A methodology of integrating affective design with defining engineering specifications for product design

Affective design and the determination of engineering specifications are commonly conducted separately in early product design stage. Generally, designers and engineers are required to determine the settings of design attributes (for affective design) and engineering requirements (for engineering design), respectively, for new products. Some design attributes and some engineering requirements could be common. However, the settings of the design attributes and engineering requirements could be different because of the separation of the two processes. In previous studies, a methodology that considers the determination of the settings of the design attributes and engineering requirements simultaneously was not found. To bridge this gap, a methodology for considering affective design and the determination of engineering specifications of a new product simultaneously is proposed. The proposed methodology mainly involves generation of customer satisfaction models, formulation of a multi-objective optimisation model and its solving using a chaos-based NSGA-II. To illustrate and validate the proposed methodology, a case study of mobile phone design was conducted. A validation test was conducted and the test results showed that the customer satisfaction values obtained based on the proposed methodology were higher than those obtained based on the combined standalone quality function deployment and standalone affective design approach.     

Putting the design into mechanical CAD: a company methodology

This paper outlines the application of a design methodology within a small-batch, marine engineering company that maximized the current capabilities of the company's CAD facilities. This methodology is assessed in relation to a systematic information flow for engineering desingn. The paper subsequently details pilot work that acted as a company benchmark for the proposed methodology. Some associated organizational issues are also outlined.     

The role of design in product and process change

Innovation in engineering design and manufacture is discussed with reference to the competitiveness of the UK industry. It is suggested that successful design is a dynamic process that must be adjusted and redefined continually to meet changing demands.     

Application of a systematic design methodology: an engineering case study

The basic steps of a design process have been reviewed and applied to seek an optimum solution for an industrial design problem. The problem was about a mechanical swivel-joint in a sea-current-metering system for underwater marine use. It was expensive ($200) and not functioning properly because of rattling and high friction between parts. The objective was to design another joint of better performance and lower cost, if possible. Ten steps were defined and carefully followed to solve the problem. This led to the design and production of a good quality swivel-joint as far as performance, appearance and other aspects were concerned and the cost reduced by 40%. This design method, in addition to yielding good results, is suitable for the organization of the activities of new designers and design students.     

膜接触器用于氨吸收式制冷精馏过程

氨水吸收式制冷装置是一种可以有效利用余热制取0℃以下低温的制冷系统,且氨作为一种天然工质,有很好的环保特性,但氨-水的标准沸点相差133.4℃,在较低蒸发温度的要求下需加精馏装置.介绍了目前传统分离单元传质性能的研究进展,强调了加强精馏器传质性能的必要性,提出采用能提供更大传质比表面积的膜接触器提高传质性能与效率,为改进氨水精馏塔的设计提供参考.     

Identification and application of requirements and their impact on the design process: a protocol study

Establishing requirements is critical in designing, and therefore a central issue of design research. This article reports an empirical study, based on real-time protocol data about the design processes of four, experienced, individual designers, of how requirements get identified, clarified, and used in the design process, and how these influence the quality of its outcome - the emergent design. This is done by first identifying the activities and methods used by designers to identify and apply requirements during designing, and then investigating how these activities and methods relate to the success or failure of the eventual designs in terms of their degree of fulfilment of the requirements. The results indicate that the quality of the activities and methods used has a strong impact on the quality of the emergent design in terms of its degree of fulfilment of requirements, forming a basis for development of guidelines for effective requirement identification and application.

现代工程设计对图学教育的需求与教学改革的探索和实践

分析了现代工程设计的迅速发展及对图学教育的需求,并从实施全面素质教育这一基点出发。立足本校为普通高等工科院校的实际,小结对教学内容、方法和手段改革的探索与实践。     

Back to the future with CAD: its impact on product design and development

This paper briefly examines the history of the management and organisation of the product development cycle. It looks at some of the key factors that have affected product development, and how information technology through CAD may have opened the door to a simultaneous product design process that has more in common with ‘older’ craft-based methods than those developed in the recent industrial era.     

突出"设计"和"三维"的观点改革工程图学教学

工程设计现在已发展到全数字化阶段，能使设计、制造一体化过程得以实现的核心是三维几何模型，二维投影图已满足不了形势发展的需要，因此，必须对传统的工程图学课程进行改革，新的现代工程设计图形学（MEDG）课程体系，突出“三维”和“设计”两个重点，本文论述了教改的新思想，阐述了将画法几何、计算机图形学和机械制图融合为一体的现代工程图形学课程的特点，并且还详细介绍了教改方案的具体实施情况。     

基于构型设计的工程图学教学体系的探讨

工程图学思维方式的培养是学生工程图学素质教育的核心,形体的构型设计是工程图学思维方式培养的重要方法。基于构型设计的工程图学课程教学体系是不同于目前国内一般工程图学课程的一个教学体系。针对这一教学体系,提出了基于构型设计的工程图学课程教学体系的教学目标、教学理念,同时就教学体系的构成进行了研讨,指出了这一教学体系在培养学生创新素质上是有效的。     

工程哲学：在工程教育中的价值与实践途径

工程哲学是新近发展起来的有别于传统科学技术哲学的新领域。文章结合机电工程教育实践，论述了工程哲学研究的一些最新理念和进展，分析了工程哲学对工程教育的价值意蕴，并提出了将工程哲学思想引入到工程教育中的现实途径。     

Semantic interoperability for an integrated product development process: a systematic literature review

Global competitiveness challenges manufacturing industry to rationalise different ways of bringing to the market new products in a short lead-time with competitive prices whilst ensuring higher quality levels and customisation. Industries need to effectively share heterogeneous information during Product Development Process (PDP) within and across their institutional boundaries to be competitive. However, problems with misinterpretation and mistakes have been identified during information exchange due to the semantic interoperability obstacles. Thus, this research proposes a systematic literature review to identify the main researches and the milestones reference works on semantic interoperability field. A rigorous methodology was conducted in different databases, covering the articles published in scientific journals from 2005 to 2015 as a preliminary study had indicated that the incidence of articles related to the subject was more frequent from the second half of the 2000s. The research structure consisted of four steps: Survey – searching, analysis and selection of recent researches; Categorisation – categorisation of the selected papers; References citation frequency analysis – the selected papers were analysed and the main researches and milestones references were identified; and Main researches critical analysis – the main researches were analysed for their contributions and limitations, their contributions and limitations, resulting in 14 selected scientific articles and 8 identified milestones references. It is evident that this field has interesting perspectives on future research opportunities on semantic interoperability of information issues across PDP, contributing to the new concepts of future factories.     

现代产品设计中逆向工程技术的应用

阐述了逆向工程的概念,论证了逆向工程技术在现代产品设计中应用的意义和模式,并从扫描模型的建立、数据采集、数据处理、CAD模型的重建、产品的再设计与快速成型技术等方面,对逆向工程的具体运作过程进行了比较详细的分析和研究.同时也指出了在现代产品设计中应用逆向工程技术需注意的问题.     

The reuse of machining knowledge to improve designer awareness through the configuration of knowledge libraries in PLM

The nature of competition induces the need to constantly improve and perform better. For global aerospace manufacturers, this is as timely an epithet as ever as market forces urge for more growth, better financial return and market position. The macroeconomic aspect is compounded by the growth of product complexity and the need for higher product quality, hence the drive to reduce waste places emphasis upon production costs and the need to improve product performance. This paper focuses upon a rapid development and deployment method that enables the capture and representation of machining knowledge so that it may be shared and reused by design engineers to accelerate the design-make process. The study and mapping of information and knowledge relationships are described and put forward as a lightweight ontology. From this, a set of knowledge document templates were created to facilitate the capture, structuring and sharing of machining knowledge within a collaborative multidisciplinary aerospace engineering environment. An experimental pilot system has been developed to test and demonstrate that knowledge document templates can accelerate the sharing of machining knowledge within an industrial product lifecycle management environment. The results are discussed to provide a case for further development and application within the product domain.