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利用淀粉制备可生物降解的淀粉基塑料并替代传统的石化产品合成非降解塑料,对改善并解决白色污染问题有重要意义。由于淀粉本身力学性能较差,需要对其进行物理或化学改性,以提高其力学性能。本文综述了常见的改性方法有:热塑性处理,使淀粉转变为热塑性淀粉,以改善淀粉的延展性能和成膜性;将淀粉和高聚物(PVA、PLA、PBAT)共混制备的复合降解塑料,较纯淀粉基塑料成膜性能和力学性能明显改善;将淀粉与增强剂(纤维素、壳聚糖、木质素、石墨烯等)共混,产品的力学性能、阻水性能、热稳定性、透氧性、透明度等性能得以改善,成本降低;在制备淀粉基塑料的过程中添加增塑剂,可干扰淀粉分子间强的相互作用,使其柔韧性增加。淀粉基生物降解塑料作为包装材料在食品、农业、制药等行业具有广泛的应用潜力。 相似文献
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淀粉基降解塑料的研究进展 总被引:24,自引:1,他引:24
综述了国内外淀粉基降解塑料的研究和开发现状及淀粉表面处理技术,淀粉的细化和增塑、淀粉与聚合物的增容技术以及及降解塑料的加工性能,降解性能等当前重点研究内容,并讨论了降解塑料的应用及发展前景。 相似文献
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综述了国内外淀粉基降解塑料的研究和开发现状及淀粉表面处理技术、淀粉的细化和增塑、淀粉与聚合物的增容技术以及降解塑料的加工性能、降解性能等当前重点研究内容,并讨论了降解塑料的应用及发展前景. 相似文献
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芭蕉芋淀粉基可降解塑料膜研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
利用芭蕉芋淀粉和PVA以及增塑剂、交联剂及其它助剂相混,通过交联作用和流延成型方法,形成可降解塑料膜。研究了对该膜强度和延伸率的影响因素。 相似文献
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可生物降解聚合物中的层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料,可极大提高其力学性能,但同时会影响到材料的降解速率。研究纳米填料对可生物降解聚合物降解速率的影响及降解机理的变化,可拓宽其应用领域。综述聚乳酸(PLA)、淀粉、聚己内酯(PCL)、纤维素、聚羟基烷脂肪酸酯(PHA)、聚琥珀酸丁二醇酯(PBS)等可生物降解聚合物基层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料制备及降解性能研究现状及进展。 相似文献
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淀粉基热塑性生物降解塑料的研制 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
以干法改性淀粉为主要原料 ,通过由V (甘油 )∶V (乙二醇 ) =1∶2组成的复合增塑剂的增塑 ,添加增强剂PX和增溶剂EAA ,共混后可研制出淀粉基热塑性生物降解塑料。研究表明 ,该塑料中w (改性淀粉 ) =5 0 %~ 70 % ,其他添加成分也均可生物降解 ,具有良好的机械性能。生物降解实验显示其在 90d后降解率达 5 0 %以上 相似文献
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论述了国内淀粉基降解塑料研究及生产技术现状,认为淀粉基降解塑料的开发和应用仍是解决废弃塑料污染环境问题的有效途径之一,在一次性使用塑料领域中禁止非降解塑料的使用已是大势所趋,淀粉基降解塑料将会在更大范围内得到推广和应用。 相似文献
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Anton A. Apostolov Stoyko Fakirov Michail Evstatiev Jürgen Hoffmann Klaus Friedrich 《大分子材料与工程》2002,287(10):693-697
Compression‐molded gelatin/starch (1:1 w/w) blend shows improved mechanical properties as compared to neat gelatin. Compression molded laminates reinforced by fabrics were prepared from this blend as well as from neat gelatin. The fabric is either linen or silk. Some of the laminates were additionally crosslinked with methylenedi‐p‐phenyl diisocyanate. Thus a total of ten different samples were obtained. They were characterized by means of mechanical testing, namely measuring of Young's modulus, tensile strength, elongation at break, and impact strength. Substantial increases of Young's modulus and tensile strength in comparison to neat gelatin by a factor of 2–3 and 4–5, respectively, were found for both linen‐ and silk‐reinforced, uncrosslinked and crosslinked laminates. The deformation at break increases much more for the linen‐based than for the silk‐based laminates (about 12 vs. 8 times in average) in comparison to both neat gelatin and gelatin/starch matrix. The improvement in the mechanical properties of the laminates is visible most drastically in the impact behavior. The impact strength is low and almost equal for the neat gelatin and the gelatin/starch samples, but increases by a factor of 10 to 30 when the silk‐ and linen‐reinforcement is involved. This improvement can be partly explained by the good matrix‐fabric adhesion due to their similar chemical composition (in the uncrosslinked samples) and also to the chemical links between them (after crosslinking). In addition, all materials prepared are biodegradable, i.e., environmentally friendly since they do not pollute the nature.
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《国际聚合物材料杂志》2012,61(7):411-420
Hydrogels are crosslinked polymer networks that can absorb a huge amount of water. The present review aims to give an overview of hydrogels based on starch and their various applications. The first part of the article gives an overview of hydrogels' synthesis. The second part includes applications of starch-based hydrogels in specific fields of interest. 相似文献