新型杂萘联苯聚芳醚腈(酮)耐高温绝缘漆的研制

系统地研究了杂萘联苯PPEN（K）聚合物在绝缘漆领域的应用,考察了PPENK中腈、酮含量对绝缘漆性能的影响,发现当N／K=1／1时,绝缘漆具有优异的机械性能;对比了PPENK、PPENKK、PPEN和PPEN—BPA几种聚合物所制备的绝缘漆的性能,认为以PPENK树脂为主要成膜物制得的绝缘漆综合性能最优;在此基础上,选择适当的涂线工艺,成功地研制出了新型PPENK漆包线,其机械性能、电性能和热性能都远远高于220级聚酰亚胺漆包线国家标准要求。     

新型可溶性聚芳醚腈酮的合成及其在绝缘漆领域的应用

以4种含杂萘联苯结构的类双酚单体分别与2,6-二氯苯腈、4,4-二氟酮进行亲核缩聚反应,制备了一系列新型含杂萘联苯结构的聚芳醚腈酮树脂.研究了不同类双酚单体结构对聚合物性能的影响.所制备聚合物均具有较高的分子量,特性粘度在0.50dL/g以上,可溶解于N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP),N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc),氯仿等极性非质子型有机溶剂中.聚合物的结构以FT-IR进行表征;利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和热重分析仪(TGA)研究了聚合物的耐热性能,结果表明,该类聚芳醚腈酮树脂具有优异的耐热性能,玻璃化转变温度(Tg)在255～277℃之间,10%热失重温度(Td)在498℃以上.由该系列聚芳醚腈酮材料制成的绝缘漆具有良好的电绝缘性能,较高的机械强度,良好的柔韧性和附着力.     

含二氮杂萘酮联苯结构新型聚芳酰胺的合成及性能研究

以一种甲氧基取代的新型含杂萘联苯结构的芳香二胺:2-(4-氨基苯基)-4-[3-甲氧基-4-(4-氨基苯氧基)苯基]-2,3-二氮杂萘-1-酮(OO-DA)为单体,采用Yamazaki体系,分别和3种芳香二酸进行溶液亲核缩聚反应,制得一类新型杂萘联苯型聚芳酰胺树脂,其特性粘度为0.89~1.03dL/g;以FT-IR1、H-NMR表征了聚合物的结构;利用DSC、TGA研究了聚合物的热性能,结果表明聚芳酰胺的玻璃化转变温度为281~307℃,氮气氛中5%热失重温度达440℃以上,800℃时残留质量>55%;在DMAC、NMP等极性非质子性溶剂中有良好的溶解性,所得聚酰胺膜的拉伸强度为69~93MPa,断裂伸长率8.65%~9.47%,拉伸模量1.49~1.78GPa,体积电阻率>1015Ω.cm。     

含间甲基取代新型聚芳酰胺的合成和性能

以一种含间甲基取代新型杂萘联苯结构的芳香二胺:2-(4-氨基苯基)-4-[2-甲基-4-(4-氨基苯氧基)]-2,3-二氮杂萘-1-酮(MM-DA)为单体,制备出一类新型的杂萘联苯型聚芳酰胺,以FT-IR、1H-NMR证明了它的聚合物结构, 其特性粘度为1．72-2．08 dL．g-1,玻璃化转变温度为315-337℃,在氮气气氛中5％热失重温度高于440℃．聚芳酰胺在 DMAc、NMP等极性非质子溶剂中有良好的溶解性．聚芳酰胺膜的拉伸强度为81-99 MPa,断裂伸长率为11．4％-20．8％, 拉伸模量为1．91-2．34 GPa．扭曲非共平面结构的存在使该系列聚芳酰胺耐高温、具有良好的溶解性能和力学性能．     

含氮杂环结构溶致液晶聚芳酰胺的合成和性能

将二胺1,2-二氢-2-(4-氨基苯基)-4-[4-(4氨基苯氧基)-苯基]-二氮杂萘-1-酮和对苯二胺与对苯二甲酰氯进行低温溶液缩聚反应并改变两种二胺的比例,制备出一系列共聚酰胺树脂.结果表明,共聚酰胺树脂的特性粘度为1.76-3.29 dL/g;随着主链中二氮杂萘酮结构比例的增加,聚合物的溶解性逐渐得到改善;该类聚合物具有较高的玻璃化转化温度(312～351 ℃);在氮气气氛中10%热失重温度为513～534 ℃;聚合物呈现无定型的状态,并且可以在浓硫酸、N-甲基吡咯烷酮/氯化锂、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺/氯化锂中呈现溶致液晶织构.     

磺化杂萘联苯聚醚酮酮质子交换膜材料的合成与性能

以4-(4-羟基苯基)-2,3-二氮杂萘-1-酮(DHPZ)、1,4-二(3-磺酸钠基-4-氟代苯甲酰基)苯(SBFBB)和1,4-二(4-氯代苯甲酰基)苯(BCBB)为原料,经高温溶液缩聚反应,成功制备了一系列不同磺化度的新型杂萘联苯聚醚酮酮(SPPEKKs).利用FT-IR和1H-NMR对聚合物结构进行表征.采用溶液浇铸法制备了聚合物薄膜.测定了膜的吸水率,溶胀率,离子交换容量,耐氧化性和质子传导率.结果表明该系列磺化杂萘联苯聚醚酮酮膜具有良好的抗氧化性和较高的质子传导率.     

含醚键双二氮杂萘酮结构聚芳醚腈砜的合成与性能

文中以含醚键双二氮杂萘酮结构化合物4,4’-双(氧基(1,4-苯撑))-双二氮杂萘-1(2H)酮-二苯醚(OBDHPZ)为类双酚单体,与4,4’-二氟二苯砜(DFS)和2,6’-二氟苯腈(DFBN)进行高温溶液缩聚反应,通过调节聚合物分子主链中砜基和氰基等的含量,合成了一系列不同腈砜比的含醚键双二氮杂萘酮联苯结构聚芳醚腈砜树脂(PBPENS),其N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)溶液在25℃的特性黏度为0.63～0.90 dL/g。通过红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和广角X射线衍射仪表征了所合成聚芳醚腈砜的结构;通过差示扫描量热仪和热失重分析仪分析了该类聚芳醚腈砜的热性能,聚合物的玻璃化转变温度(T_g)在322～325℃,5%热失重温度(T_d5%)在485～500℃。该类聚合物在常温时可溶解于NMP、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)、氯仿等极性非质子有机溶剂;采用溶液浇筑法制备了含醚键双二氮杂萘酮结构聚芳醚腈砜薄膜,薄膜的拉伸强度可以达到56～65 MPa。     

常规聚合物驱后高浓度聚合物溶液粘弹性改善粘度比作用研究

为明确聚合物溶液粘弹性改善粘度比作用，开展了一次注聚后不同粘度聚合物驱替试验。试验选用2500万分子量聚合物，岩心气测渗透率为1000×10—3μm2左右，变异系数为0．72。设计原油与聚合物溶液粘度比为：1，0．75，0．5，0．25。模拟油粘度为10mpa．S，聚合物粘度为：10mpa．s，13．3mpa．s，20mpa．s，40mpa．s。聚合物所对应的聚合物浓度依次为：550mg／1，650mg／1，750m3．g／1，850mg／1。     

新型邻苯基取代杂萘联苯型聚芳酰胺的合成与性能研究

采用邻苯基取代杂萘联苯型类双酚4－（3－苯基－4－羟基苯基）－2，3－二氮杂萘－1－酮（DHPZ－oP)与对氯苯腈反应制得二腈化合物，进一步水解为二酸，以此新型二酸与三种不同二胺聚合制得的聚芳酰胺均具有较高的耐热性能，其Tg在304℃－327℃，且易溶于非质子极性溶剂中，聚合物的特性粘数为1．06dL/g-1.57dL/g(25℃,NMP)，拉伸强度为73MPa-86MPa,断裂伸长率为9％－13％，拉伸模量为0．9GPa-1.0GPa,电阻系数为10^12-10^16。     

多壁碳纳米管/杂萘联苯聚醚砜酮复合材料的制备及性能

采用溶液共混及原位复合法制备多壁碳纳米管/杂萘联苯聚醚砜酮复合材料.通过扫描电镜观察材料的形貌,并对材料性能进行研究.对比两种方法,结果表明通过原位复合法制备,碳管在基体中有较好的分散和界面结合,其力学性能和导电性优于溶液共混法制备的复合材料.当碳管含量为3%(质量分数)时,原位复合材料的拉伸模量和强度分别为2.4GPa和107.6MPa,其体积电阻率达到1.0×106 Ω·cm,5%热失重温度提高了20℃.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to