个性化元搜索引擎模型研究

在分析了传统搜索引擎以及现有元搜索引擎不足之后,提出了基于Agent的个性化元搜索引擎模型,与传统的元搜索引擎系统相比改进了系统的运行效率,同时给出了基于用户反馈的个性化QR-加权重排序算法,将检索结果的排序质量以及文档的相关度在重排序中加以考虑,与传统的线性重排序算法相比提高了查询的准确程度。     

利用粒子群算法优化多源检索融合结果的方法

对多个搜索引擎系统返回结果进行自动整合,是当前网络信息检索应用至今尚未较好解决的一个难点,也是影响元搜索引擎效果的关键技术环节。在实验多种处理多源搜索结果融合算法的基础上,文中提出一种可对多种其它融合排序算法输出结果做进一步优化的离散粒子群算法。该算法不仅能在整体效果上优于作为其预处理输入的其它融合排序算法,而且对不同查询有更好的适应性,不需考虑各独立源检索返回结果的质量权重及相互间重叠率等因素。与作为其输入处理的其它融合算法相比,该算法的相关文档识别准确率可提高约20%,而准确率随查询主题变化的标准差可降低约50%。     

一种元搜索主题偏好的排序算法

元搜索引擎并行地向各个成员搜索引擎发出请求,合并及处理所有成员引擎的返回结果。相对于传统搜索引擎,元搜索引擎具有更好的查全率但在结果相关度排序及查准率方面仍需要改善。就相关度排序及查准率方面的问题元搜索成员引擎对于各个不同主题具有不同的检索质量并就此提出一种基于主题偏好的排序方法。利用Beeferman聚类方法对检索主题划分,通过Borda排序算法对元搜索引擎获得条目进行基于主题的分类排序,以此来提高元搜索查询质量和改善用户体验。     

多搜索引擎权重计算及搜索结果排序质量评估

搜索引擎在多成员搜索引擎搜索结果的整合过程中,搜索结果的排序在很大程度上决定着元搜索引擎的服务质量。为了实现搜索结果的有效整合,目前技术主要结合查询请求、文档内容、初始排序或（和）赋予搜索成员搜索引擎权重等因素。其中采用赋予搜索引擎权重时,往往根据用户和技术人员经验,主观地进行赋值,不能体现真实的用户搜索偏好。为此,提出了通过挖掘用户搜索及遍历情况,动态地赋予各成员搜索引擎权重的方法。通过用户遍历及点击下载情况,得到了用户搜索遍历与返回结果的匹配度,论证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

应用IP影响因子实现Intranet搜索个性化

相比较于Internet搜索,Intranet搜索拥有更多的信息来帮助提高搜索的精度。首先比较了Internet搜索和Intranet搜索的差异,提出了一种在基于相似度比较的查询结果排序算法中加入IP影响因子的改进算法。在开源搜索引擎模块Lucene的基础上实现了这种算法,并设计了一个实验,证明了这种算法改进的可行性和有效性。     

基于主题相似度模型的TS-PageRank算法

PageRank算法是著名搜索引擎Google的核心算法,但存在主题漂移的问题,致使搜索结果中存在过多与查询主题无关的网页.在分析PageRank算法及其有关改进算法的基础上,提出了基于虚拟文档的主题相似度模型和基于主题相似度模型的TS-PageRank算法框架.只要选择不同的相似度计算模型,就可以得到不同的TS-PageRank算法,形成一个网页排序算法簇.理论分析和数值仿真实验表明,该算法在不需要额外文本信息,也不增加算法时空复杂度的情况下,就能极大地减少主题漂移现象,从而提高查询效率和质量.     

基于用户兴趣的PageRank算法改进策略

随着互联网海量信息的不断涌现,根据用户的兴趣提供相关查询结果,是现有搜索引擎要考虑的一个问题,PageRank算法是基于链接的排序算法,已在Google搜索引擎广泛应用,但其忽略了用户个性化需求。采用网页预分类技术,来表示用户查询的兴趣度,进一步提出改进传统的PageRank算法,从而能适当提高用户在使用搜索引擎方面的个性化需求。     

基于Nutch 的垂直搜索引擎系统

由于通用搜索引擎搜索精度不高,而国内各大物流港口搜索有效性较低,设计基于Nutch的港口物流垂直搜索引擎系统,实现了各个港口物流信息的快捷查询和共享。系统采用了基于向量空间模型的主题相关度判别算法并对该算法进行改进,加入元数据判别机制和重要标签所包含关键词的加权处理。加入“隧道处理”机制,以处理主题网页分离的问题,并且修改了检索结果排序的源代码,使其更适应垂直搜索引擎的要求。     

基于用户评价的查询串与搜索结果特征权重计算

提出了利用大量用户评价结果来进行特征权重的计算方法,用于解决搜索引擎中查询串与搜索结果的相似度分析。该方法完全利用用户对搜索结果的“潜在评价”来进行。用户对输入查询串所做的点击反映了其内部的关联性,该文提出的方法可获取这种关联性,对该问题建立了数学模型,利用EM算法解决了特征权重的计算。由于模型的函数比较复杂,难于计算其收敛性,因此,使用了模拟退火算法作为EM算法的补充,用于验证算法的收敛性。实验使用百度搜索引擎在竞价广告上进行,提取的测试数据样本为100个广告和144 132个query,获得的数据结果显示,所有特征收敛到全局最优解,抽样部分数据获得检索相似准确率为93.32%,召回率为87.43%。     

基于短信的移动搜索二次排序算法

针对基于短信的移动搜索软件平台中的中间软件模块,提出一种能够适应多种搜索引擎的二次排序算法ISEH。该算法考虑移动终端屏幕小、存储及处理能力弱等特点,对搜索引擎第1次查询返回的结果集从内部相似度和外部热度进行综合评估,得出最终的排序结果。基于Linux平台的算法仿真实验表明,该算法能克服传统搜索引擎海量信息返回、准确度低等缺陷,将查询满意度因子提升到63.57%,并提高了移动搜索效率。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.