TerraSAR-X数据在淮南矿区沉陷监测中的应用

合成孔径雷达差分干涉测量(Differential Interferometic SAR,D-InSAR)技术可以快速、精确、大范围地监测地表形变,为矿区开采沉陷的监测和防治提供了有效手段。以安徽淮南淮河以北矿区为研究区,获取了3景高分辨率TerraSAR-X影像,分别利用二轨法、三轨法D-InSAR技术提取2010年11月22日~2011年4月25日的沉陷情况。结果显示:在这期间淮南矿区发生了大量沉陷,最大沉陷量为-71mm,位于丁集矿区;顾桥顾北矿区和潘集矿区的最大沉陷量约为-50和-45mm,两种方法提取出的沉陷区位置、形态与实际情况基本稳合,沉陷速率与相关研究大体一致,表明利用短时空基线的高空间分辨率TerraSAR-X数据能够对淮南矿区的地表形变量和形变范围进行高精度的监测。同时,将两种方法提取的结果对比分析发现,在缺乏精细DEM数据的情况下,三轨法在平原区的应用效果优于二轨法。     

D-InSAR技术在煤矿区沉陷监测中的研究

文章介绍了近年来D-InSAR技术在煤矿区沉陷监测的应用和发展,探讨了该技术用于监测煤矿区沉陷的可行性、与传统的变形监测技术对比所具有的优势,并指出了目前该技术在煤矿区沉陷监测中存在的问题及解决方法。     

Offset Tracking在煤矿沉陷区地表大变形监测中的应用研究

针对传统煤矿沉陷监测方法存在监测周期长、提取的矿区地表变形量准确率不高的问题,提出将Offset Tracking技术应用到煤矿沉陷区地表大变形的监测中。以张双楼煤矿作为研究对象,应用Offset Tracking技术对该煤矿沉陷区的SAR影像进行处理,采用互相关系数过采样因子法建立地形起伏与噪声偏移量模型,使用最小二乘模拟轨道偏移分量,获取了矿区方位向和距离向的二维变形图和矿区变形信息。利用实测数据对Offset Tracking技术的监测结果进行评价,结果表明,利用Offset Tracking技术监测到的矿区最大沉降位置和变形方向与实测数据基本一致,误差仅为1cm,说明Offset Tracking技术能够准确、有效地监测煤矿沉陷区地表大变形,为煤矿沉陷区的合理治理提供依据。     

结合SBAS-InSAR与支持向量回归的开采沉陷监测与预测

针对传统矿区沉降预测方法存在精度低、难以获取长时间序列预测结果等问题,采用合成孔径雷达差分干涉(small baseline subset interferometric synthetic aperture radar,SBAS-InSAR)技术进行开采沉陷监测,提出了一种自适应遗传算法优化的支持向量回归算法,将监测...     

数字近景摄影测量技术在矿山地表沉陷监测中的应用研究

为了解决传统的矿山地表沉陷监测方法存在的劳动强度大、不能实时观测、难以获得瞬时3维移动变形信息等缺陷,提出了一种利用基于非量测数相机的数字近景摄影测量技术进行塌陷区沉陷监测的方法。该方法首先利用标定过的高分辨率数字相机获取塌陷区的数字立体影像像对;然后采用相对定向、影像匹配等摄影测量解析处理技术提取塌陷区地表的数字高程模型;最后通过与该区域开采前数字高程模型对比分析来完成塌陷区沉陷范围、深度、体积等沉陷参数计算。应用研究结果表明,数字近景摄影测量的测定精度基本可以满足这次应用条件下沉陷监测的精度要求。该方法为矿山地表塌陷区的沉陷监测提供了一条可行的途径。     

2种灰色模型在矿区地表沉陷预计中的适用性

目前矿区地表单点沉陷动态预计方法主要基于传统的水准测量数据,监测方法单一,成本高,观测点易破坏,不能保证地表形变信息的实时性,且采用灰色模型进行地表沉陷预计时只针对单一模型的应用,没有结合模型自身特点分析其适用性。以袁店二矿7221工作面为试验区域,采用合成孔径雷达差分干涉测量技术监测矿区地表沉陷量,分别建立了描述沉陷量与时间关系的GM(1,1)与灰色Verhulst模型进行地表沉陷量预计,实现了矿区地表沉陷监测与动态预计一体化。通过比较、分析GM(1,1)与灰色Verhulst模型对地表沉陷量的拟合及预计结果,得出了2种灰色模型在矿区地表沉陷预计中的适用性:在矿区开采沉陷开始至活跃前期,若地表单点沉陷量曲线呈近似单峰型,则宜采用GM(1,1)进行短期预计;当矿区地表沉陷进入衰退阶段,单点沉陷量曲线呈平底饱和状态,则宜采用灰色Verhulst模型进行中长期预计。     

高潜水位矿区地表沉陷信息获取的研究

传统的矿区地表沉陷信息获取主要以单一非高潜水位沉陷情况研究为主,未研究高潜水位矿区地表沉陷信息获取。为此,本文采用Landsat系列数据方法综合获取煤矿沉陷信息,优化改进归一化水体指数并验证指数的科学性、正确性,为煤矿产区的生态治理与环境保护作出贡献。     

采煤沉陷区三维建模及场景漫游研究

煤矿开采虽然在一定程度上满足国家的能源需求,但是同时也带来严重的地表环境和生态问题。针对煤炭开采引起的地表沉陷,在充分收集各种地质和采煤技术资料的基础上,在VC 6.0环境下运用OpenGL技术和GIS技术进行开发,对采煤沉陷区进行三维地质体建模,并结合淮南矿区的地质参数,应用虚拟现实技术(VR),对采煤沉陷区进行场景漫游。该研究对于采煤沉陷区的发生、发展和趋势以及环境综合治理具有重大意义。     

无人机DEM测点插值算法的矿区沉陷测绘技术

为实现对矿区沉陷深度的精准测量,完善测绘技术的具体实施方案,针对无人机DEM测点插值算法的矿区沉陷测绘技术展开研究;根据DEM测点获取结果,实施分维值测定处理,再以此为基础,确定插值拐点所处区域,实现对无人机DEM测点插值算法应用流程的完善;联合像控点布设原则,定义空中三角区域,并通过推导径向插值基函数的方式,建立矿区沉陷区域的地理模型;在空间坐标系转换条件的基础上,确定矢量数据叠加的处理结果,再结合像片倾角与旋偏角的实际取值,求解测量精度评价指标,完成无人机DEM测点插值算法的矿区沉陷测绘技术实施方法的设计;实验结果表明,上述测绘技术方法作用下,沉陷深度测量结果与矿区真实沉陷深度之间的差值不超过1 m,符合精准测量的应用需求,对于测绘实施方案的完善可以起到一定的促进性影响作用。     

基于Sentinel-1A数据反演九寨沟地震地表形变场

针对四川省九寨沟2017年8月8日发生的7.0级地震引起的地表形变,使用欧空局2014年发射的Sentinel-1A卫星C波段雷达影像数据,采用两轨雷达差分干涉技术(D-InSAR)处理得到了研究区范围内同震形变场。干涉结果显示,此次地震造成了明显的地表形变,景区内最大抬升达到了12.6cm,最大沉降达9.8cm。研究结果表明:Sentinel-1A卫星的C波段雷达数据非常适用于对植被覆盖葱郁、地形复杂的区域进行D-InSAR形变监测。D-InSAR技术获取的地表形变信息可用于分析讨论地震受灾范围和地震机理。进一步明确了D-InSAR技术在大范围地表形变探测和地学研究范畴的重要地位。     

面向对象的高分辨率影像采煤塌陷地提取

煤炭开采引起了塌陷等一系列的地质环境问题,与常规监测方法相比,遥感技术可以实现大范围、高效率、周期性的动态监测。在遥感影像分类方法中,面向对象的遥感影像分类方法能更好地利用高分辨率遥感影像中丰富的纹理和几何结构信息。针对煤炭开采导致的地表塌陷地的特点,在归纳整理遥感影像中塌陷地判识准则的基础上,重点探讨了面向对象的遥感影像分类方法中塌陷地的自动提取规则。综合利用ERDAS IMAGINE9.2、ENVI4.7和ENVI4.4 ZOOM进行数据处理,以安徽省淮南矿务集团潘三矿区为实验区,用该方法利用SPOT５影像进行了塌陷地信息提取实验,结果证明,面向对象分类方法能有效地从高分辨率遥感影像中自动提取塌陷地相关信息。     

井下胶带输送机集中监控系统的应用

以淮南矿业学院和兖州矿务局兴隆庄煤矿合作研制的井下胶带输送机集控系统为例，介绍了井下胶带输送机集中监控系统的应用。     

利用Sentinel-1A合成孔径雷达干涉时间序列监测陇东地区地面沉降变形

基于覆盖陇东地区同一轨道的97景Sentinel-1A卫星影像,在ISCE和StaMPS数据处理平台上利用PS-InSAR技术进行叠加数据处理,获得研究区自2014年10月至2019年5月的年平均地表LOS向形变场,并对形变场结果进行二维网格滤波处理,获取沉降中心的变化特征。研究结果表明：陇东地区主要存在两类形变,一类是由构造活动引起的地表形变,主要分布在海原断裂与六盘山东麓断裂转换区附近,跨海原断裂年平均形变约为1 mm/a,而六盘山东麓断裂附近断层无明显变形,鄂尔多斯块体内部变形微弱;另一类则是由人类工业活动,如煤矿开采、地下水开采活动等导致的地表沉降,主要影响区域为华亭矿区和宁正矿区,均呈现漏斗状沉降形态,年均最大沉降分别约为8 mm/a和30 mm/a。     

Surface Deformation Field of Eastern Gansu Province by PS-InSAR Technique with Sentinel-1A

Through taking 97 Sentinel-1A SAR images from October 2014 to May 2019 covered most parts of Eastern Gansu province as experimental data, we monitored the surface deformation applying PS-InSAR technique for superimposed data processing based on ISCE and StaMPS to obtain the annual mean LOS rate of surface deformation field. Moreover, we filtered the LOS velocity field using two-dimensional mesh filtering to obtain the variation characteristics of the subsidence center. Our results reveal that there have two patterns of surface deformation. (1) Ground deformation caused by tectonic activity mainly locates around Haiyuan fault, whose mean annual LOS rate of deformation is ~1mm/a. However, there is no obvious deformation near the Liupanshan fault. Meanwhile, the internal deformation of the Ordos Block is subtle. (2) Another surficial deformation caused by mining activity occurs in the regions of Huating Mining Area and Ningzheng Mining Area, in which a ground subsidence funnel has been found. According to the time series deformation characteristic analysis of the settlement center, we know the mean annual LOS rate of deformation in the Huating Mining Area and Ningzheng Mining Area are ~8 mm/a and ~30 mm/a, respectively.     

Combining differential SAR interferometry and the probability integral method for three-dimensional deformation monitoring of mining areas

With the exploitation of coal resources, ground surface subsidence continues to occur in mining areas, destroying the ecological environment and significantly affecting the daily productivity and life of humans. The differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry (D-InSAR) technique is widely used to monitor ground surface deformation because of its unique advantages such as high accuracy and wide coverage. However, conventional D-InSAR technology provides only one-dimensional (1D) displacement monitoring along the radar line of sight (LOS). This article proposes a method based on an analysis of the mining subsidence law for true three-dimensional (3D) displacement monitoring by combining D-InSAR and a subsidence prediction model based on the probability integral method. In this approach, 1D displacement, obtained using D-InSAR, is then combined with the prediction model to obtain the 3D displacement of ground surface target points. Here, 3D displacement curves were obtained for the Fengfeng mining area (China) using RadarSat-2 images obtained on 9 January and 2 February 2011. True ground surface displacement was measured simultaneously by levelling when the 152under31 s working face was being exploited in Jiulong mine. Vertical displacement and inclined deformation calculated using the proposed method were compared with levelling survey data and the results showed average differences of 3.2 mm and 0.1 mm m^?1, respectively; the calculated maximum displacement in the east–west and south–north directions were 106 and 73 mm, respectively. The spatial distribution of the displacements was in accordance with the mining subsidence law. Thus, the new method can retrieve highly accurate 3D displacements caused by mining subsidence.     

鲍店煤矿供电安全监测及管理系统的开发

兖矿集团鲍店煤矿应用ＡＵＴＯＣＡＤ、网络技术对分散的供电系统进行改造,实现了采区变电所电网状态及绝缘监测。在地面建立机电管理网,将地面３５ｋＶ 微机监测纳入矿ＷＩＮＤＯＷＳＮＴ 网络,实现了全矿井上下变电所的微机监测和管理,并对井下在线监测做了有益的探索。     

合成孔径雷达差分干涉形变监测的质量评定分析

通过对D-InSAR数据处理过程中的不同误差进行分析,尤其是通过对差分干涉图和相位解缠的质量指标进行了详细分析和比较,研究了D-InSAR监测方案的质量评定与方案选取问题。并以西安地区1992-1993年间不同航迹,不同ERS干涉对的三个地面沉降监测方案为例进行了试验分析,结果显示采用干涉图和相位解缠的质量评定指标可以很好的进行监测方案的优选。     

基于D-InSAR技术的唐山万达广场地区沉降监测及其安全性评价

唐山市万达广场南边为煤矿区,由于开采引起的地面沉降,直接影响到城市建筑物的安全,因此,采用D-InSAR形变监测手段获取煤矿区及周边地区的沉降时空分布特征显得尤为重要。收集了2004年～2008年唐山市万达广场及周边地区的3景ENVISAT ASAR数据,使用合成孔径雷达差分干涉测量(D-InSAR)技术来研究地面沉降对万达广场建设及周边地区的影响,获得了两期地面沉降结果,并将结果结合GIS技术对广场的建设进行安全性分析。实验结果表明:唐山煤矿地下开采引起的地面沉降从2004年开始没有再向万达广场的方向扩展,所以不会影响万达广场的建设,从而保证了广场的顺利建设和周边地区安全、有序的发展,也进一步验证了D-InSAR技术在煤矿区地面沉降监测中应用的可行性。     

Monitoring of large-scale deformation in mining areas using sub-band InSAR and the probability integral fusion method

The large-scale and rapid land subsidence that occurs in mining areas often leads to problems, such as densely spaced interference fringes and the temporal decorrelation of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) interferograms. To solve these problems, sub-band InSAR is applied to monitor the large-scale deformation that occurs in mining areas. First of all, four different bandwidth images with three sub-band bandwidth parameters are used to extract simulated mining-induced subsidence with seven different deformation magnitudes. The results of the simulation experiment suggest the following conclusions. In monitoring subsidence with different deformation magnitudes using images with different bandwidths, an optimal monitoring value exists; wider image bandwidths lead to smaller optimal monitoring values and higher monitoring accuracies. Therefore, an appropriate sub-band bandwidth should be selected that depends upon the image bandwidth and the subsidence level to achieve optimal monitoring. The optimal sub-band bandwidth for monitoring subsidence of different magnitudes in mining areas is determined through simulation experiments, and these conclusions can provide a technical basis for selecting the appropriate sub-band bandwidth for the monitoring of subsidence in mining areas. Although sub-band InSAR can reduce the number of interference fringes and the difficulty of unwrapping, the simultaneous introduction of large amounts of noise leads to reduced monitoring precision, and the application of the probability integral method in the prediction of mine subsidence is more mature. Therefore, the combined use of sub-band InSAR and the probability integral fusion method to monitor mining-induced deformation is proposed in this paper. The probability integral method is used to perform noise peeling on the interferometric phases of the sub-bands to improve the monitoring accuracy of sub-band interferometry. Then, according to the results of the simulation experiment, the fusion method with the appropriate sub-band bandwidth parameters is applied to monitor the surface deformation associated with working face 52,304 from 2 December 2012 to 13 December 2012. Finally, the monitoring results are compared with the results of monitoring using conventional differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (D-InSAR) and global positioning system (GPS) field survey data. The results show that the reliability and accuracy of the fusion method are much better than those of conventional D-InSAR in monitoring the large-scale deformation that occurs at the edges of subsidence basins.