紫外线杀菌技术在炼油厂循环冷却水系统中的应用

某公司采用紫外线杀菌技术对炼油厂循环水进行杀菌处理,在国内同行业中尚属首次成功应用。实践证明,经紫外线杀菌系统处理后循环水中异氧菌个数平均为1×103,优于药剂杀菌效果近100倍,完全达到循环水异氧菌数的指标要求,该系统的运行成本较低,每吨循环水处理成本仅为0.012元,取得了较好的效果。紫外线杀菌技术在炼油厂循环冷却水系统中的成功应用,为传统的工业循环水杀菌工艺提出了一条新的技术路径。     

循环水中氯离子容许浓度问题的探讨

<正> 在烟台合成革厂循环水设计中,外商对循环水水质提出技术要求,其中之一,要求循环水中氯离子浓度控制在100PPM以下,理由是:合成革厂生产装置中,有许多用循环水冷却的不锈钢设备,不锈钢在氯离子溶液中容易发生应力腐蚀破裂。烟台合成革厂水源地原水水质,含氯离子55PPM左右,针对这种水质,有二种方案可供选择。一是对原水作脱氯处理,循环水氯离子容许浓度100PPM,如果,循环水浓缩倍数为3～5倍,那末,原水氯离子浓度须降到33PPM(3倍时)或20PPM(5倍时)以下。另一方案是,对原水不作脱氯处理,降低循环水浓缩倍率,以满足循环水氯离子容     

软化水作为电石生产循环水补充水的工艺研究

介绍了电石生产配套循环水系统的运行现状,分析了循环水系统运行中存在的问题.根据现场实际情况,通过技术改造,首次在电石生产上引进全自动软化水设施产水作为循环水补充水技术.分析比较运行效果,指出全自动软化水设施产水作为电石生产循环水补充水技术在行业内有较好的推广意义.     

脱硫循环水改造与经济分析

介绍了脱硫循环水改造的技术方案、工艺流程,提出了直接冷却循环水和间接冷却循环水的各自特点,并对项目改造作了经济分析.     

浅谈工业循环水处理的机理与方法的研究

工业循环水主要是用在冷却水的系统中,循环水的目的是节约用水.工业循环水中具有较多不稳定的沉淀物、悬浮物、胶体、溶解气体以及各种化学离子,工业循环水处理技术在近年来获得了较大的进步和发展.本文对工业循环水的处理机理进行了分析和了解,并对循环水处理的化学方法和物理方法进行了研究,目的是为了提高工业循环水的重复利用.     

电化学与药剂联合处理循环水控制节水技术应用研究

某炼厂基于节水减排的需求，采用增设电化学装置作为改造方案，对循环水系统进行升级改造。为将循环水钙硬度+总碱度控制在1 000 mg/L以下，综合考虑电化学装置的处理能力、补水水质情况和业主要求的2 a收回改造成本的目标，确定将升级改造后系统的浓缩倍率提高至7倍。以该电化学节水技术升级改造的电化学与药剂联合处理循环水控制的节水系统为案例进行分析，连续运行0.5 a后，升级改造后使该循环水系统的浓缩倍率由4倍提高到7倍以上，循环补水量降低了19.7%，排污量降低了64.5%。并分析了电化学节水技术的经济性。升级改造后，系统的缓蚀阻垢剂和杀菌剂投加量分别降低了50%和98%，每年可节省约155万元。     

提高循环水浓缩倍数的方法

内蒙古亿利化学工业有限公司循环水补充水水质硬度、碱度高,在自然pH值运行下,循环水浓缩倍数最高只能控制在2倍,为了节省水资源,该公司采用加硫酸调节循环水pH值的方法降低循环水碱度来提高循环水浓缩倍数。     

炼油废水再生回用于循环冷却水系统技术研究

炼油企业高含盐含油废水,经过油水分离、混凝、气溶气浮除油、生化处理、过滤等处理,再经过RO膜分离技术,使其达到工业循环水补充水的质量标准,以此再生水作为循环水系统的补充水,在5倍浓缩下进行缓蚀阻垢试验、动态模拟试验及现场工业化应用,循环水系统主要控制指标均优于现有国家标准及中石化标准。     

油水分离技术在钢厂浊循环水处理改造中的应用

循环冷却水水质状况直接影响到钢厂浊循环水的应用,如何有效去除循环水中的油类和氧化铁皮是整个处理过程的技术关键.作者通过对某钢厂浊循环水处理工程的技术改造设计及运行实际效果的分析,阐述了油水分离技术的过程与原理、设计参数,以及该项技术在浊循环水处理中的应用及效果.     

加酸提高全有机碱性水稳剂循环水浓缩倍数的运行

通过对循环水全有机碱性水质稳定剂实际应用情况的研究,结合饱和指数（Is）、稳定指数（RIS）、结垢指数（PSI）等指数的计算,在保证循环水水质稳定的前提下,通过适度加酸改变原设计的自然pH值运行方式,将循环水浓缩倍数由3倍提升至5倍运行,达到降低循环水药剂消耗和补水耗量的同时减少排污水量,实现节能减排的目的。     

一种先进的水处理技术在循环水系统中的应用

介绍了中国石油吉林石化公司电石厂441B循环水场,采用世界先进的水处理技术——纳尔科公司的3D TRASAR缓蚀阻垢技术、使循环水系统在高浓缩倍数下平稳运行,取得了良好的经济效益。     

水侵气藏产水量预测模型研究

大多数气田在开发的中、后期中都会出现边水推进、底水锥进等出水问题,出水量大小影响气井的生产.如果能准确预测气井出水量,就可以对气井采取最佳的排水采气工艺措施,保证气井正常生产.本文采用生产动态资料与物质平衡方法相结合的手段,提出预测气井产水量预测模型.结果表明,在地层和生产数据准确基础上,该模型能准确的预测未来一段时间后的产水量.该模型不仅适用于预测单井,对整个油藏产水量预测也适用.     

优化气分操作,降低丙烯含水量

本文分析了大庆石化公司重油催化裂化联合装置丙烯产品中水含量超标的原因,提出了解决措施,并介绍了目前丙烯深度脱水的技术,意在通过探讨,降低丙烯含水量。     

The role of desalination in bridging the water gap in Jordan

The water resources of Jordan have always been scarce. The demand for water in the country exceeds the available resources and the gap between the water supply and demand is continuously increasing. Furthermore, the quality of water resources has dramatically deteriorated in recent years, which prevented the utilization of some resources. To secure the economic sustainability of the country, it is important at this stage to consider non-conventional water resources, such as sea and brackish water desalination. This study examines the water resources of Jordan, projected water demand, and the gap between the demand and supply based on two scenarios. The possibility of closing this gap by water desalination was investigated. Both sea and brackish water desalination were considered. The analysis revealed that seawater desalination process is economically infeasible for domestic water uses at this stage. This is attributed to that Jordan is not an oil producing country and the location of sea shoreline in Aqaba is on the Red Sea, away from the consumption centers. However, seawater desalination may be a viable option for tourist and industrial enterprises that will be established as a result of the new Law of Aqaba Free Zone. The most convenient and realistic option for Jordan in the short term, is the desalination of brackish water by reverse osmosis (RO). The brackish water with total dissolved solids between 2000-10000 mg/l is available from many aquifers and springs of the country. The study concluded that Jordan is facing a severe water crisis. Until recently, the water planners have not given the water desalination the required attention as a potential source of water supply. Taking into account the progress that is being achieved in the field of desalination technology, Jordan has to consider the desalination option more seriously and to start building a national capacity in the field of water desalination. It was emphasized that desalination is not a substitute to traditional water resources, it is rather a supplementary source that can contribute in bridging the water gap of the country.     

水平井开采底水油藏三维物理模拟实验

本文采用射线透视技术、流动测试技术和数控装置,建立三维的大型物理模拟模型,观察水平井开采底水油藏时水脊脊进过程,分析其典型的数据曲线,研究水脊形成与发展机理及重要的进出口动态变化特征参数。     

Preparation,water absorbent and mechanical properties of water swellable rubber

Abstract

Water swellable rubber was prepared by blending styrene butadiene rubber as a matrix, cross-linked poly sodium polyacrylate (PAANa) as a high absorbent water resin, copolymer styrene maleic anhydride as a compatibiliser and polyethylene glycol as an absorbent accelerant. The preparation process was described. The effects of various preparation conditions, such as amount of sulphur, ratio of silicon dioxide to nanocalcium carbonate, amount of PAANa and amount of compatibiliser, on its water absorbency and mechanical properties were investigated by orthogonal tests. The optimal reaction conditions were 2 portion (phr) sulphur, 28∶12 silicon dioxide/nanocalcium carbonate, 60 phr PAANa and 5 phr compatibiliser. Furthermore, the vulcanisation property of the rubber was measured.     

A novel systemic approach to water resources optimisation in areas with limited water resources

Water is a constrained natural resource and in many areas of the planet water shortage is considered to be one of the most important issues to be resolved. This is certainly true for many Greek islands, where there is serious water shortage especially during the summer, thus hindering the development of the islands. The aim of the present work is to propose a method for the optimisation of water systems, i.e. the optimal water supply and distribution under conditions of water shortage, as they appear in the Aegean islands. In the water systems under consideration, the total demand as expressed by the users may exceed water availability. In this case, priorities between conflicting demands need to be taken into account. More specifically, the work describes the mathematical model that has been developed for the optimal allocation of water to various users from different sources with varying supply costs and water use values. Technical and environmental parameters are taken into account in the optimisation problem. Special emphasis is given to the implementation of the method in specific Aegean islands with water shortage. The novel feature of the work lies in the fact that it proposes an integrated framework for the solution of water resources optimisation, taking into account various problem parameters and thus resulting in important conclusions concerning supply sources, required infrastructure projects, water cost and value creating from the exploitation of water resources.     

Integrated water resource management through water reuse network design for clean production technology: State of the art

This article considers new and existing technologies for water reuse networks for water and wastewater minimization. For the systematic design of water reuse networks, the theory of the water pinch methodology and the mathematical optimization are described, which are proved to be effective in identifying water reuse opportunities. As alternative solutions, evolutionary solutions and stochastic design approaches to water system design are also illustrated. And the project work flow and an example in a real plant are examined. Finally, as development is in the forefront in process industries, this paper will also explore some research challenges encountered in this field such as simultaneous water and energy minimization, energy-pinch design, and eco-industrial parks (EIP).     

组合预处理工艺在处理阳澄湖微污染原水中的作用

根据自来水厂生产中微量污染原水的处理方法研究,发现可以通过一项组合式添加物预处理工艺,来达到出厂水水质的要求,即在取水头部按时投放添加剂高锰酸钾和粉末活性炭,经处理后,可有效地去除出厂水中的耗氧量、氨氮,降低水中的色度和臭味。     

纳米二氧化钛在水处理中的研究进展

介绍了纳米TiO2制备方法及光催化氧化还原机理,概述了纳米TiO2光催化技术在降解农药废水、含油废水、染料废水、造纸废水及自来水处理中的应用,提出了纳米TiO2在水处理应用中存在的问题及解决措施,并对TiO2光催化材料在水处理中的发展趋势进行了展望。