La0.55Pr0.05NdxMg0.4-xNi3.3Al0.1(x = 0.10～0.20)储氢合金的研究Ⅱ:电化学性能

研究了La0.55Pr0.05NdxMg0.4-xNi3.3Al0.1(x=0.10,0.15,0.20)储氢合金的电化学性能.随着合金中Nd/Mg比的增加,合金电极的放电平台逐渐降低,电极极化减小.x=0.15的合金具有较高的电化学容量(372mAh·g-1),而x=0.10的合金具有较好的倍率放电能力(HRD1800=73.1%).合金电极的循环寿命随着Nd含量的增加而逐渐改善.合金电极的电化学阻抗谱(EIS)表明,随Nd含量减小,合金电极的电荷迁移电阻逐渐减小,动力学性能增强.线性极化测试表明,随着Nd/Mg比的减小,合金电极表面的电化学反应速率增加.通过合金电极阳极电流对时间响应的半对数曲线计算的氢扩散系数随着Nd/Mg比降低而增加,说明合金内部的氢扩散能力也提高.     

稀土含量对La0.7)(Pr0.75Nd0.25)xMg0.3Ni3.3(Co0.7Al0.3)0.3（x=0.0～0.3）合金电极电化学性能影响

在氩气保护条件下用高频感应悬浮熔炼法制备La0.7(Pr0.75Nd0.25)xMg0.3Ni3.3(Co0.7Al0.3)0.3(x=0.0,0.1,0.2,0.3)合金,研究混合稀土含量对合金储氢和电化学性能的影响。合金XRD相分析结果表明,合金相主要由LaNi5,(La,Pr)Mg2Ni9,(La,Nd)2Ni7和LaNi3相组成。随着Pr和Nd含量的增加,合金吸氢量先增加后减小,最大吸氢量为1.42%(质量分数)(x=0.2),放氢平台变短坪斜增加。合金电极电化学测试表明,电极最大放电容量为378 mAh·g-1(x=0.2),放电容量保持率S100从53.2%(x=0.0)增加到56.2%(x=0.3),增加Pr和Nd的含量可以提高电极的循环稳定性。合金电极电化学阻抗谱、线性极化、Tafel极化和循环伏安特性研究表明,添加适量的Pr和Nd可以提高电极动力学性能。当x=0.1时,合金电极电荷传递电阻Rct和极化电阻Rp较小,交换电流密度I0、极限电流密度IL以及阳极峰电流密度Ip较大,合金电极动力学性能较好。     

化学计量比对无镨钕贮氢合金结构与性能影响

通过感应熔炼法制备了La_(0. 75)Ce_(0. 25)(NiCoMnAl)x(x=4. 95,5. 05,5. 15,5. 25)系列合金,对该系列合金进行了XRD测试并分析了合金的相结构;采用双电极方法测试了其电化学性能,并对其进行了PCT气态吸放氢测试。结果表明:四个样品均为CaCu_5结构的LaNi_5相,化学计量比调整没有改变合金的相组成;合金的最大吸氢量随化学计量比的增大而逐渐减小,平台压力先降低后逐渐增大;随着化学计量比的逐渐增加,合金的放电容量逐渐减小;高倍率性能先升高后降低,当计量比为5. 05时合金的3C HRD值达到最大为89. 6%;合金的循环稳定性随化学计量比的增大而提高。     

化学计量比对稀土-镁基合金结构和性能的影响

文章研究不同化学计或比的稀土-镁基贮氢合金Mn0.9Mg0.1(NiCoMnAl)5x(x=0.75,0.80,0.85,0.90)相的结构和电化学性能.研究表明,Mn0.9Mg0.1(NiCoMnAl)5x合金的主相均由LaNi5相和LaNi3相组成.但当x≤0.80时,合金中还有LaNi2.28相析出.合金电极的最大放电容量和高倍率性能都随着x值的增大先增加后减少,当x=0.80时,都达到最大值;合金电极在243 K时的放电容量随着x值的增加有显著提高;合金电极的循环稳定性随着x值增大而提高.     

Co含量对La0.55Pr0.05Nd0.15Mg0.25Ni3.5-xCoxAl0.25（x=0～0.4）储氢合金电极性能的影响

采用电磁感应悬浮炉制备La0.55Pr0.05Nd0.15Mg0.25Ni3.5-xCoxAl0.25(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4)系列合金,研究Co含量对合金的相结构、吸放氢性能和电化学性能的影响。研究结果表明,该系列合金主要由LaNi5、Nd2Ni7相组成。当Co含量大于0.2时,合金中出现La2Ni7相。压强-吸氢量-温度(Pressure-Content-Temprature)测试显示在303 K温度下,合金具有良好的吸氢性能,当x=0.4时合金的最大吸氢量为1.29(质量分数,%)。电化学测试表明:随x值变化,合金电极的最大放电容量分别为340.0(x=0.0)、346.6(x=0.1)、370.0(x=0.2)、320.0(x=0.3)和346.6(mA.h)/g(x=0.4);随Co含量增加,合金电极容量保持率不断增加,高倍率放电性能先增加后减小,循环伏安曲线、氢在合金体中的扩散系数D共同反映了合金电极的动力学特性。     

镁含量对稀土-镁-镍系A2B7型储氢合金电极自放电性能的影响

系统研究了Mg元素对退火态A2B7型储氢合金La0.7-xY0.1Gd0.2MgxNi3.35Al0.15(x=0～0.4)电极自放电性能的影响。结果表明,退火态合金主要由Ce2Ni7(或Gd2Co7)型、Pr5Co19型、CaCu5型和PuNi3型相组成,Mg含量对合金组成和相结构有重要的影响,低镁含量有利于提高合金组织中Ce2Ni7型相的丰度,高镁含量易出现大量的CaCu5型和PuNi3型相。电化学测试表明,循环稳定性及电化学放电容量随Mg含量的增加而呈现先降低后升高的趋势,x=0.15,0.17合金电极具有最高的循环稳定性(S100=90%)和最大的电化学放电容量(368mAh.g-1)。Mg含量对合金电极的荷电保持率和开路电位影响显著,搁置7 d后的电极荷电保持率从7.9%(x=0)增加到59.7%(x=0.17),然后又降低到1.8%(x=0.4),表明适量的Mg含量可以改善合金的自放电性能,其中合金电极自放电时的可逆容量损失占97.5%以上,不可逆损失仅占0.4%～2.5%。合金电极的荷电保持率随合金PCT曲线放氢平台压力的升高而减小,其中氢致非晶态(x=0)和具有较高放氢平台压力的多相组织合金电极(x=0.4)的自放电率较大,荷电保持率最小。合金的腐蚀电流Icorr与电极的不可逆容量损失存在一定对应关系,当x=0.15～0.17时,合金的耐腐电流较小,其自放电时的不可逆容量损失最低,循环寿命也较佳。     

化学计量比对AB5型贮氢合金相结构及电化学性能的影响

对低钴稀土系贮氢合金Ml(Ni0.78Co0.08Al0.06Mn0.08)x(4.8≤x≤5.4)的相结构及电化学性能进行了研究.结果表明在4.8≤x≤5.2的合金中除CaCu5型结构的主相之外,还出现LaNi3第二相,而且合金中第二相(LaNi3)的析出量随着x值的增大而减少,化学计量比x=5.4的合金则有富镍相析出,B侧合金化使低钴贮氢合金形成单相AB5型合金的化学计量比由x=5.0增大至5.2～5.4之间.四种不同化学计量比合金的活化性能都较好,合金的最大放电容量随化学计量比x的增大而增加,过化学计量比(x=5.4)合金具有最大的放电容量,最优的放电电压特性及最佳的循环稳定性,且其高倍率放电性能也较好.     

不同化学计量比稀土镁基贮氢电极合金结构和电化学性能

用冷坩锅磁悬浮熔炼的方法制备了不同化学计量比的La0.7Mg0.3(Ni0.85Co0.15)x(x=3.0,3.1,3.2,3.3,3.4,3.5)稀土镁基贮氢电极合金,采用X射线衍射和三电极测试体系研究了合金的相结构和电化学性能。X射线衍射分析结果表明,该系列合金均由(La,Mg)Ni3相、(La,Mg)2Ni7相、LaNi5相及少量杂质相组成,为多相结构;随着化学计量比x的增加,(La,Mg)Ni3相的含量降低,相应LaNi5相的含量增加。电化学测试结果表明,该系列合金的最大放电容量均高于目前已商品化的稀土基AB5型贮氢电极合金的最大放电容量(310~330 mAh.g-1),且当x=3.4时,合金的最大放电容量可达395.4 mAh.g-1,较AB5型合金高约30%,是合金中各相的含量比例较为合适的结果;该系列合金活化性能、倍率放电性能良好,并随着化学计量比x的增加得到进一步改善,这与同时作为贮氢相和催化相的LaNi5相含量的增加有关;在电化学吸放氢循环过程中,合金的循环稳定性较差,有待进一步提高。     

Mn含量对La0.65Mg0.35Ni3.1-xMnx(x=0.0～0.4)贮氢合金高温电化学性能的影响

研究了Mn含量对La0.65Mg0.35Ni3.1-xMnx(x=0.0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4)贮氢电极合金高温(333K)放电性能的影响.随Mn含量的增加,该系列合金电极在70 mA·g-1放电电流密度下的高温容量保持率从93.9%(x=0.0)增加到119.4%(x=0.4),而且,x＞0.1合金的高温容量保持率几乎相同.333K的电化学P-C-T曲线测试结果表明,Mn对Ni的部分代替明显降低了合金的放氢平台压,x＞0.1合金的吸/放氢平台滞后相对较小,说明x＞0.1合金的高温特性有所改善.腐蚀曲线测量结果表明,由于合金中Mn的存在,合金电极的腐蚀电流Icorr减小,腐蚀电位Ecorr正移,表明合金的耐腐蚀性能增强.     

Ce替代La对合金LaNi4.5Al0.5储氢性能及热力学的影响

金属Ce替代LaNi_4.5Al_0.5合金中的La用以提高金属吸/放氢热力学性能。通过研究合金La_1-xCe_xNi_4.5Al_0.5(x=0～0.4)的相结构、储氢热力学以及吸/放氢动力学发现,所制备的合金主相为六方晶系LaNi₅相;随着Ce替代量的增加(x=0～0.4),合金晶体结构中a轴呈现减小的趋势、c轴及各向异性(c/a)呈现出先增大后减小再增大的趋势;储氢性能测试表明,随着Ce替代量的增加,合金的吸/放氢平台压升高,最大储氢量减小;合金吸/放氢反应热优化程度与各向异性(c/a)呈现出相同趋势,当x=0.2时,合金吸放氢反应焓变分别降低至26.33 kJ/mol和24.30 kJ/mol。     

Effect of praseodymium substitution for lanthanum on structure and properties of La0.65-xPrxNd0.12Mg0.23Ni3.4Al0.1（X=0.00-0.20） hydrogen storage alloys

In order to investigate the effect of substituting La with Pr on structural and hydrogen storage properties of La-Mg-Ni system (AB3.5-type) hydrogen storage alloys, a series of La0.65-xPrxNd0.12Mg0.23Ni3.4Al0.1(x=0, 0.10, 0.15, 0.2) hydrogen storage alloys were prepared. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) analyses revealed that two alloys (x=0.0 and 0.10) were composed of (La, Mg)2(Ni,Al)7 phase, La(Ni,Al)5 phase and (La,Mg)Ni2 phase, while other alloys (x=0.15 and 0.20) consisted of (La,Mg)2(Ni,Al)7 phase, La(Ni,Al)5 phase, (La,Mg)Ni2 phase and (La, Mg)(Ni,Al)3 phase. All alloys showed, however, only one pressure plateau in P-C isotherms. The Pr/La ratio in alloy composition influenced hydrogen storage capacity and kinetics properties. Elec-trochemical studies showed that the discharge capacity decreased from 360 mAh/g (x=0.00) to 335 mAh/g (x=0.20) as x increased. But the high-rate dischargeability (HRD) of alloy electrodes increased from 26% (x=0.00) to 56% (x=0.20) at a discharge current density of Id=1800 mA/g. Anode polarization measurements were done to further understand the electrochemical kinetics properties after Pr substitution.     

A study on hydrogen storage and electrochemical properties of La_（0.55）Pr_（0.05）Nd_（0.15）Mg_（0.25）Ni_（3.5） （Co_（0.5）Al_（0.5））_x （x=0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5） alloys

The La0.55Pr0.05Nd0.15Mg0.25Ni3.5(Co0.5Al0.5)x(x=0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5) alloys were prepared by magnetic levitation melting under an Ar atmosphere, and the effects of Co and Al on the hydrogen storage and electrochemical properties were systematically investigated by pressure composition isotherms, cyclic voltammetry, Tafel polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy testing. The results showed that the alloy phases were mainly consisted of (La,Pr)(Ni,Co)5, LaMg2Ni9, (La,Nd)2Ni7 and LaNi3 phases, and the cell volumes of (La,Pr)(Ni,Co)5, LaMg2Ni9, (La,Nd)2Ni7 and LaNi3 phases expanded with Co and Al element added. The hydrogen storage capacity initially increased from 1.36 (x=0) to 1.47 wt.% (x=0.3) and then decreased to 1.22 wt.% (x=0.5). The discharge capacity retention and cycle stability of the alloy electrodes were improved with the increase of Co and Al contents. The La0.55Pr0.05Nd0.15Mg0.25Ni3.5(Co0.5Al0.5)0.3 alloy electrode possessed better electrochemical kinetic characteristic.     

Structure and electrochemical hydrogen storage characteristics of the as-cast and annealed La0.8-xSmxMg0.2Ni3.15Co0.2Al0.1Si0.05 （x=0-0.4） alloys

In order to ameliorate the electrochemical cycle stability of the RE-Mg-Ni based A2B7-type electrode alloys, the Mg content in the alloy was reduced and La in the alloy was partially substituted by Sm. The La0.8-xSmxMg0.2Ni3.15Co0.2Al0.1Si0.05 (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) elec-trode alloys were fabricated by casting and annealing. The microstructures of the as-cast and annealed alloys were characterized by XRD and SEM. The electrochemical hydrogen storage characteristics of the as-cast and annealed alloys were measured. The results revealed that all of the experimental alloys mainly consisted of two phases: (La,Mg)2Ni7 phase with the hexagonal Ce2Ni7-type structure and LaNi5 phase with the hexagonal CaCu5-type structure. As Sm content grew from 0 to 0.4, the discharge capacity and the high rate discharge ability (HRD) first in-creased and then decreased for the as-cast and annealed alloys, whereas the capacity retaining rate (S100) after 100 cycles increased continuously.     

(La_xNd_y)_(0.90)Mg_(0.10)Ni_(3.09)Mn_(0.12)Co_(0.60)Al_(0.13)贮氢合金自放电性能研究

为了提高La-Mg-Ni基贮氢合金的荷电保持率,本文研究了La/Nd比的变化对La-Mg-Ni基贮氢合金自放电性能的影响。随着Nd替代La量的增加,(LaxNdy)0.9Mg0.10Ni3.09Mn0.12Co0.60Al0.13(x/y=5,4,3,2,1)合金的荷电保持率先增大后减小,当x/y=4时,其荷电保持率达到最大值80.8%(318 K)。合金电极贮存后,FESEM-EDS和XRD分析表明,合金颗粒表面形成了Mg(OH)2和Nd(OH)3。P-C-T曲线和Tafel极化测试表明,随着Nd含量的增加,金属氢化物的稳定性呈现先增加后降低和腐蚀电流先减小后增大的规律。     

Effects of annealing on microstructures and electrochemical properties of La0.8Mg0.2Ni2.4Mn0.10Co0.55Al0.10 alloy

The La0.8Mg0.2Ni2.4Mn0.10Co0.55Al0.10 alloy was prepared by induction melting. The structural and morphological characterizations were performed by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical measurements were performed using LAND and CHI 660b electrochemical workstation. The main phases of the alloy were LaNi5 and (La,Mg)Ni3. After annealing, the maximum discharge capacity, cycle stability and high rate dischargeability (HRD) were improved obviously. The maximum discharge capacity reached 373.80 mAh/g (T=1173 K), the C100/Cmax(%) was 72.63% (T=1173 K), and the value of HRD reached 51.8% at a discharge current density of 1150 mA/g (T=1173 K). The cyclic voltammetry (CV) and potentiodynamic polarization were also studied.     

Phase Structure and Electrochemical Characteristics of Ml（Ni3.55Co0.75Mn0.40Al0.30）5x （x=0.88, 0.92, 0.96, 1.00） Hydrogen Storage Alloys

The phase structure and electrochemical characteristics of Ml （（Ni3.55Co0.75Mn0.40Al0.30）sx （ x = 0.88, 0.92, 0.96, 1.00） hydrogen storage alloys were studied. The effect of the stoichiometric ratio on the phase structure and electrochemical characteristics was analyzed. The results of XRD reveal that all the alloys consist mainly of LaNi5 phase with the hexagonal CaCu5 structure. But a few of the diffraction peaks of La2Ni7 phase on XRD pattern are observed when x ≤ 0.92, and with decreasing x, the intensity of La2Ni7 diffraction peaks increases and the values of lattice parameters a and cell volume increase, c and c/a of LaNi5 phase decrease gradually. When x≥0.96, La2Ni7 phase disappears and the alloys become single CaCu5-type. The electrochemical tests show that the maximum discharge capacity, high rate dischargeability and low temperature dischargeability are improved to different degrees by adjusting the stoichiometric ratio.     

Influence of rapid quenching on cyclic stability of La-Mg-Ni system （AB3-type） electrode alloys

Aiming at the improvement of the cyclic stability of La-Mg-Ni system （PuNi3-type） hydrogen storage alloy, Ni in the alloy was partly substituted by Fe. The electrode alloys of La0.7Mg0.3Co0.45Ni255-xFex （x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4） were prepared by casting and rapid quenching. The influence of the quenching on cyclic stability as well as structure of the alloys was investigated in detail. The results of electrochemical measurement indicated that rapid quenching significantly improved cyclic stability. When the quenching rate rose from 0 （As-cast was defined as a quenching rate of 0 m/s） to 30 m/s, the cyclic life of Fe-free alloy （x=-0） increased from 81 to 105 cycles, and for alloy containing Fe（x=0.4）, it grew from 106 to 166 cycles at a current density of 600 mA/g. The results obtained by XRD, TEM and SEM revealed that the as-cast and quenched alloys had multiphase structures, including two major phases （La, Mg）Ni3 and LaNi5 as well as an imptLrity phase LaNi2. Rapid quenching helped the formation of an amorphous-like structure in Fe containing alloys.     

Influence of magnesium on electrochemical properties of RE3-xMgx(Ni0.7Co0.2Mn0.1)9（x=0.5-1.25） alloy electrodes

RE3-xMgx(Ni0.7Co0.2Mn0.1)9 (x=0.5-1.25) alloys were prepared by induction melting and the influence of the partial substitution of RE (where RE stands for La-rich mischmetal) by Mg on the hydrogen storage and electrochemical properties of the alloys were investigated systematically. These alloys mainly consisted of three phases, La(Ni,Mn,Co)5 phase, La2Ni7 phase and Mg2Ni phase. The P-C-T isotherms showed that with Mg content increasing in the alloys, the hydrogen storage capacity first increased and reached the maximum capacity of 1.36 wt.% when x=1.0, and then decreased with x increasing further. Electrochemical studies revealed that the discharge capacity reached the maximum value of 380 mAh/g and the alloy electrode presented better cyclic stability when RE/Mg=2. The high rate discharge ability of the alloy electrodes was also improved by the substitution of Mg for RE. The RE2Mg(Ni0.7Co0.2Mn0.1)9 alloy exhibited better hydrogen absorption kinetics (x=1.0).)     

Electrochemical Properties of Sn Doped AB_5 Non-Stoichiometric Hydrogen Absorbing Alloys-Ⅱ

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