosstalk mitigation at both methodological and algorithmic levels. Noting that intermediate operations between global routing and detailed routing are very effective in crosstalk estimation and reduction, the authors propose to incorporate several intermediate steps that are separated in traditional design flow into an integrated routing resource assignment stage, so that the operations could easily cooperate to fully exert their power on crosstalk reduction. An efficient priority-based heuristic algorithm is developed, which works slice by slice. Crosstalk avoidance, and many other aspects that are critical in routing practice including congestion, vias, layer preference, etc., are taken into account. A track reservation strategy is adopted in the algorithm framework to compensate the undesired effects caused by sequential routing. Experimental results on a series of ISPD98 and industrial benchmarks show that the proposed approach is able to reduce capacitive crosstalk by about 70% on average without compromising completion ratio compared with a previously reported graph based algorithm, demonstrating the advantages of the approach.     

串扰最小化的网格模式下的双层通道布线

超深亚微米IC设计中互连线的串扰情况与详细布线方案和信号波形密切相关。基于这一事实，在网格模式下的通道布线算法中建立了最小化串扰的目标函数。提出获得最小化串扰布线方案的方法。与以往算法不同的是，本方法将相邻平行线间信号跳变的方式和频度作为目标函数中的影响因子。可以更准确地估计出布线区内串扰总和的大小。并且通过构造布线生成树的方法求得精简的布线方案。有效地减少了求解具有最小串扰的布线方案的计算量。     

A parallel evolutionary algorithm for the vehicle routing problem with heterogeneous fleet

Nowadays genetic algorithms stand as a trend to solve NP-complete and NP-hard problems. In this paper, we present a new hybrid metaheuristic which uses parallel genetic algorithms and scatter search coupled with a decomposition-into-petals procedure for solving a class of vehicle routing and scheduling problems. The parallel genetic algorithm presented is based on the island model and its performance is evaluated for a heterogeneous fleet problem, which is considered a problem much harder to solve than the homogeneous vehicle routing problem.     

区分服务模型下多目标最优化安全路由算法

将安全度量作为一种QoS参数进行路由选择是目前网络安全路由研究的一个新思路,针对现有方法采用一个安全度量参数描述链路安全性,进行路由选择存在的问题,提出一种多安全度量的链路安全性描述策略,能够更加全面准确地描述网络链路的安全特征;该描述策略应用于区分服务模型下的安全路由选择,并提出了基于改进的非支配遗传算法的多目标最优化安全路由算法求解这一多目标多约束的NP完全问题。随机网络的仿真结果表明,算法能为用户提供安全性能较高的路由,并能满足不同等级要求的服务质量。     

Quantum inspired evolutionary algorithm for ordering problems

This paper proposes a new quantum-inspired evolutionary algorithm for solving ordering problems. Quantum-inspired evolutionary algorithms based on binary and real representations have been previously developed to solve combinatorial and numerical optimization problems, providing better results than classical genetic algorithms with less computational effort. However, for ordering problems, order-based genetic algorithms are more suitable than those with binary and real representations. This is because specialized crossover and mutation processes are employed to always generate feasible solutions. Therefore, this work proposes a new quantum-inspired evolutionary algorithm especially devised for ordering problems (QIEA-O). Two versions of the algorithm have been proposed. The so-called pure version generates solutions by using the proposed procedure alone. The hybrid approach, on the other hand, combines the pure version with a traditional order-based genetic algorithm. The proposed quantum-inspired order-based evolutionary algorithms have been evaluated for two well-known benchmark applications – the traveling salesman problem (TSP) and the vehicle routing problem (VRP) – as well as in a real problem of line scheduling. Numerical results were obtained for ten cases (7 VRP and 3 TSP) with sizes ranging from 33 to 101 stops and 1 to 10 vehicles, where the proposed quantum-inspired order-based genetic algorithm has outperformed a traditional order-based genetic algorithm in most experiments.     

新型遗传模拟退火算法求解带VRPTW问题

为了克服现有遗传算法不能有效求解时间窗车辆路径问题的缺陷,提出了一种由遗传算法结合模拟退火算法的混合算法求解该问题,并与遗传算法进行了比较。该算法利用了模拟退火算法具有较强的局部搜索能力的特性,有效地克服了传统遗传算法的“早熟收敛”问题。实验结果表明,该算法具有计算效率高、收敛速度快和求解质量优的特点,是解决车辆路径问题的有效方法。     

基于动态变异遗传算法的组播路由算法

具有时延约束的组播路由问题已被证明是NP-完全问题。论文提出了一种基于动态变异遗传算法的组播路由算法,用来解决带时延约束的组播路由问题。通过计算机仿真分析和与同类算法的比较,此算法收敛速度快,不易陷入早熟,具有很强的鲁棒性和实用性。     

A hybrid heuristic to solve the parallel machines job-shop scheduling problem

This paper presents an advanced software system for solving the flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) scheduling in a job-shop environment with routing flexibility, where the assignment of operations to identical parallel machines has to be managed, in addition to the traditional sequencing problem. Two of the most promising heuristics from nature for a wide class of combinatorial optimization problems, genetic algorithms (GA) and ant colony optimization (ACO), share data structures and co-evolve in parallel in order to improve the performance of the constituent algorithms. A modular approach is also adopted in order to obtain an easy scalable parallel evolutionary-ant colony framework. The performance of the proposed framework on properly designed benchmark problems is compared with effective GA and ACO approaches taken as algorithm components.     

Crosstalk-Aware Routing Resource Assignment

Crosstalk noise is one of the emerging issues in deep sub-micrometer technology which causes many undesired effects on the circuit performance. In this paper, a Crosstalk-Aware Routing Resource Assignment (CARRA) algorithm is proposed, which integrates the routing layers and tracks to address the crosstalk noise issue during the track/layer assignment stage. The CARRA problem is formulated as a weighted bipartite matching problem and solved using the linear assignment algorithm. The crosstalk risks between nets are represented by an undirected graph and the maximum number of the concurrent crosstalk risking nets is computed as the max clique of the graph. Then the nets in each max clique are assigned to disadjacent tracks. Thus the crosstalk noise can be avoided based on the clique concept. The algorithm is tested on IBM benchmarks and the experimental results show that it can improve the final routing layout a lot with little loss of the completion rate.     

不确定车辆数的有时间窗车辆选径问题的混合算法

针对标准遗传算法在求解车辆选径问题中出现的早熟、收敛、易陷入局部极值点的问题，提出了一种由遗传算法结合模拟退火算法的混合算法求解车辆选径问题，并与遗传算法进行了比较。该算法利用了模拟退火算法具有的较强的局部搜索能力的特性，有效地克服了传统遗传算法的“早熟收敛”问题。实验结果表明，该算法具有计算效率高、收敛速度快和求解质量优的特点，是解决车辆选径问题的有效方法。     

IP／DWDM光因特网中的一种支持柔性QoS的并行一体化多播路由算法

本文研究了IP／DWDM光因特网中支持柔性QoS的并行一体化多播路由算法。对IP／DwDM光因特网中的多播请求及用户提出的端到端延迟需求区间，提出的算法一体化地解决路由选择和波长分配问题。目标是在考虑网络负载均衡的前提下，寻找一棵费用次优的多播树，并且满足用户QoS需求。该算法基于粗粒度并行遗传模拟退火算法构造多播树，基于波长图思想在多播树上进行波长分配。仿真研究表明，该算法是可行的，并且具有较好的性能。     

A multipopulation parallel genetic simulated annealing-based QoS routing and wavelength assignment integration algorithm for multicast in optical networks

In this paper, we propose an integrated Quality of Service (QoS) routing algorithm for optical networks. Given a QoS multicast request and the delay interval specified by users, the proposed algorithm can find a flexible-QoS-based cost suboptimal routing tree. The algorithm first constructs the multicast tree based on the multipopulation parallel genetic simulated annealing algorithm, and then assigns wavelengths to the tree based on the wavelength graph. In the algorithm, routing and wavelength assignment are integrated into a single process. For routing, the objective is to find a cost suboptimal multicast tree. For wavelength assignment, the objective is to minimize the delay of the multicast tree, which is achieved by minimizing the number of wavelength conversion. Thus both the cost of multicast tree and the user QoS satisfaction degree can approach the optimal. Our algorithm also considers load balance. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and effective. We also discuss the practical realization mechanisms of the algorithm.     

并行量子遗传算法在QoS组播路由中的应用

随着网络通信技术的发展和Internet的普及,性能出色的组播路由越来越重要。著名的组播路由Steiner树问题是NP完全问题,应采用启发式方法求解。文中在常规量子遗传算法中引入并行进化模型,提出了一种解决多约束QoS组播路由优化问题的算法。在满足带宽、时延约束条件下寻找代价最小的组播树,并合理安排节点负荷,减少通信开销。仿真实验结果表明本算法搜索速度快、全局寻优能力强,性能和效率优于常规量子遗传算法。     

An orthogonal genetic algorithm for multimedia multicast routing

Many multimedia communication applications require a source to send multimedia information to multiple destinations through a communication network. To support these applications, it is necessary to determine a multicast tree of minimal cost to connect the source node to the destination nodes subject to delay constraints on multimedia communication. This problem is known as multimedia multicast routing and has been proved to be NP-complete. The paper proposes an orthogonal genetic algorithm for multimedia multicast routing. Its salient feature is to incorporate an experimental design method called orthogonal design into the crossover operation. As a result, it can search the solution space in a statistically sound manner and it is well suited for parallel implementation and execution. We execute the orthogonal genetic algorithm to solve two sets of benchmark test problems. The results indicate that for practical problem sizes, the orthogonal genetic algorithm can find near optimal solutions within moderate numbers of generations     

基于Spark的并行遗传算法在物流配送问题中的应用

传统的遗传算法在数据量不足的单机情况下可能存在早熟的现象,遗传算法对搜索范围的依赖性很强,大搜索范围的遗传算法往往有更好的表现。为解决以上问题,可把Spark海量存储和并行计算的能力运用到遗传算法的求解上,实现一种粗粒度的并行遗传算法。利用Spark并行执行遗传算法的选择、交叉和变异等操作,可以大大提高遗传算法的搜索范围和执行速度。实验将改进后的遗传算法应用到物流配送问题中,结果表明,与单机和传统的并行模型相比,基于Spark的遗传算法在运行时间上明显减少,同时早熟的现象也得到了缓解。     

基于量子遗传算法的QoS路由算法

多约束的QoS路由问题是NP完全问题.量子遗传算法是基于量子计算理论的新遗传算法,具有种群多样性、收敛速度快和全局寻优的特点.将量子遗传算法引入多约束QoS路由计算,提出了一种基于量子遗传算法的QoS路由算法,给出了算法实现的方法和具体流程.实验结果表明,通过该算法得到的QoS路由不但能满足QoS约束要求,同时可以均衡链路负载,减少路由拥塞.