油田破乳剂筛选实验研究

随着全球范围内油气资源的过快消耗和陆地原油开采力度的加大,国内各大油田基本都进入了高含水的后期开采阶段。许多采油区块已经进入高含水的后期开采阶段,有的区块油井产液含水率已经高达60%。化学驱是提高采收率的重要手段,但是化学成分的偏多也导致了油井采出液易形成乳状液,需要利用破乳剂进行破乳。针对油田目前在用破乳剂的情况,对比市场常用的破乳剂,观察其破乳效果及分析其经济利益。设计实验分别从15min、30min、60min、90min、120min脱水量、脱出的水中含油量和剩余油中含水量来评价破乳剂的破乳效果。从破乳120min后的水质情况和界面情况来优选破乳剂,提高经济效益。     

大庆油田高含水后期采出液的热化学脱水实验

研究了大庆油田高含水后期原油乳状液的油水分离特性，研制了一种适宜的原油热化学脱水破乳剂DRHP－1，并以大庆油田第二采油厂南二九中转站291计量间的油井采出液为介质，采用一种小型热化学脱水实验装置开展了热化学脱水现场实验，实验表明：用该剂处理大庆油田高含水原油采出液，在脱水温度为45℃、油相平均停留时间在0.6-1.0h，破乳剂DRHP－1加药量为30mg/L的条件下，可以达到净化油含水率低于0.5%，污水中油的质量浓度低于1000mg/L的指标。     

清水型破乳剂的研制与应用

随着油田的逐步开采,综合含水升高,大量含油污水进入集输系统,增加了集输系统和污水处理系统的压力,采用清水型破乳剂,从源头解决污水含油高的问题,既不影响原油的脱水,又减少了污水中原油的损失,是一种处理高含水期原油的较理想方法.针对冀东油田采出液性质,通过评价冀东油田现用的5种单剂破乳剂对G63转来液混合液的脱水效果,筛选出2种单项效果较好的单剂1#、18#,复配了一种清水型破乳剂,命名为JL-19破乳剂.经室内试验和G63转现场应用效果证明,JL-19破乳剂能够使乳化油含水降至1％,游离水含油降至256 mg·L-1,有效地减了污水处理系统的压力,减少了原油损失.     

喇二联合站优化电场管理降低原油含水率措施研究

喇二联合站是第二油矿原油生产的最后一环,也是最为重要的环节之一,喇二联合站脱水岗电场的生产状况直接关系整个二矿的原油外输。由于采出液的含聚浓度不断上升,其成分更加复杂,原油乳化严重;同时,破乳剂技术发展滞后,破乳剂与采出液配伍性不高,容易造成电场波动,导致外输油含水超标,对完成原油产量造成比较大的影响。本文具体分析了几种造成电场波动的原因,并采取了相应的对策。     

水包油型聚合物驱采出液破乳剂的研究及其应用

针对水包油型聚合物驱采出液破乳难度大、油水分离困难等问题,研究出了新型破乳剂,并进行了现场试验。结果表明:在游离水脱除器进液中投加11mg/L新研制的破乳剂,经原油脱水工艺处理后,脱水原油含水率均小于0.30%,分离采出水中油的质量浓度不超过500mg/L,达到了脱水后油中含水及水中含油指标的要求。1座处理规模为3×104m3/d的联合站使用新型破乳剂,每年可节省破乳剂费用23万元。     

典型新型破乳剂对油水乳状液流变性影响的研究

随着油田逐渐进入高含水阶段,油田的采出液在各种乳化剂的作用下其流变性质越加复杂,当含破乳剂的回注污水重新将原油从地层中驱替出来并运输时,必定会对含水原油的流变性产生一定影响,本文利用MARS流变仪对3种典型新型破乳剂在不同温度、剪切速率下对不同含水率乳状液的流变性影响入手,分析了由破乳剂分子结构特征、物化性能的不同而引起的破乳效果不同的原因,从而更加系统的分析破乳机理,更好地指导破乳剂的研发,为原油伴热集输工艺提供更加系统的理论支持。实验结果表明,不同结构类型的破乳剂对原油转相点的影响不同;不同种类破乳剂对温度敏感度不同,应避免其达到失效温度;破乳剂对原油乳状液表观粘度的影响程度与破乳剂的评价指标成对应关系。     

轻质原油采出液低温破乳剂优选及作用机理

低渗透油田原油属轻质原油，针对低渗透油田采出轻质原油乳状液破乳难度大，低温（<60℃）条件下常规破乳剂破乳效果不佳的问题，根据某油田现场采出液制备模拟乳状液，并分别采用瓶试法、稳定性分析仪研究不同类型破乳剂的破乳效果以及乳状液的微观动力学变化特性，优选出较佳低温破乳剂配方；应用界面流变仪等探讨油水界面黏弹性、油水界面张力、破乳剂在油水界面的动态吸附规律，揭示低温破乳剂的作用机理；最后，分析模拟现场采出乳状液破乳状态，从乳状液脱水率、挂壁程度及破乳剂质量浓度等多个角度综合评价了不同类型破乳剂的低温破乳效果。为低渗透油田采出液低温破乳工艺技术的研发提供了理论及现场应用基础。     

大庆油田聚驱原油破乳剂的破乳效果研究

针对大庆油田聚驱采出液特性,对常规破乳剂进行筛选,同时室内合成了适合聚驱采出液的破乳剂,并与油田现用的破乳剂进行了性能比较。     

大庆油田三元复合驱采出液的油水分离特性

采用室内配制的模拟三元 (碱、表面活性剂、聚合物 )复合驱采出液研究了大庆油田三元复合驱采出液的油水分离特性 ,以模拟采出液为介质采用均匀设计方法研制了一种针对大庆油田三元复合驱采出液的破乳剂并测试了该破乳剂对模拟三元复合驱采出液和实际三元复合驱采出液的破乳效果。     

多胺破乳剂的微观破乳性能研究

利用Turbiscan Lab分散稳定性分析仪测定了油田采出液加入多胺破乳剂的清液区、乳化区和浑浊区内颗粒的迁移速率。结果显示:采出液中颗粒的迁移速率随时间呈间歇变化且有依次降低的趋势,在26min内可以完成主要破乳过程。清液区从底部至顶部采出液的颗粒迁移速率有由多峰向单峰或双峰过渡的趋势。在采出液加入多胺破乳剂的破乳过程中,一定要控制好多胺破乳剂的最佳加入量,有时多胺破乳剂加入量越高会使采出液中颗粒的迁移速率越低。     

LD5-2原油油水分离研究

以LD5-2海上稠油为研究对象,研究了该油田在开采过程中存在的油水分离问题。通过分析LD5-2采出液及原油性质,探讨了稠油油水分离动力,并考察了温度、电压等参数对油水分离工艺的影响。研究结果表明:LD5-2原油具有特稠油的性质,粘度高、常温难以流动,同时又具有较小的油水密度差,造成油水分离困难;通过优化,在温度130℃、破乳剂A1用量400μg·g~(-1)、电压1 200 V、停留时间45 min条件下原油脱后含水可满足5%的外输要求;油水分离温度、电压及破乳剂对LD5-2脱水效果影响较大;40%含水的采出液粘度存在突增现象,应予以重视。     

Improved gas holdup in novel bubble column

This investigation reports the experimental and theoretical results carried out to evaluate the gas holdup for air–water system in a novel hybrid rotating and reciprocating perforated plate bubble column under countercurrent condition. The response of this hybrid column is found to be similar to that of reciprocating plate column (RPC) showing mixer‐settler, transition, and emulsion regions. The effect of agitation level, superficial gas velocity, superficial liquid velocity, perforation diameter, and plate spacing on gas holdup is studied and found to be significant. The gas holdup is found to be least in the range of agitation level of 1.3–1.5 cm/s. For all the superficial gas and liquid velocities considered in this present investigation, the critical agitation level at minimum gas holdup remains nearly same. The gas holdup in this hybrid column is 1.2–1.7 times higher in mixer‐settler region and 2.1–2.7 times higher in emulsion region than that of RPC. Correlations have been developed and found to concur with the experimental values. It can be used with 95% accuracy. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering     

双螺旋电容传感器水平油水两相流液相持率测量特性(英文)

This paper presents the characteristics of a double helix capacitance sensor for measurement of the liquid holdup in horizontal oil–water two-phase flow. The finite element method is used to calculate the sensitivity field of the sensor in a pipe with 20 mm inner diameter and the effect of sensor geometry on the distribution of sensitivity field is presented. Then, a horizontal oil–water two-phase flow experiment is carried out to measure the response of the double helix capacitance sensor, in which a novel method is proposed to calibrate the liquid holdup based on three pairs of paral el-wire capacitance probes. The performance of the sensor is analyzed in terms of the flow structures detected by mini-conductance array probes.     

重质高酸油藏复配高效破乳剂室内实验研究

原油中含有油、水、乳化剂,三种物质的混合接触生产的乳液,会导致石油在运输、加工以及销售过程中出现问题。基于此,以SZ36-1重质高酸重原油为例,在分析原油化学性质的基础上,在85℃环境下,加入不同破乳剂50 mg/L于原油溶液中,对单剂破乳剂进行筛选实验,分析各破乳剂对原油乳液稳定性的定量影响程度,将优选的GSX21与GSX04两种破乳剂进行复配,在分别加入短支链醇A、醇醚B、磺酸C观察原油乳液稳定性和脱水量变化,优选出高效破乳剂SXFP21,GSX21+GSX04+A+B+C(SXFP21)复配比例为5:1.5:1:1:0.5,实验结果表明,破乳剂中的有机小分子助剂,利用改变原油中各物质界面的极性以及溶解性能,来降低乳液的稳定性,提高脱水量、破乳剂和助剂之间具有良好的协同效应,从实验现象来看,与国外破乳剂使用效果对比,国产复配破乳剂脱除水质效果更好。     

原油破乳剂制造基础理论及现状研究

阐述了原油破乳剂的制造基础理论及国内外破乳剂的研究现状,对我国原油用破乳剂的生产制造提供基础研究资料。     

油性微乳液的循环气升式反应器的流体力学和传质性能研究简

This study reports an experimental investigation on hydrodynamics and mass transfer characteristics in a 15.6x10-3 m3 external loop airlift reactor for oil-in-water micro-emulsions with oil to water volume ratio （φ） rang- ing from 3% to 7% （by volume）. For comparative purposes, experiments were also carried out with water. Increase in φ of micro-emulsion systems results in an increment in the gas holdup and a decrease in the volumetric gas-liquid oxygen transfer coefficient and liquid circulation velocity, attributed to the escalation in the viscosity of mi- cro-emulsions. The gas holdup and volumetric mass transfer coefficient for micro-emulsion systems are signifi- cantly higher than that of water system. Two correlations are developed to predict the gas holdup and oxygen trans- fer coefficient     

Bubble size fractal dimension,gas holdup,and mass transfer in a bubble column with dual internals

As the scale of residual oil treatment increases and cleaner production improves in China, slurry bubble column reactors face many challenges and opportunities for residual oil hydrogenation technology. The internals development is critical to adapt the long-term stable operation. In this paper, the volumetric mass transfer coefficient, gas holdup and bubble size in a gas–liquid up-flow column are studied with two kinds of internals. The gas holdup and volumetric mass transfer coefficient increase by 120% and 42% when the fractal dimension of bubbles increases from 0.56 to 2.56, respectively. The enhanced mass transfer processing may improve the coke suppression ability in the slurry reactor for residual oil treatment. The results can be useful for the exploration of reacting conditions, scale-up strategies, and oil adaptability. This work is valuable for the design of reactor systems and technological processes.     

Vergleich des Koaleszenzverhaltens ruhender und umströmter Wasser‐in‐Öl‐in‐Wasser‐Einzeltropfen

Phase inversion of a water‐in‐oil emulsion to a water‐in‐oil‐in‐water double emulsion is practically used for liquid/liquid separation. For successful separation in the water leg the coalescence of the internal droplets with the surrounding continuous water phase is decisive. The determination of this coalescence phenomenon is applied for the process design. Therefore, single water‐in‐oil‐in‐water drops are investigated under static and dynamic conditions by means of high speed imaging. The influence of physical and geometrical parameters on the coalescence time and partial coalescence is determined.     

合成气制二甲醚三相淤浆床反应器气含率

引　言二甲醚是近年来国内外竞相开发、性能优越的碳一化工产品 .二甲醚不仅是从合成气制汽油、低碳烯烃的重要中间体 ,而且也是多种化工产品的重要原料 .同时由于二甲醚具有优良的燃烧性能和高的辛烷值 ,作为柴油的替代品日益引起人们的普遍关注 .随着对环境和生态平衡保护力度的加大 ,二甲醚的作用和地位将越来越重要 .与传统的采用固定床反应器以甲醇为原料脱水生成二甲醚的生产工艺相比 ,以煤或天然气为原料 ,通过合成气在三相淤浆床反应器中一步法合成二甲醚新工艺具有巨大的优越性 .三相淤浆床反应器流体力学性质十分复杂 ,目前还不能…     

石油树脂生产过程及破乳剂的合成

本文叙述了石油树脂的生产过程及原料,工艺条件等树脂参数。同时介绍了树脂生产水洗过程中含硅破乳剂的应用及合成方法并对应用效果进行分析。