Zr—Mn—Ni系Laves相贮氢合金中的Zr—Ni相及其晶体结构研究

采用Ｘ射线粉末衍射和Ｒｉｅｔｖｅｌｄ全谱拟事分析,详细地研究了Ｚｒ（Ｍｎ１－ｘＮｉｘ）２（ｘ＝０．４０～０．７５）三元Ｌａｖｅｓ相贮氢合金中形成Ｚｒ－Ｎｉ相的类型及其晶体结构。实验结果表明：Ｚｒ－Ｍｎ－Ｎｉ合金中出现的Ｚ４－Ｍｎ－Ｎｉ合金中出现的Ｚｒ－Ｎｉ相包括ＺｒＮｉ、Ｚｒ９Ｎｉ１１和Ｚｒ７Ｎｉ１０３类,ｒ－Ｎｉ相类型与合金中的Ｎｉ含量有关。其中,ＺｒＮｉ相在ｘ＝０．４０～０．５０范围内出现,Ｚ     

ZrMn0.9—xVxNi1.1（x=0.1—0.8）Laves相贮氢合金的电化学性能

研究了ＡＢ２型锆基Ｌａｖｅｓ相贮氢合金ＺｒＭｎ０．９－ｘＶｘＮｉ１．１（ｘ＝０．１～０．８）的晶体结构及其电化学性能。研究表明，ＺｒＭｎＶＮｉ合金为多相组织，当Ｍｎ含量较高时，合金的主相为Ｃ１５型Ｌａｖｅｓ相结构；随着Ｖ含量增加，合金中Ｃ１４型Ｌａｖｅｓ相的含量逐渐增加；合金的主相结构与电子浓度有关。Ｍｎ、Ｖ含量影响Ｌａｖｅｓ相合金中的不同类型四面体间隙数目及合金热力学和电化学性能。当合金中的Ｖ／（Ｍｎ＋Ｖ）比率在２／９～４／９范围内，合金表现出较好的综合电化学性能。ＺｒＭｎ０．５Ｖ０．４Ｎｉ１．１合金的最高容量为３４２ｍＡｈ／ｇ，高倍率放电能力为Ｃ２００／（Ｃ２００＋Ｃ５０）＝７５％，经１００次１００％ＤＯＤ充放电循环后，容量保持率为８５％左右。     

多相Rietveld分析法研究锆基伪二元储氢合金ZrM2（M=Ni,Mn,Cr,V）的…

多相Ｒｉｅｔｖｅｌｄ分析发现，伪二元ＺｒＭ_２（Ｍ＝Ｎｉ_（１．３０），Ｍｎ_（０．６０），Ｃｒ_（０．２５），Ｖ_（０．０５））合金由Ｃ１４，Ｃ１５ＡＢ_２型Ｌａｖｅｓ相和Ｚｒ_７Ｍ_（１０），Ｚｒ_９Ｍ_（１１），ＺｒＮ组成，各相丰度顺序为ＺｒＭ_２（Ｃ１５）＞Ｚｒ_７Ｍ_（１０）＞ＺｒＭ_２（Ｃ１４）＞Ｚｒ_９Ｍ_（１１）＞ＺｒＮ．主相Ｃ１５型ＺｒＭ_２的Ａ位存在非化学计量缺位．Ｚｒ_７Ｍ_（１０），Ｚｒ_９Ｍ_（１１）与Ｚｒ_７Ｎｉ_（１０），Ｚｒ_９Ｎｉ_（１１）是同晶型结构的金属间化合物．     

多相Rietveld分析法研究锆基伪二元储氢合金ZrM_2（M＝Ni，Mn，Cr，V）的相结构

多相Ｒｉｅｔｖｅｌｄ分析发现，伪二元ＺｒＭ_２（Ｍ＝Ｎｉ_（１．３０），Ｍｎ_（０．６０），Ｃｒ_（０．２５），Ｖ_（０．０５））合金由Ｃ１４，Ｃ１５ＡＢ_２型Ｌａｖｅｓ相和Ｚｒ_７Ｍ_（１０），Ｚｒ_９Ｍ_（１１），ＺｒＮ组成，各相丰度顺序为ＺｒＭ_２（Ｃ１５）＞Ｚｒ_７Ｍ_（１０）＞ＺｒＭ_２（Ｃ１４）＞Ｚｒ_９Ｍ_（１１）＞ＺｒＮ．主相Ｃ１５型ＺｒＭ_２的Ａ位存在非化学计量缺位．Ｚｒ_７Ｍ_（１０），Ｚｒ_９Ｍ_（１１）与Ｚｒ_７Ｎｉ_（１０），Ｚｒ_９Ｎｉ_（１１）是同晶型结构的金属间化合物．     

Zr替代稀土对RE(NiCoMnTi)5贮氢合金相结构和性能的影响

研究了Ｚｒ部分替代稀土ＲＥ对ＲＥ（ＮｉＣｏＭｎＴｉ）５合金的相结构及电化学性能的影响。结果表明：在０〈ｘ≤０．３）的组成范围内,ＲＥ１－ｘ（ＮｉＣｏＭｎＴｉ）５合金中均出现ＺｒＮｉ５相,且其含量随Ｚｒ替代量ｘ的增加而增多;ＬａＮｉ５主相的晶胞体积随ｘ的增加而增大,而ＺｒＮｉ５相的晶胞体积则逐渐减小。因ＺｒＮｉ５第二相的形成,ＲＥ１－ｘＺＲｘ（ＮｉＣｏＭｎＴｉ）５合金保护作用,减轻了充放电循环过程中     

ZrM2（M=Mn,V,Ni）相贮氢合金的相组成

本文采用Ｘ射线衍射Ｒｉｅｔｖｅｌｄ全谱拟合分析研究了ＡＢ２型Ｌａｖｅｓ相贮氢合金Ｚｒ（Ｍｎ０．４５－ｘＶｘＮｉ０．５５）２（ｘ＝０．１０－０．４０）的相组成和相含量。     

Ti对Zr—Mn—V—Ni系合金的微结构和电化学性能的影响

Ｚｒ－Ｍｎ－Ｖ－Ｎｉ合金中Ｚｒ－Ｎｉ金属间化合物与Ｌａｖｅｓ相共存,Ｚｒ０．５Ｔｉ０．５Ｍｎ０．２Ｖ０．６Ｎｉ１．２合金内形成了含Ｔｉ的ｂｃｃ相,选区电子衍射和ＥＤＳ能谱分析结果表明,ｂｃｃ相为Ｂ２型Ｒ相（Ｔｉ０．５Ｚｒ０．２）Ｎｉ,Ｔｉ取代部分Ｚｒ,改变了四元合金中Ｌａｖｅｓ相的晶胞参数和亚结构,非Ｌａｖｅｓ相的形成导致合金元素在各相间的重新分配,多相合金内Ｌａｖｅｓ相的晶胞参数合金的名义成分。     

Fe0.85Mn0.15Ti0.9M0.1（M=Zr,V,Ca）合金的贮氢性能

系统地研究了Ｆｅ０．８５Ｍｎ０．１５Ｔｉ０．９Ｍ０．１（Ｍ＝Ｚｒ,Ｖ,Ｃａ）合金的贮氢性能。研究结果表明：Ｆｅ０．８５Ｍｎ０．１５Ｔｉ０．９Ｚｒ０．１合金在室温下经几分钟的孕育期就可吸氢,但合金在氢化过程中形成了氢含量很高的α相,导致合金的贮氢量降低,同时还使ｐ－ｃ－Ｔ曲线的平台特性变差;Ｆｅ０．８５Ｍｎ０１５Ｔｉ０．９Ｖ０．１合金的活化性能进上步得到改善,在室温下几乎不需要孕育期就可以吸氢,但同     

Zr替代稀土对RE(NiCoMnTi)_5贮氢合金相结构和性能的影响

研究了Ｚｒ部分替代稀土ＲＥ对ＲＥ（ＮｉＣｏＭｎＴｉ）。合金的相结构及电化学性能的影响．结果表明,在０＜ｘ≤０.３的组成范围内． ＲＥ１－ｘＺｒｘ（ＮｉＩＣｏＭｎＴｉ）５合金中均出现 ＺｒＮｉ。相,且其含量随 Ｚｒ替代量。的增加而增多; ＬａＮｉ。主相的晶胞体积随。的增加而增大,而ｚｒｍ。相的晶胞体积则逐渐减小因ＺｒＮｉ５第二相的形成,ＲＥ１－ｘＺｒｘ（ＮｉＣｏＭｎＴｉ）。合金的最大放电容量随 Ｚｒ替代量ｘ的增加而降低． ＺｒＮｉｓ相以连续网状沿 ＬａＮｉ５主相的晶界分布,对贮氢合金晶粒起了微包覆的保护作用,减轻了充放电循环过程中合金的粉化和氧化,从而显著提高了合金的循环稳定性．     

快速凝固Al88Cr2Ni10—xMnx（x=0,5,7或10）合金准晶相的形成

采用ＥｄｍｕｎｄＢｕｈｌｅｒ超快速急冷液淬装置，结合Ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）和透射电子显微技术（ＴＥＭ），研究了Ａｌ８８Ｃｒ２Ｎｉ１０－ｘＭｎｘ（ｘ＝０，５，７或１０）合金在快速凝固条件下的准晶相形成规律。结果表明，随着Ｍｎ含量的提高，合金的非晶程度逐渐减小，直至完全消失；准晶含量逐渐增加，当ｘ＝１０时，准晶含量约为５０％。在Ａｌ８８Ｃｒ２Ｎｉ１０合金中，准晶晶粒细小，没有充分长大。随着Ｎｉ含量的减小，初生相准晶已经充分长大，呈规则的菊花状。Ｎｉ和Ｍｎ的含量对晶态αＡｌ影响不大。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.