硅基ZnO纳米棒阵列异质结太阳能电池的水热合成及其光伏性能

通过低温水热法,在图案化的p型硅衬底上合成氧化锌（ZnO）纳米棒阵列薄膜,制备出具有p-Si/n-ZnO纳米棒（NR）阵列结构的异质结太阳能电池（HSCs）。通过直流磁控溅射技术,分别在前后面板溅射沉积ITO和Al膜接触电极层。研究ZnO籽晶层的退火温度、ZnO纳米棒阵列水热合成的时间等因素对ZnO纳米棒阵列的晶体结构、表面形貌和光学性能的影响。p-Si/n-ZnO纳米棒阵列HSCs的最佳短路电流密度和总能量转换效率分别为11.475 mA·cm^-2和2.0%。相比p-Si/n-ZnO薄膜HSCs,p-Si/n-ZnO纳米棒阵列HSCs的光伏性能得到了有效提高。     

有机电解液中TiO2纳米管阵列的制备及其光电性能

在氟化铵/丙三醇电解液中,采用恒压直流阳极氧化法制备TiO2纳米管阵列,并研究其在空气热处理过程中的结晶行为,最后将管阵列作为光阳极组装成染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC),研究氧化时间和热处理温度对其光电性能的影响。结果表明:TiO2纳米管阵列的形成是一个随时间渐进演变的过程;随着氧化时间的延长,纳米管长度逐渐增大,当时间为70 h时,长度达到5μm左右;管阵列在空气中于400℃以下热处理后,由锐钛矿相构成,450和500℃热处理时,由锐钛矿相和金红石相构成,同时管阵列结构具有良好的高温稳定性。光电性能测试显示,20 V、70 h制备的TiO2纳米管阵列经450℃热处理后,组装成的染料敏化太阳能电池的(有效面积1 cm2)光电转换效率可达到0.989%。     

PAM辅助水热法制备形貌可控的ZnO纳米结构(英文)

采用PAM辅助水热法制备了形貌可控的ZnO纳米晶。X射线衍射分析表明,分别以水和丙三醇为溶剂制备的短棒和棒状的ZnO纳米晶是纤锌矿结构。场发射扫描电镜结果显示,短棒状ZnO的直径约200nm,长约1.5μm,而棒状ZnO的直径约100nm,长度约3μm。当ZnO形貌从短棒向棒状转变时,晶体纵横比从7.5转变成30。荧光光谱分析表明,位于400-450nm的紫峰强度随着形貌从短棒向棒状转变时增大,表明更细更长的ZnO一维纳米结构的缺陷越多;位于520-550nm的绿峰强度随着形貌从短棒向棒状转变时增大,表明更细更长的ZnO一维纳米结构的氧空位越多。并对不同溶剂对ZnO纳米晶形貌的影响机制及ZnO纳米晶在水热条件下的生长机理进行了探讨。     

ZnO纳米棒的制备及光催化性能研究

采用水热法制备ZnO纳米棒。利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)仪和透射电镜(TEM)对其结构和形貌分别进行表征,并通过紫外-可见分光光度计分析ZnO纳米棒光降解甲基紫来研究其光催化活性。结果表明,以氢氧化钠和醋酸锌为原料,聚丙烯酰胺为表面活性剂制备得到直径约26nm,长度达400nm的单晶纤锌矿结构的ZnO纳米棒。添加ZnO纳米棒光催化剂时的光降解率为70%,未加ZnO纳米棒的光降解率为30%,表明ZnO纳米棒具有很好的光催化活性。     

ZnO:Si透明导电薄膜厚度对其光电性能的影响

目的研究ZnO∶Si薄膜厚度对其生长速率、结晶度、光透率和电阻率的影响。方法用直流磁控溅射系统在玻璃基片上沉积不同的时间,获得5个厚度不同的ZnO∶Si薄膜样品,对比研究了其薄膜生长取向和结构特性、微观形貌、电学参数及透过率曲线。结果 5个ZnO∶Si薄膜样品都为多晶膜,具有单一的(002)衍射峰,沿垂直于基片的c轴方向择优生长。当薄膜厚度从207.6 nm增加到436.1 nm时,薄膜的晶粒尺寸增大,晶化程度提高,电阻率变小;膜厚增至497.8 nm时,薄膜的晶化程度反而降低,电阻率增加。在可见光范围内,5个薄膜样品的平均透过率都高于91.7%。结论膜厚对ZnO∶Si薄膜的电学性能有较大影响,对光学性能的影响则较小。     

垂直生长于锌基底的Co掺杂ZnO纳米棒阵列显著室温铁磁性能

通过简单的水热合成法在锌片基底上一步制备了Co掺杂的ZnO纳米棒阵列。纳米棒在基底上均匀分布,取向一致,垂直于基底大面积生长。样品结构均为六方纤锌矿结构,具有高结晶质量,不含其它杂相。随着Co掺杂浓度的增加,紫外发射峰强度逐渐下降,近带隙发射峰的半峰宽也较纯ZnO变宽。拉曼光谱显示Co的掺杂使纳米棒出现了氧空位和锌填隙本征缺陷。随着Co浓度的增加这些缺陷也随之增加。掺杂纳米棒阵列的磁滞回线表明样品具有明显的铁磁特征,并有较大的矫顽力Hc~660 Oe。这种ZnO基稀磁半导体纳米棒阵列是一种在自旋电子器件中具有应用潜力的纳米材料。     

Eu3+掺杂对钒酸钕纳米棒阵列形貌和荧光性能的影响(英文)

采用简单一锅水热法制备具有四方晶相的NdV04(t-NdV04)纳米棒阵列。通过X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)和选区电子衍射(SAED)技术对t-NdV04纳米棒阵列的物相、形貌和显微组织进行表征。所制备的t-NdVO₄纳米棒为单晶,长度约为100 nm,直径为25 nm,并且沿(112)晶面方向定向生长、自组装而成纳米棒阵列。研究表明,Eu³⁺掺杂会影响NdVO₄纳米棒阵列的形成,并导致Nd³⁺从⁴D_3/2状态到⁴I_11/2的最强光发射红移,并且在400 nm处急剧降低其荧光发射强度。研究结果对优化稀土钒酸盐的光致发光性能具有一定的参考价值。     

溅射气压对ZnO透明导电薄膜光电性能的影响

采用射频磁控溅射方法,在普通玻璃上制备了具有高度c轴取向的ZnO薄膜,研究了溅射气压(0.2～1.5 Pa)对ZnO薄膜的微观结构和光电性能的影响.AFM、XRD、UV-Vis分光光度计及四探针法研究表明:随着溅射气压的增大,ZnO薄膜沿c轴方向的结晶质量提高,晶粒细化,薄膜表面更加致密,晶粒大小更加均匀;ZnO薄膜在400～900nm范围内的平均透过率均高于85%,其中在0.5～1.5 Pa范围内其透过率高于90%;样品在高纯氮气气氛中经350 ℃,300 s退火后,电阻率最低达到10-2 Ω-cm量级.     

择优取向对氢化TiO2纳米管阵列电化学性能的影响

氢化TiO_2纳米管阵列具有良好的电化学性能,通过构筑TiO_2001取向结构可进一步提高氢化TiO_2纳米管阵列的电化学性能。本研究以Ti为基底,通过调节阳极氧化法醇-水配比及高温退火工艺的方法制备了具有不同取向程度的锐钛矿型TiO_2纳米管阵列,并对具有不同取向度的TiO_2纳米管阵列进行相同工艺参数电化学氢化处理,利用SEM、XPS、XRD、TEM及电化学测试等表征手段研究了制备工艺对取向结构的影响以及取向结构对氢化TiO_2纳米管阵列电化学性能的影响规律和作用机理。具有高度001择优取向结构的氢化TiO_2纳米管阵列放电比容量达到了17.31mF·cm~(-2),其优异的电化学性能主要归功于氢化与取向结构的协同效应。     

退火处理对氧化锌纳米棒形貌及气敏性能的影响（英文）

研究水热合成氧化锌纳米棒的高温热稳定性。采用X射线衍射和扫描电镜对氧化锌纳米棒的结构与形貌进行表征。采用热重分析研究氧化锌纳米棒在热处理过程中的失重情况。结果表明:在退火温度低于400°C时,氧化锌纳米棒具有较好的热稳定性。当退火温度超过600°C时,氧化锌纳米棒的长径比明显降低并且纳米棒的团聚趋势加剧。退火处理对氧化锌纳米棒的气敏性能具有显著影响。与未经退火处理的氧化锌纳米棒相比,经历400°C退火处理的氧化锌纳米棒对浓度为25×10-6的H2灵敏度可以从2.22提高至3.56。经历400°C热退火处理的氧化锌纳米棒对H2表现出最优的气敏性能。     

Effect of polyethyleneimine on the growth of ZnO nanorod arrays and their application in dye-sensitized solar cells

A series of oriented hexagonal wurtzite ZnO nanorod-array films were grown on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrates by chemical process. The effect of polyethyleneimine (PEI) on the structure and micro-morphology of ZnO nanorod array films, as well as the photoelectric conversion properties in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) was analyzed. It was found that with the addition of PEI in growth solution, the ZnO nanorods became smaller in diameter and longer in length and hence the dye absorption and the photovoltaic performance of DSSCs were improved. A power conversion efficiency of 2.30% had been achieved on a DSSC based on a 7.9 μm-long nanorod array film prepared by a growth solution containing the PEI.     

Fabrication of highly oriented ZnO nanorod arrays by galvanostatic deposition

Highly oriented ZnO nanorod arrays were suecessfully prepared on the indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate using a galvanostatic electrodeposition method.The ITO substrate was pretreated with ZnO nanoparticles via simple low-temperature solution route.The crystallinity,microstructure of surface,and optical properties of the obtained ZnO were characterized by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscope,and transmittance spectrum.The results indicate that the average diameter of ZnO nanorod arrays is about 30 nm,and the narrow size distribution ranges from 20 to 50 nm The nanorod arrays are growing along [001] direction with an orientation perpendicular to the substrate.When the wavelength of incident is over 380 nm,the ZnO nanorod arrays show a high optical transmission of above 95%.Furthermore,the possible growth mechanism of the nanorod arrays was discussed.     

Growth of ZnO nanorod arrays on soft substrates by hydrothermal process

ZnO nanorod arrays with quite homogeneous size and shape were fabricated by introducing ZnO seed-layer as nucleation centers on the soft ITO substrates prior to the hydrothermal reaction. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence method. After the ZnO seed-layer is introduced, the resulting deposits on the substrates develop into nanorods, and the diameter decreases obviously to about 100 nm. Influences of the coated nanocrystal seed nuclei on the morphology of ZnO nanorod arrays were discussed. The results show that each nanorod is monocrystalline with wurtzite-type structure and oriented in c-axis direction. The increase of the intensity ratio of ultraviolet to visible emissions in room-temperature photoluminescence spectra and the decrease of the ultraviolet PL linewidths show the improvement of the quality of ZnO nanorods. A simple and effective method to synthesize ZnO nanorod arrays with fairly uniform size and shape on soft substrates is dip-coating ZnO nanocrystals prior to hydrothermal reaction, and it may be also feasible for the fabrication of other small-size metal oxide nanostructures on soft substrates.     

钛基表面PDLLA/ZnO纳米阵列材料的制备及生物学性能

采用水热生长法,在钛基表面制备高度有序、尺寸可控的氧化锌纳米棒阵列,再通过静电吸附的方法在其表面自组装一层具有良好生物相容性的聚乳酸生物涂层。利用SEM,MTT,LDH方法对细胞形态和生物活性进行表征。结果表明,氧化锌阵列上细胞形态呈圆形,无铺展现象。而经聚乳酸修饰过的材料表面MC3T3细胞外基质铺展较好,细胞分泌的丝状伪足嵌入了阵列结构的空隙中,并且表面细胞数量最多,细胞活性明显高于氧化锌纳米棒及纯钛片。结果表明,聚乳酸涂层提高了氧化锌阵列的生物相容性,为细胞生长提供适宜的微环境,有效促进了细胞的黏附与增殖。     

Effect of growth time on morphology and photovoltaic properties of ZnO nanowire array films

Single-crystalline ZnO nanowire arrays with different aspect ratios and nanowire densities were prepared by the hydrothermal growing method using polyethyleneimine (PEI) as a surfactant. PEI can only hinder the lateral growth of the ZnO nanowires, which is observed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis. Dye-sensitized solar cells were assembled by the ZnO nanowire arrays with different thicknesses, which can be controlled by the growing time and characterized using photocurrent-voltage measurements. Their photocurrent densities and energy allover conversion efficiencies increased with increasing ZnO nanowire lengths. Short-circuit current den-sity of 4.31 mA-cm-2 and allover energy conversion efficiency of 0.87% were achieved with 12.9-μm-long ZnO nanowire arrays.     

Effect of TiO2 on high-temperature thermoelectric properties of ZnO

The as-sintered Zn_1−xTi_xO (0.01 ≤ x ≤ 0.05) samples contained a solid solution of Zn_1−xTi_xO with a wurtzite structure and a small amount of the cubic spinel Zn₂TiO₄. The amount of Zn₂TiO₄ increased with an increase in TiO₂ content. The density and grain size increased with the small TiO₂ content (≤0.01), and then they decreased gradually by further increasing the TiO₂ content. The addition of TiO₂ to ZnO led to a significant increase in the electrical conductivity and a decrease in the absolute value of the Seebeck coefficient, resulting in an increase in the power factor. The highest value of power factor (7.6 × 10⁻⁴ W m⁻¹ K⁻²) was attained for Zn_0.98Ti_0.02O at 1073 K. It is demonstrated that the TiO₂ addition is fairly effective for enhancing thermoelectric properties.     

氧化锌对MgO-Al2O3-SiO2系玻璃结构和性能的影响

采用熔融法制备不同氧化锌含量的MgO-Al2O3-SiO2系玻璃,采用差热分析法研究氧化锌含量对MgO-Al2O3-SiO2系玻璃转变温度和晶化峰值温度的影响,利用红外光谱技术研究氧化锌对玻璃结构的影响,并验证玻璃的差热分析结果,采用粉末X射线衍射分析对950℃烧结后的微晶玻璃样品进行晶相分析。结果表明:少量氧化锌的加入(w(ZnO)≤3%)能够促进玻璃粉体的烧结致密化,过多的氧化锌将阻止样品的烧结。样品的介电常数和膨胀系数随着氧化锌的增加而增加。样品的介电损耗随氧化锌的增加呈先降后升的变化,与密度的变化规律相反。     

Fabrication of TiO2 nanotube arrays on biologic titanium alloy and properties

The vertically aligned highly ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays were fabricated by potentiostatic anodization of biologic Ti alloys（TLM） and pure Ti substrates, followed by annealing at 480 and 550 ℃ for 6 h. High-resolution scanning electron microscopy （SEM） was applied to characterize the original films. The phase of the film was characterized by XRD. The interfacial adhesion and bond strength between thin films coating and substrate were tested by scratch method. The results show that the films on the TLM alloy have high adhesion strength compared with them on pure Ti.