质子交换膜燃料电池组水管理研究

介绍了水管理对质子交换膜燃料电池组的重要性，对当前主要采用的外增湿、内增湿、自增湿技术进行综述，认为内增湿能为电池提供有效供水、减轻了电池组的体积和重量，具有良好的实用性。分析了双极板不同流场排水能力和动态排水技术，并对质子交换膜燃料电池水管理提出一些建议。     

小型质子交换膜燃料电池的增湿技术研究

分析了PEMFC电池内部水的生成和转移过程，列举了各种增湿方法，指出了几种外增湿法对小型氢空质子交换膜燃料电池进行增湿的优缺点和对电池性能的影响。     

质子交换膜燃料电池

因其具有独特的优点，质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）的市场前景很好，国际上已经形成了一股研究开发热潮。电催化剂、质子交换膜、双极板、燃料、水管理、热管理是质子交换膜燃料电池的关键技术。文章介绍了PEMFC的特点及开发应用状况，综述了PEMFC的研究进展。     

阴极开放式质子交换膜燃料电池实验性研究

文中围绕实验室自制的开放式阴极自增湿型质子交换膜燃料电池开展了大量相关实验,采用FLUKE Ti25红外温度成像仪测得了各种操作条件下电池表面温度分布图像。实验结果表明:在封闭式阳极(anode dead-end)操作条件下,液态水会在阳极逐渐积累而影响反应气的传质,造成电池输出性能的衰减。通过阳极排气可以使电池性能恢复。纵观电堆表面温度分布情况,总体呈现出沿氢气流道方向递增的趋势。且随着电流密度的增大,这种温度分布的不均匀性变得更加明显。在实验所测试的范围内,电堆的平均输出功率密度达到了583 mW/cm2。     

非对称气体扩散电极对空冷自增湿质子交换膜燃料电池性能的影响

通过对阴极和阳极气体扩散电极(GDE)采用不同厚度的碳纸、不同PEFE载量等方法研究了非对称气体扩散电极对空冷自增湿燃料电池性能的影响。通过实验得出:增大阳极扩散层厚度、减小阴极扩散层厚度均能提高电池性能,而且通过提高阳极疏水性,降低阴极疏水性,能够保证促进阳极保水和阴极排水,提高电池性能。得到的阳极PTFE含量60%,阴极PTFE含量20%的非对称型GDE组装的电池性能比PTFE含量40%的对称疏水GDE制备的PEMFC性能高5%,比商业的SIGRACET~(?)高9.16%。电池在50℃自增湿条件下工作的最大功率达到643.2mW·cm~(-2)。     

质子交换膜燃料电池的研发动态

质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)因其独特的优点具有很好的市场前景,国际上已经形成了一种研究热潮.电催化剂、质子交换膜、双极板、燃料、水管理、热管理是其关键技术.文章介绍了PEMFC的特点及开发应用状况,综述了PEMFC的研究进展.     

燃料电池空气系统增湿器建模与仿真

建立气-气增湿器的数学理论模型,并基于Amesim软件建立燃料电池增湿器及空气系统仿真模型,从燃料电池系统层面分析干湿侧不同温度、压力、水含量等输入条件下的干侧出口空气的湿度变化情况,并采用水转移率（water vapor transfer rate,WVTR）对增湿器增湿性能进行评价,结果表明此模型可进行前期验证,能较好地预测汽车运行过程中增湿器的动态响应特性。     

25kW车用燃料电池发动机系统的设计

文章介绍了质子交换膜燃料电池发动机系统的设计，提出了将其集成为车用发动机系统的设计方案。     

燃料电池技术原理和应用

介绍了燃料电池的发展历史、特点及分类,并初步介绍了燃料电池的基础理论,能量转化效率对国内外质子交换膜燃料电池的研究和应用情况进行了详细的论述、同时,也论述了我国燃料电池的发展状况和前景.     

质子交换膜燃料电池作为军事通信电源的应用前景分析

介绍了军队现有的通信电源装备在未来战争中存在的不足，以及质子交换膜燃料电池的特点．通过对质子交换膜燃料电池和现有通信电源装备的对比，分析了质子交换膜燃料电池作为军事通信电源存在的巨大优势。     

质子交换膜燃料电池内电荷传递的数值模拟

为深入研究质子交换膜燃料电池内电荷传递的规律,发展了一个三维的单相流、非等温数学模型,模型考虑了电子在催化层和扩散层、质子在催化层和质子交换膜中的传递。通过计算得到了电池内电位和电流密度的空间分布,分析了不同电极结构参数下电流密度的分布和最终造成的性能差异。结果表明,欧姆电位的下降主要发生在膜相电位,而碳相电位的下降几乎可以忽略不计;电流密度在流道与集电极交界处出现＂火焰形＂累积效应;改变电池的结构对电池性能影响不大,应结合加工成本和电流密度分布综合考虑。     

质子交换膜燃料电池测试系统的国内外研究进展

在对国内外质子交换膜燃料电池测试系统进行广泛调研的基础上,阐述了其系统的基本组成和工作原理,分析比较了一些有代表性系统的特性和优缺点,展望了该系统研发的发展趋势。     

A degradation study of Nafion proton exchange membrane of PEM fuel cells

The durability and degradation behavior of the Nafion NR111 proton exchange membranes (PEMs) is investigated in detail under various mechanical, chemical and polarization conditions. It was found that the fatigue strength or the safety limit of the cyclic stress for Nafion NR111 membrane is ∼1.5 MPa that is 1/10 of the tensile strength of the membrane. The cyclic stress and dimensional change (or strain) induced by the water uptake can be substantial and are the main causes for the mechanical degradation and failure of the membrane. For example, in the case of RH cycling of water soaked state to 25% RH state, the cyclic stress of the Nafion membrane was as high as 2.23 MPa and the dimensional change was ∼11%. Both FTIR and NMR analysis indicate that the decomposition of the Nafion polymer in the H₂O₂ solution in the presence of trace Fe, Cr and Ni ions started from the ends of the main chain, resulting in the loss of the repeat units and the formation of voids and pinholes in the membrane. The high degradation rate of the membrane at the open circuit voltage most likely results from the attack of H₂O₂ formed between O₂ and H₂ crossovered through the membrane.     

Insights on perovskite-type proton conductive membranes for hydrogen permeation

Hydrogen has received widespread attention because as its diverse delivery methods and no GHG emissions. The use of membrane separation can effectively replace the costly low-temperature distillation and pressure swing adsorption technology to achieve the purpose of low-cost hydrogen enrichment. As a promising hydrogen separation material, perovskite-type proton conductor hydrogen permeable membrane has been practically applied in hydrogen separation and purification process. In this paper, the principle of hydrogen permeability of perovskite-type proton conductor hydrogen permeable membrane is expounded, and its preparation method and application are summarized, and the development trend of the material is discussed.     

Improving the performance of sulfonated polymer membrane by using sulfonic acid functionalized hetero-metallic metal-organic framework for DMFC applications

Proton transport played a crucial part in the fuel cells, sensors, and batteries. The electrolyte used in fuel cells should possess high proton conductivity and good chemical stability. Herein, taking advantage of the high proton conductivity of metal-organic framework (MOF) and the good chemical stability of branched polymers, a new heterometallic mediated MOF (Zr-Cr-SO₃H) is synthesized and utilized as a filler in the highly branched sulfonated polymer (BSP). In addition, Zr-SO₃H MOF is also prepared for comparison. Transmission electron microscope study shows that the prepared MOF particles are spherical in size and interconnected through nanosheets. The optimized quantity of MOFs inside the polymer matrix improves the water sorption, mechanical property, and proton conductivity. The composite membranes display an improved open-circuit voltage than the pristine BSP membrane. By comparing the Zr-SO₃H MOF incorporated composite membrane, Zr-Cr-SO₃H MOF incorporated composite membranes display higher proton conductivity and peak power density in a single-cell test. In particular, the single-cell fabricated with Zr-Cr-SO₃H MOF incorporated composite membrane is able to reach the peak power density of 64.6 mWcm⁻² at 60°C, which is 26% greater than the Nafion 212 membrane. Furthermore, this work offers a new strategy for the utilization of hetero-metal MOF as a filler for proton exchange membrane applications.     

质子交换膜燃料电池数值分析

建立了一个三维的数学模型来模拟研究质子交换膜燃料电池,以及流道里流体的流动、阳极氢气和阴极氧气各组分的传递、热量传递、电荷传递、和氧化还原的电化学反应动力学,得到了电池内的组分浓度分布情况、温度场分布情况、以及多孔扩散层孔隙率对电池性能的影响.     

A fluorinated polymer/inorganic composite electrolyte membrane for intermediate temperature fuel cells

Composite membranes based on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and silicon dioxide (PTFE/SiO₂ × HPO₃) are fabricated to act as a fuel cell membrane for operation at temperatures from 120 to 200°C. A porous PTFE membrane is used as the membrane supporting structure and SiO₂ × HPO₃ sol as the proton conductor. SEM and EDX show that the sol clusters are connected together and adhered to the PTFE polymer. This structure completely fills the pores of the PTFE and minimises the gas cross‐over. The PTFE/SiO₂ × HPO₃ membrane has a high proton conductivity, up to 0.14 S cm^?1 at a relative humidity lower than 0.5%. The PTFE/SiO₂ × HPO₃ composite membrane gives the modest performance when it is tested in a hydrogen fuel cell although it is a potential material for the intermediate‐temperature proton‐conducting membrane fuel cell. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

质子交换膜燃料电池的多尺度传热传质

介绍了目前质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)在膜、电极、单电池、电堆或系统等四个结构尺度上的传热传质过程研究;主要讨论了PEMFC内的多组分传输、膜内水管理和多孔电极内的传热、传质过程;认为建立在孔尺度水平的研究方法是深入探讨电池内多孔材料微结构传热传质的有效途径;多维、多尺度模型的建立及其模拟计算能准确反映PEMFC内部的传递过程机理,为进一步优化电池结构和操作条件提供有价值的参考。     

模拟PEM燃料电池环境下质子交换膜损伤研究

该文研究在模拟燃料电池环境下的质子交换膜（PEM）材料的损伤情况。选用2种溶液模拟质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）环境,一种是接近燃料电池实际运行环境溶液,称为正规溶液（RS）,另一种则为加速试样老化的加速持久性（ADT）溶液。采用衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱（ATR-FTIR）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）技术对老化试样表面的化学成分变化进行研究;同时,采用机械拉伸性能试验对老化前后试样进行研究。试验结果表明,在模拟PEMFC环境下,随着老化时间的增加,试样表面分子结构和化学成分发生明显变化,抗拉强度和断裂伸长率降低,试样材料损伤加剧。     

Effect of cation contamination and hydrated pressure loading on the mechanical properties of proton exchange membranes

Perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) polymer membranes are widely used as electrolyte thin films to transport protons in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. The mechanical degradation of the membrane represents a common failure mode that limits the operational life of the fuel cells. In the present work, effect of contamination related to cation exchange on the mechanical reliability of PEMs was investigated. We applied the bulge test technique to assess the mechanical properties of Nafion^® PFSA membranes simulating pressure loading on hydrated PEMs in fuel cells. The corresponding elastic moduli of Nafion^® before and after cation exchange were analyzed and compared with the results measured by uniaxial tension experiments at selected humidity conditions, showing increasing stiffness with the increase of cation radius. We also used the out-of-plane tearing test method to characterize the fracture behaviors of PEMs. The effects of cation exchange and water absorption on mechanical and fracture properties of PEMs at different temperatures are discussed in terms of cation and water interactions with the molecular structure of PFSA polymers.