电镀重金属污泥综合利用研究

本文对比近年来国内外对电镀污泥处理技术的研究进展,对固化／稳定化技术、热化学处理技术、有价金属回收技术和材料化技术等电镀污泥的处理和利用技术的研究进展进行综述。     

电镀污泥资源化利用及展望

电镀污泥是一种典型人造混合矿危险废物,对其进行资源化、无害化及减量化处理/处置,是目前国内外研究的热点,也是电镀行业实现绿色生产,需要攻关的重要难题。本文在总结国内外大量文献的基础上,对近年来国内外对电镀污泥处理处置技术以及资源化利用的研究进展进行归类和分析,在对未来处理电镀污泥绿色处理技术提出了展望。本文对电镀污泥的处理处置与资源化利用具有一定的借鉴作用。     

电镀污泥处理技术的研究进展

阐述了电镀污泥的特点及其危害,并对国内外电镀污泥无害化资源化处理技术进行了综述,包括稳定化/固化技术、热处理技术、生物处理技术、熔炼技术和焙烧浸取技术、材料化技术等。同时,对电镀污泥处理技术的发展及目前存在的问题进行了论述。     

电镀污泥中有价金属综合回收技术研究现状

随着我国经济的快速发展,电镀行业取得了巨大的进步,但同时也伴随着大量电镀废水的产生.电镀废水在处理过程中产生了大量固体危险废物—电镀污泥.该类污泥如果处理不当,则会引起二次环境污染,并对人体健康造成严重威胁.此外,由于污泥中含有大量有价金属,具有一定的回收价值,因此高效回收污泥中有价金属已成为目前的研究热点.本文全面阐述了电镀污泥中的有价金属的回收技术的研究现状,旨在为研究污泥资源化利用的企业和学者提供参考,结合自身实际生产和研究情况,提高污泥中有价金属的综合利用率.     

电镀污泥的无害化处理及综合利用技术

电镀污泥的化学成份相当复杂,主要含铬、铁、镍、铜、锌等重金属化合物及可溶性盐类,其中的含铬化合物属国家一级危险废物,如处理不当,对环境的危害很大,故电镀污泥的无害化处理一直是相关厂家和环保部门关注的焦点之一。本文介绍了电镀污泥的产生及危害;介绍了电镀污泥无害化处理的原理;综述了电镀污染的无害化处理方法及综合利用技术。     

电镀污泥处理与处置方法概述

分析了电镀污泥的来源、成分及危害,介绍了其处理与处置方法。认为解决电镀污泥回收利用过程中存在的工艺复杂,回收的金属纯度低,处理成本高,技术不成熟,以及废渣的彻底处置等问题是今后电镀污泥的重点研究方向。     

电镀污泥的材料化处理技术综述

介绍了电镀污泥的形成及其危害,综述了目前电镀污泥的材料化处理技术,包括制成磁性材料,制砖,烧制陶粒,生产水泥、颜料以及改性塑料等,系统地分析和总结了现有电镀污泥材料化技术的优劣。     

从含铜电镀污泥中回收铜和铁的工艺研究

为了回收电镀污泥中的有价金属,提出了以含铜电镀污泥为原料,制备硫酸铜和氧化铁红的工艺流程,并确定了从含铜电镀污泥中回收铜和铁的工艺参数。试验采用硫酸浸取含铜污泥,铜和铁的浸取率分别为98.73%,97.91%;采用N902-磺化煤油-硫酸萃取分离体系萃取分离浸取液中的铜和铁,工艺条件为：水相pH为1.5～1.7,萃取剂体积分数为30%,相比O/A=1∶1,反萃液硫酸浓度为4 mol/L。试验结果表明,通过该工艺处理含铜电镀污泥,铜的回收率大于92%,铁的回收率达到88%以上。     

电镀废水处理过程中的二次污染

目前，国内大多采用化学法处理电镀废水，特别是含铬电镀混合废水，但化学法所产生的大量电镀污泥以及外排含盐量很高的处理后废水有可能会对环境造成二次污染，本文分析了电镀污泥和外排废水有可能造成污染的原因及反应机理，同时提出了一些相应的治理措施。     

水处理及造纸化学品

IneosSilicas公司开发新污水处理剂；河南造纸黑液碱生产碳酸钙技术通过鉴定；北美厂家推迟对未涂布全化浆纸提价；经超声波处理 废水污泥产生甲烷；国内引进CWO技术 有效治理丙烯酸废水；利用膜分离技术可实现电镀漂洗水零排放;     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.