聚合物改性砂浆界面过渡区的电导特性

用交流阻抗谱方法对不同砂子体积分数的聚合物改性砂浆的电导率进行测定。用有效介质理论研究了聚合物改性砂浆界面的电导特性。利用一个将骨料看成非电导球形颗粒的混凝土模型,计算了界面过渡区的电导率与水泥浆基体电导率的比值(σITZ/σm)。计算发现：随着龄期的增加。聚合物改性砂浆的σITZ/σm的比值在最初3d内由5～9迅速降低到3左右,以后基本保持恒定,这与普通水泥砂浆的不同。结果说明：在聚合物改性砂浆中。界面过渡区电导的降低速度比水泥浆基体的快。结合不同聚灰比的聚合物改性水泥浆和乳液成膜过程的电导研究结果发现这是聚合物在界面过渡区的浓度较高和成膜所致。研究结果为聚合物改性砂浆的配置和养护工艺设计提供了依据。     

基于部分反弹格子Boltzmann方法研究砂浆水渗透性能EI北大核心CSCD

为了揭示砂浆的水分传输机制,构建了细骨料-界面过渡区-水泥浆体的砂浆三相模型,采用部分反弹格子Boltzmann方法模拟了水分在砂浆内部的传输过程,研究了骨料体积分数、界面过渡区厚度及孔隙结构对砂浆水分渗透系数的影响。结果表明:当界面过渡区厚度较小、孔隙率较低时,砂浆的水分渗透系数随骨料含量的增大而降低且始终低于水泥浆体的水分渗透系数;当界面过渡区厚度增至150μm或有效孔隙率超过水泥基体2倍时,砂浆的水分渗透系数会接近甚至超过水泥浆体的水分渗透系数。界面过渡区效应、骨料稀释作用以及迂曲传输路径的相互竞争是产生上述现象的根本原因。     

废橡胶颗粒联合改性用于制备水泥砂浆机理研究

采用氢氧化钠和正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)改性处理废弃橡胶颗粒表面,研究其对含废弃橡胶颗粒水泥砂浆流动度和强度的影响规律,揭示改性处理提升砂浆强度的微观机理.借助傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和X射线能谱(EDS)验证改性后在橡胶表面引进有机官能团,利用场发射扫描电镜(SEM)观测改性前后橡胶砂浆的微观形貌.结果 表明,TEOS改性可以提高橡胶砂浆流动度.氢氧化钠和TEOS改性都可提高含橡胶颗粒砂浆的抗压强度.SEM结果表明TEOS改性后的橡胶与水泥浆体之间界面结合更紧密.红外基团分析和橡胶表面元素分析表明橡胶在改性后,引入大量官能团,这些官能团通过氢键结合或通过水解缩合反应化学结合水泥浆体,提高橡胶砂浆的抗压强度.     

山核桃蒲壳生物炭砂浆基本性能及机理研究

将生物炭用于水泥基材料可改善其基本性能，实现固碳的同时丰富了生物质固废资源化利用的途径。为研究山核桃蒲壳生物炭作为细骨料对水泥砂浆性能的影响规律及作用机理，将其以不同体积分数替代细骨料制备砂浆，对水泥砂浆拌合物的流动性、硬化砂浆的微观结构、基本力学性能及保温性能展开试验研究。结果表明：1)拌和时添加25%(占生物炭质量分数)的水作为附加用水，拌合物的工作性最稳定。2)生物炭25%(体积分数)替代砂时，骨料周围可形成良好的浆体握裹及界面过渡区，使砂浆试件抗折强度和抗压强度最高；随着砂替代率的增加，砂浆试件的强度均逐级减小。3)随着生物炭用量的增加，水泥砂浆导热系数呈显著的逐级下降趋势，生物炭的原生孔隙延长了热传导路径，并发挥了慢导热作用，添加生物炭可显著提高水泥砂浆的保温隔热性能。     

纤维曲率对界面过渡区初始微观结构影响的计算机模拟

借助计算机模拟技术,以单粒径球形粒子体系在不同尺度的圆截面纤维周围堆积时固相体积分数分布为例,研究了纤维直径与粒子直径比值变化对纤维-浆体界面过渡区初始微观结构的影响。将模拟计算结果与单粒径球形粒子体系在平集料表面的固相体积分数分布曲线进行对比。研究了纤维曲率对多尺度球形粒子体系在纤维表面固相体积分数分布曲线的影响,并将该模拟计算结果与多尺度球形粒子体系在平集料表面的固相体积分数分布曲线进行对比。结果发现：无论是对单粒径球形粒子体系而言,还是对多尺度球形粒子体系而言,初始界面过渡区的微观结构与纤维的曲率无关。球形粒子沿不同曲率纤维周围的固相体积分数分布曲线的形式与在平集料表面周围的粒子固相体积分数曲线的分布形式相同,曲线第一个峰值点的位置(即初始界面过渡区厚度的位置)也都出现在模型水泥平均质量半径的位置附近,水胶比的降低,会使初始界面过渡区的厚度略有减小。因此,可以用平集料表面-浆体结构取代圆截面纤维-浆体结构来研究各种因素对初始界面过渡区微观结构的影响。     

孔隙对橡胶集料水泥砂浆弹性模量预测模型的影响

根据细观力学模型,将橡胶水泥砂浆看作是由橡胶、砂浆以及两者之间的过渡区界面组成的三相复合材料,将过渡区界面看作是由橡胶引入孔隙形成的高孔隙率砂浆层,将砂浆看作砂和水泥石组成的两相复合材料.考虑橡胶集料掺量的影响和不同粒径橡胶引气作用的差异,借鉴二元复合体弹性模量计算模型逐层分析计算橡胶水泥砂浆的弹性模量.对比橡胶集料水泥砂浆弹性模量的预测值和实验实测值的差别,验证了该预测模型的合理性.     

再生粗集料混凝土力学性能的阻抗谱研究

以废弃砂浆块为原料,生产再生集料来代替天然砂石集料并配制再生混凝土,对资源的再生利用及保护环境具有重要意义.通过力学性能试验,发现随着再生粗集料掺入量的增加,混凝土的抗压强度降低.此外,还采用了交流阻抗的方法测定了不同掺量的再生混凝土阻抗的变化,研究了再生粗集料和水泥浆体间的界面过渡区性能.结果表明,在经过充分养护后,再生粗集料与天然粗集料的界面过渡区的结构特性和力学性能是一致的.     

人造骨料表面改性改善混凝土界面过渡区性能研究

针对混凝土用人造骨料表面疏松多孔和水泥浆体结合能力不足的问题，提出包覆和表面疏水特性修饰的新方法处理人造骨料。试验将不同质量分数的硅烷偶联剂溶液与有机硅树脂联合改性应用于碳化养护的人造骨料，研究改性方法对人造骨料吸水率、颗粒强度、骨料-水泥砂浆黏结强度等性能的影响规律，利用细观/微观测试分析方法表征改性前后人造骨料的微观结构以及人造骨料与水泥砂浆的界面形貌。结果表明，较单一使用化学溶液改性人造骨料，联合改性方法可显著优化人造骨料的表面微观结构，提升骨料性能，骨料吸水率可降低至1.74%。当硅烷偶联剂质量分数为5%时，人造骨料表面形成厚度合适的改性层，人造骨料与水泥砂浆的结合程度显著提升。     

机制砂片状颗粒对砂浆和混凝土性能与微观结构的影响

机制砂(MS)中的片状颗粒会影响混凝土的性能。本文研究了机制砂中片状颗粒粒径(1.18~2.36 mm、2.36~4.75 mm、4.75~9.50 mm)及含量(10%、20%、30%,均为质量分数)对砂浆流动度和强度的影响,测定了片状颗粒含量不同的机制砂混凝土的工作性、抗压强度和电通量,并使用扫描电镜和压汞仪测试了片状颗粒含量不同的机制砂砂浆的界面微观结构和孔隙结构。结果表明,随着机制砂中片状颗粒含量的增加或片状颗粒粒径的增大,所配制的砂浆和混凝土的流动性、强度和抗渗性逐渐减小,且片状颗粒对抗折强度的影响程度高于抗压强度。相对于粒形规则的颗粒,片状颗粒会弱化水泥浆体与机制砂颗粒的界面过渡区,并增大砂浆的孔隙率,增加大尺寸多害孔的比例,从而导致砂浆和混凝土性能劣化。因此,应严格控制机制砂中片状颗粒含量尤其是片状粗砂颗粒的含量。     

水泥混凝土电化学进展—交流阻抗谱理论

水泥混凝土材料体系的电化学研究最近取得了若干重要进展，本文涉及交流阻抗谱应用于水泥混凝土材料科学的若干理论问题，包括交流阻抗谱各个参数与硬化水泥浆体结构相关的理论关系式，及其在若干水泥水化体系中的验证，表明了在复平上出现的交流阻抗半圆的位置和大小取决于材料固－液界面特性，即与孔隙率、孔分布和孔溶液中电解质浓度有关，用交流阻抗谱研究水泥浆体结构可望成为一种快速，非破坏性的测试方法。     

A study of polymer-modified mortars by the AC impedance technique

Cement mortar can be regarded as a composite consisting of the cement paste, fine aggregate, and the interfacial transition zone (ITZ). In this paper, the formation and development of the ITZ of polymer-modified mortar (PMM) was studied by alternating current impedance spectroscopy (ACIS). The test results showed that the AC impedance spectra of the PMMs had the following characteristics: (1) the AC impedance spectra of the fresh PMMs were almost parallel to the imaginary axis; (2) The AC impedance spectra of the hardened PMMs showed a high-frequency part not connected to the intermediate frequency part. This characteristic was maintained over a rather long period, and then obvious changes appeared in the AC impedance spectra. The age at which the impedance spectra of the mortars changed appeared to shorten with an increase of the sand volume fractions (SVFs). These characteristics of the AC impedance spectra of the PMMs were related to the close contact, the packing, and the formation of a mechanically rigid film of the polymer particles.     

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy study of waterborne coatings film formation

In order to establish electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) as a viable quantitative method for characterization of latex film formation, three waterborne acrylate and styrene–acrylate polymer dispersions were periodically analyzed during a course of 2 weeks. Impedance spectra were fitted on the base of equivalent circuit consisting of a capacitor in parallel with a Warburg element representing film capacitance and the extent of ion diffusion through the film. Calculated EIS parameter values showed a decrease in Warburg diffusion over time, which is a result of particle coalescence and in agreement with the established theory of latex film formation. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) of the samples showed a smoothing of the surface and blurring of interparticle boundaries which confirmed that EIS can be used to study film formation of latex.     

The AC response of polymer-coated mortar specimens

Polymeric coatings are widely used for the repair of reinforced concrete. In this paper, the influence of coatings on the permeability was studied using alternating current impedance spectroscopy (ACIS). Two types of polymer coatings [styrene-butadiene rubber latex (SBR) and chlorinated polyvinyl chloride solution (CPVC)] were used. The AC impedance spectra of the polymer-coated mortar specimens displayed a semicircle at the high-frequency range, and the diameter of the semicircle indicated the permeability of the coatings. It was also found that the thickness of coatings had different effects on the impedance spectrum, depending on the type of coating. Comparison of the impedance spectra of the coated mortar specimens before and after the chloride migration test demonstrated that the SBR was suitable for repairing chloride-contaminated concrete because the resistance of the coating increased after the migration test. However, the CPVC was not suitable for repairing because the resistance of the coating was enormously reduced after the migration test.     

Influence of a hydrogen-bonding co-monomer on polymer diffusion in poly(butyl acrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) latex films

Small amounts of hydrogen-bonding comonomers such as N-(2-methacryloxyethyl)ethylene urea (MEEU) are often included in latex particle synthesis to promote adhesion of latex films to metals and old surfaces. Little is known about how these monomers affect the latex film formation process. Here we examine the influence of 1-7 wt.% MEEU on butyl acrylate-methyl methacrylate copolymer latex films using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements, in conjunction with donor- and acceptor-labeled latex particles, to study the rates of polymer diffusion in these films. The presence of MEEU in the copolymer leads to small increases in the polymer glass transition temperature (Tg). It also tends to retard the rate of polymer diffusion. This effect, however, is very sensitive to the humidity of the surrounding atmosphere. It appears that moisture taken up in the film minimizes the influence of MEEU groups on the rate of polymer diffusion.     

An ESEM investigation of latex film formation in cement pore solution

Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and complementary methods were employed to study the time dependent film formation of a latex dispersion in water and cement pore solution. First, a model carboxylated styrene/n-butyl acrylate latex dispersion possessing a minimum film forming temperature (MFFT) of 18 °C was synthesized in aqueous media via emulsion polymerization. Its film forming property was at a temperature of 40 °C, studied under an ESEM. The analysis revealed that upon removal of water, film formation occurs as a result of particle packing, particle deformation and finally particle coalescence. Film formation is significantly retarded when the latex dispersion is present in cement pore solution. This effect can be ascribed to adsorption of Ca²⁺ ions onto the surface of the anionic latex particles and to interfacial secondary phases. This layer of adsorbed Ca²⁺ ions hinders interdiffusion of the macromolecules and subsequent film formation of the latex polymer.     

树脂乳胶成膜过程的研究现状与前景

介绍了成膜扩散的主要理论模型及影响因素。树脂乳胶膜的性能不仅与涂料的配方和其中聚合物的分子链结构有关,而且与聚合物的成膜过程密切相关。聚合物成膜时的扩散在许多应用中是非常重要的。先进技术在成膜表征中的应用使得本领域的研究人员对于扩散过程有了广泛而深入的认识。     

Performance of redispersible polymer powders in wall coatings

This study applied redispersible powder into wall coatings and compared the film microstructure and properties of dry-mixed coatings and corresponding latex coatings. It could be found that the dry-mixed coatings film had loose and uniform structure, while the latex coatings film was dense and had two-layered microstructure. Through the UV–vis spectra and dynamic light scattering, we found that the different microstructures of both coatings films were resulted from the different stability of reconstituted emulsion and original polymer emulsion, and one model was set up to demonstrate this process. The performance of dry-mixed coatings was worse compared with latex coatings, which was due to the weakened stability and adhesive ability of reconstituted emulsion after spray drying.     

Probing polymer interdiffusion in carboxylated latices with force modulation atomic force microscopy

Interdiffusion of polymer chains between latex particles is a prerequisite for the development of good mechanical strength and homogeneity in a latex film. This process may be retarded in carboxylated latices if the particles are surrounded by a hard cell wall consisting of ionic groups on the particle surface. The presence of an ionic cell wall can be indirectly detected by atomic force microscopy (AFM) because surfactant migration to the film/air interface is retarded compared with a non-ionic case. In this paper we have used force modulation atomic force microscopy to directly probe the relative polymer density across the film surface during annealing thereby qualitatively monitoring the interdiffusion process. The applicability of this method to study polymer interdiffusion will be discussed.     

Turbidity study of the process of film formation of thin films of aqueous acrylic dispersions

This study was directed towards determining the factors that define the process of film formation of binder particles in drying aqueous dispersion coatings, based on acrylic polymers. The work described focuses on the infrastructure of drying and ageing thin films of acrylic latices.

In concentrated latices the binder particles are arranged in closely packed structures which cause colored light patterns, the so-called Bragg diffractions. The light waves move within the latex film, where the waves are scattered by the internal structure composed of the spheres and water voids. The pattern of light transmission reveals the internal structure of the latex film. From the change in interference during the drying process of a thin latex film, it is possible to follow the internal movement and deformation of polymer spheres (coalescence process). Further coalescence results in a transparent film. When this film is immersed in water, the remaining internal interfaces between the adhered binder particles swell, thus regenerating the interference pattern. It is expected that during ageing of the film, the proportion of internal interfaces will decrease with time, so that when the aged film is immersed in water the remaining internal interfaces will swell. The resulting interference pattern reveals the decrease in the interfaces between the deformed polymer particles in the dried latex film (auto-adhesion process).     

环氧乳液与含氟乳液的拼混研究

运用种子乳液聚合法制备了固含量(固体质量分数)为45%的含氟乳液;运用后乳化法制得了环氧乳液。ATR-FTIR测试表明环氧乳液与含氟乳液进行了有效的拼混。运用KrussK12型动态表面能分析仪测试了含氟涂膜对水和十六烷的接触角,对影响拼混乳液涂膜性能的因素如环氧树脂及其固化剂的比例、氟原子含量、成膜基材材质、成膜温度等进行了探讨研究。结果表明制备的含氟拼混乳液性能良好。