Study on fracture behavior of particulate reinforced magnesium matrix composite using in situ SEM

The fracture behavior of SiCp/AZ91 magnesium matrix composite fabricated by stir casting is investigated using the in situ SEM technique. Experimental results show that (1) the dominant microcrack nucleation mode is interface decohesion in particle-dense regions because of the weak interface formed during the solidification process of the composite and large stress concentrations caused by particle segregation, (2) microcracks coalesce by the failure of matrix ligaments between microcracks while additional microcracks are initiated in the particle-dense region ahead of the coalesced microcracks, and (3) cracks propagate by coalescence of microcracks or along the particle/matrix interface. And so we come to the conclusion that the fracture mechanism of SiCp/AZ91 composite is interface-controlled. The in situ SEM observations are verified by complementary SEM studies of the fractured specimens of conventional tensile tests. And so, the in situ SEM observations can be qualitative representation on the fracture behavior of bulk SiCp/AZ91 composite.     

Processing and mechanical characterization of lightweight polyurethane composites

A simple procedure was established to fabricate polyurethane-cenosphere particulate composite materials. Composites having four different volume fractions of cenospheres (hollow ceramic microspheres) ranging from 10 to 40% in increments of 10% were prepared and their mechanical properties were evaluated. A predictive model to estimate the fracture toughness of the composite was developed. The dynamic constitutive behavior of the composite in compression was investigated using the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) technique in conjunction with high-speed photography. The results of the material characterization indicated that addition of cenospheres decreased the density of the composite. The quasi-static stiffness, both in tension and compression, and the quasi-static fracture toughness of the composite increased with addition of cenospheres. The high strain rate constitutive behavior of 100% polyurethane showed monotonic stiffening whereas the composite at higher cenosphere volume fractions (40%) exhibited a stiffening-softening-stiffening behavior. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) studies were also carried out to determine the failure mechanisms of the composite.     

Fabrication and characteristics of in situ Al12W particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites by reaction sintering

A novel in situ Al12W particles reinforced aluminum matrix composite was synthesized by reaction sintering of tungsten and aluminum powders and followed by hot extrusion. The microstructures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The tensile tests of composite and pure aluminum materials were measured. The XRD analysis identifies that the in situ Al12W particles are formed by the reaction between tungsten and aluminum powders. Meanwhile, SEM observation shows that the Al12W particles are distributed uniformly in the Al matrix, and TEM observation shows that the interfacial condition of Al12W particles and Al is good. It is found from the tensile tests that the in situ synthesized Al12W particles can significantly enhance the strength of the composite in spite of decreasing elongation. The fracture morphology analysis reveals that the fracture mode of composite is ductile fracture.     

SiCw/6061Al复合材料冲击破坏行为

本文用夏比冲击试验(Instrumented Charpy Testing)与SEM断口分析研究了SiCw/6061Al复合材料的冲击破坏行为.与SiCw是混乱分布的铸态SiCw/6061Al复合材料相比,挤压变形后材料的冲击韧性明显提高.热挤压变形改善了材料的性能.研究观察发现了分层开裂的现象.本文详细讨论了SiCw/6061Al复合材料的冲击断裂方式、比较了变形前后冲击破坏方式的差异,并分析了热挤压变形后韧性提高的原因.     

C/Mullite/Si-C-N复合材料的组织结构及其弯曲行为研究

本研究制备出了以莫来石为界面层的炭纤维增强Si-C-N陶瓷基复合材料(C/Mullite/Si-C-N).使用三点弯曲法研究了复合材料在室温、1300℃和1600℃时的弯曲断裂行为,利用扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)观察了复合材料的组织和弯曲断口形貌.结果表明:在室温和1300℃时,C/Mullite/Si-C...     

Effect of interfacial reaction on fracture behaviour of aluminium borate whisker reinforced aluminium composite

Abstract

An aluminium borate whisker reinforced aluminium composite with a whisker volume fraction of 25% was fabricated by the squeeze casting method. The tensile and impact fracture behaviours of the composite were studied. Observation via TEM indicated that the higher the casting temperature, the higher the degree of interfacial reaction. Tensile and impact experiments showed that there is an optimum degree of interfacial reaction corresponding to the maximum strength and toughness of the composite. Observation of the fracture surfaces of the composites using SEM suggests that the interfacial reaction plays an important role in the fracture mechanism of the composite.     

Processing and Performance of Alumina Fiber Reinforced Alumina Composites

Processing of alumina fiber-reinforced alumina matrix composites by hot-pressing was described. The mechanical properties of the composites fabricated by different sintering conditions including temperature and pressure have been investigated. The results indicated that the higher sintering temperature and pressure corresponded to the higher bulk density and higher maximum strength of the composite, whereas the pseudo-ductility of the composite was lower. The preliminary results of the composite with monazite-coated fibers showed that maximum strength could be improved up to 35% compared with the noncoated fiber composite in the same sintering condition. Moreover, the fracture behavior of the composite changed from completely brittle fracture to non-brittle fracture under the suitable sintering conditions. SEM observation of the fracture surface indicated that the coating worked as a protective barrier and avoided sintering of the fibers together even at high temperature and pressure during densification process.     

断裂方式对氧化铝基复合陶瓷耐磨性的影响

通过磨粒磨损试验测定了氧化铝 陶瓷、氧化铝/碳化硅复合陶瓷和氧化铝/莫来石复合陶瓷的耐磨性. 利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察了样品的微观结构, 采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了样品的断口形貌和磨损表面的剥落情况. 研究了断裂方式对磨损表面剥落和耐磨性的影响. 结果表明: 氧化铝陶瓷的磨损主要由断裂磨损机制控制, 氧化铝/碳化硅复合陶瓷的磨损主要由塑性磨损机制控制, 氧化铝/莫来石复合陶瓷受这两种磨损机制共同作用. 相对于氧化铝陶瓷, 氧化铝/碳化硅复合陶瓷和氧化铝/莫来石复合陶瓷的耐磨性提高2～4倍, 这主 要是由于其断裂方式转变为以穿晶断裂为主, 减少了磨损面的脆性剥落.     

基体合金种类对SiCw／Al复合材料拉伸性能的影响

对SiCw/LD2、SiCw/LC9复合材料进行了热挤压加工并沿其纵向进行了拉伸对比试验。结果表明:SiCw/LD2的抗拉强度为590MPa,而SiCw/LC9复合材料的抗拉强度高达750MPa。SEM分析发现,上述两种复合材料均为切应力作用下的韧窝形断口,但SiCw/LD2的断口有明显的晶须拔出。低于临界长径比的晶须被拔出是SiCw/LD2断裂的主要形式;高于临界长径比的晶须被拉断是SiCw/LC9断裂的主要形式;基体合金的不同导致了复合材料具有不同的晶须临界长径比,这也是SiCw/LC9复合材料较SiCw/LD2复合材料有更高抗拉强度的根本原因。     

Strengths and Fracture Mechanisms of Al2O3 Short Fiber Reinforced Al—Mg Alloy Matrix Composite at Elevated Temperatures

Using the experimental and theoretical methods,the tensile strengths and fracture mechanism of Al2O3 short fiber reinforced Al-Mg alloy matrix composite at elevated temperatures were researched.The interfacial microstructural characteristics and the fracture surfaces of the composite at different temperatures were observed by transmission electron microscope(TEM) and by scanning electron microscope(SEM) ,respectively.Then,from the results of microscopic observation,the fracture mechanisms of the composite at different temperatures are discussed.Finally, the tensile strengths of the composite at elevated temperatures were predicted by statistical integration average (SlA) method with the consideration of various fracture mechanisms.It was shown that the strengths and fracture mechanisms of the composite at elevated temperature (300℃) were significantly different from those at room temperature due to the variations of interfacial bonding states.The tensile strengths predicted by the SlA method at elevated temperatures agreed well with the experimental results.     

W丝/Zr基非晶合金复合材料动态拉伸断裂模式研究

采用霍普金森杆拉伸技术研究了W丝体积分数为80%的W丝/Zr基非晶合金复合材料的动态拉伸性能,通过扫描电镜研究了该复合材料动态拉伸断裂模式.结果表明:随着打击速度增加,复合材料动态拉伸强度和断裂应变总体呈上升趋势;复合材料的动态拉伸断裂模式以钨丝解理断裂为主导,伴随非晶合金基体产生脉纹状花样和钨丝劈裂;脉纹状花样的形态不同于在动态压缩条件下所形成的,不存在"尖脊"形貌.     

Al_2O_3弥散强化Cu基复合材料高温拉伸行为研究

Al2O3颗粒弥散强化铜基复合材料因具有高强度和高导电性而在电子行业和电阻焊行业有着广阔的应用前景,本文利用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对内氧化法制备的Al2O3/Cu复合材料的显微组织进行了分析,并用高温电子拉伸试验机测试了其高温拉伸力学性能。结果表明,Cu 0.6%Al2O3复合材料的室温拉伸屈服强度为442MPa,600℃时屈服强度为154MPa;试验温度低于300℃,其断面收缩率为22.2%～62.0%,温度高于400℃,其断面收缩率为4.5%～9.1%,呈现出明显的高温脆性。对其拉伸断口形貌和断裂机理进行了初步分析。     

Mechanical behavior of cement-based materials reinforced with sisal fibers

Fiber-reinforced cement composites were produced in Brazil using blast furnace slag cement reinforced with pulped fibers of sisal originated from agricultural by-products. Thin pads were produced by slurring the raw materials in water, followed by de-watering and pressing stages. Studies of mechanical behavior included observations of stable crack growth behavior under monotonic loading (resistance-curve behavior), followed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the fracture surfaces. Reinforcement with cellulose fibers resulted in improved fracture toughness, even after 9 months in laboratory environment. Microscopic analysis indicated a considerable incidence of crack bridging and fiber pull-out in the composite. The shielding contributions from crack bridging are estimated using a fracture mechanics model, before comparing with the measured resistance-curve behavior.     

镍磷-纳米碳管复合镀层的力学性能

采用化学复合镀的方法, 在铜箔基体上进行Ni-P-纳米碳管复合镀。用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、显微硬度计、万能拉伸试验机等实验手段研究复合镀试样的组织和性能。结果表明: 随着镀液中纳米碳管含量的增加, 复合镀层表面的粒度变小, 硬度增加; 最大延伸率、断面收缩率和拉伸断口侧面的裂纹密度增加, 但抗拉强度、断裂强度和弹性模量降低。      

烧结温度对20%ZrO_2(3Y)/Al_2O_3复相陶瓷力学性能和微观结构的影响

20%纳米ZrO2(3Y)粉末加入到高纯亚微米Al2O3粉中,采用高压干压成型方法和恒速升温多阶段短保温烧结方法制备出不同烧结温度下的复相陶瓷。研究烧结温度对复相陶瓷力学性能的影响,通过XRD,EDS和SEM对复相陶瓷进行元素组成和微观结构分析。结果表明:烧结温度在很大程度上影响着复相陶瓷的力学性能和微观结构,常压烧结1600℃保温8h时,相对密度、维氏硬度和断裂韧性达到最大,分别为98.6%,18.54GPa和9.3MPa·m1/2,而基体晶粒尺寸为1.4~8.1μm,ZrO2相变量为34.6%。1600℃下复相陶瓷具有优质的微观结构,断裂方式为沿晶-穿晶混合断裂模式。ZrO2(3Y)粉体的加入,从相变增韧、内晶型颗粒增韧和裂纹偏转等多个方面提高了复相陶瓷的断裂韧性。     

聚丙烯腈基预氧丝毡复合材料的力学性能研究

为了制备拉伸和弯曲性能良好的聚丙烯腈基预氧丝毡/环氧树脂复合材料,研究了聚丙烯腈基预氧丝毡含量和固化温度对复合材料拉伸和弯曲性能的影响,优化出力学性能最佳的聚丙烯腈基预氧丝毡/环氧树脂复合材料制备方法,并拍摄了复合材料拉伸断口的SEM图像.研究表明:当聚丙烯腈基预氧丝毡含量为15%时,其纵向和横向的拉伸断裂载荷达到最大值,分别为1 643.73和1 235.72 MPa;同时纵向和横向弯曲强度也达到最大值,分别为64.39和53.06 MPa;复合材料的SEM图像显示,纵向拉伸断口处有少量裸露纤维,其分布方向与针刺毡铺网方向一致.     

Ni-Co/WC-Graphite复合熔覆层的组织与三点弯曲行为

采用真空熔覆技术制备了Ni-Co/WC-Graphite(G)复合熔覆层,采用SEM、XRD等分析了微观组织及相组成,利用三点弯曲研究了复合熔覆层的弯曲行为,并分析了断口形貌特征、微区元素分析与断裂机制。结果表明:整个Ni-Co/WC-G熔覆层包括复合层区、过渡层区、扩散冶金熔合带以及热影响扩散区,复合层区呈现三维织构组织特征,主要组成相有Cr_7C_3、Cr_(23)C_6、Ni_3Si、CrB、WC、C和γ-Ni-Co固溶体,扩散影响区主要组织为珠光体,扩散冶金熔合带及过渡层主要组成相为镍钴基合金固溶体及金属间化合物;具有复合熔覆层试样的三点弯曲载荷-位移曲线初始呈线性变化,而后曲线斜率逐渐减小,在达到载荷峰值时Ni-Co/WC-G复合熔覆层在承受压应力时溃裂,而在承受拉应力时断裂,由于过渡层、扩散冶金带以及热影响扩散区的存在,使载荷在熔覆层失效后仍在一定范围内缓慢增加,熔覆层区断口形貌呈沿晶或穿晶特征,基体侧的热影响扩散区呈扇形解理断裂特征,远离界面的基体区域为具有大量韧窝的韧性断裂。     

熔体浸渗法制备镁/氧化铝复合材料

采用熔体浸渗法制备了Mg/Al2O3复合材料,利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、金相显微镜等测试手段对其微观组织结构和力学性能进行了表征,并对试样断裂韧性和耐磨性进行了研究.结果表明:熔体浸渗法制备的Mg/Al2O3复合材料具有双连续相网络结构,且界面结合良好;随着Mg含量的减少,复合材料断裂韧性降低、耐磨性大幅度提高.     

无卤阻燃聚烯烃复合材料热稳定性的研究

研究了树脂基体、填料含量和偶联剂对无卤阻燃聚烯烃复合材料体系热稳定性的影响。为了研究聚烯烃类复合材料的老化机理,用扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）对老化试样断面进行了分析,在此基础上揭示了提高无卤阻燃聚烯烃材料热稳定性的有效途径。     

Cyclic fatigue crack growth and fracture in knitted randomly oriented short-fiber composite

Cyclic fatigue crack growth and fracture behavior in a chopped-mat E-glass-fiber-reinforced hybrid resin composite knitted with continuous poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers is investigated. Fatigue experiments are conducted on notched composite specimens cycled under tensile loading. The fatigue crack growth in the composite is found to exhibit an unusual, recurring crack acceleration-retardation-deceleration process, owing to the complex reinforcement configurations and material systems. The various crack-growth mechanisms involved in the composite fatigue are studied using SEM observations.