碱性体系中煤中有机硫的电化学脱除研究

以高硫煤为原料,用化学法将其无机硫脱除后,再以此作为电解煤样,在碱性条件下研究了煤中有机硫的电化学脱硫规律。讨论了电解电流、煤浆浓度、NaOH浓度等主要因素对煤中有机硫脱硫率的影响,并确定了适宜电解脱硫条件:NaOH质量浓度4.0mol/L,煤浆质量浓度0.04g/mL,反应温度70℃,电流强度1.0A,电解时间5h,获得了有机硫脱除率为32.50%的较好效果。     

酸性条件下电解脱硫对煤质的影响

为研究HCl电解质体系中电化学脱硫对煤质的影响,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)等分析方法对原煤和脱硫后煤样进行成分分析,研究煤中矿物化学成分、矿物元素含量、黄铁矿分布形态、煤表面官能团变化等。结果表明,在电解质为HCl,电流密度0.044 A/cm2,煤浆质量浓度0.02 g/m L,电解质浓度0.75 mol/L,煤粒度小于0.5 mm的条件下,电化学脱硫法可有效脱除煤中硫,全硫脱除率为76.32%,其中有机硫、无机硫脱除率分别为62.32%和82.80%,基本实现无机硫和有机硫的同步脱除;煤中灰分较脱硫前降低了9.38%,精煤发热量增加了0.70 MJ/kg,表明电化学脱硫法基本不破坏煤的原有结构,有助于改善煤质。     

高硫煤的H2O2-CH3COOH溶液体系脱硫研究

采用H2O2-CH3COOH溶液体系对高硫煤进行了脱硫研究,结果表明,H2O2-CH3COOH的溶液体系可有效脱除煤中的硫铁矿硫和有机硫,实验获得的较佳脱硫条件是溶液初始的H2O2质量分数为10%,n(H2O2)∶n(CH3COOH)为10,温度为室温,反应时间60min,液固比为3∶1,搅拌速率300r/min;在此条件下,煤中硫铁矿硫的脱出率和有机硫的脱出率均可达到65%以上.对该体系的脱硫机理分析表明,H2O2的氧化性在CH3COOH的催化作用下得以加强,促使反应生成更多的羟基自由基(·OH)和过氧羟基自由基(·OOH),这些自由基具有较高的电负性或电子亲和能,能够加速脱硫反应的进行,从而实现硫铁矿硫或有机硫从煤中的脱除.     

微波协同化学助剂强化脱除煤中硫

硫是煤中主要有害元素,煤炭利用过程中硫的排放是酸雨的重要成因,脱硫是煤炭洁净利用的研究热点之一。微波具有促进反应发生、加快反应速率的作用,微波协同化学助剂脱硫是煤炭脱硫的重要手段。本文通过微波辐照结合3种化学助剂研究煤中硫的脱除效果,利用正交试验考察微波辐照时间、化学助剂种类和煤种对脱硫效果的影响。结果表明,煤种对微波协同不同助剂的脱硫效率影响较大,所选3种煤样的最佳辐照时间各不相同;硝酸与微波联合的脱硫效果最好,其中贵州(GZ)煤在微波协同硝酸作用下,全硫脱除率可达71. 2%。形态硫测试分析表明煤样经脱硫后无机硫脱除效率较高,最高可达90. 5%,有机硫脱除效率在20%～40%。XRD谱图分析显示微波协同化学助剂脱硫后,煤中主要矿物和煤质结构没有明显变化,微波在脱除煤中硫分的同时可保持煤炭基质稳定。XPS谱图分析表明,煤样硫醚(醇)类有机硫脱除效果较好,脱除率可达49. 4%,亚砜类略低,脱除率为23%～28%,噻吩类有机硫脱除效果最差,脱除率在10%～20%。     

硝酸预处理对正丙醇脱除煤中有机硫的影响

用1:4硝酸脱除无机硫后,通过正交实验确定了1:1正丙醇水溶液脱除涪陵高有机硫煤的最佳条件.分析了煤样的粒径、溶浆浓度、萃取时间及萃取温度对有机硫脱除率的影响.结果表明:用1:4硝酸脱除无机硫后,1 : 1正丙醇水溶液对高硫煤中有机硫的脱除率高,反应条件温和,容易实现.最佳脱硫条件为:煤样粒径0.12 mm,煤浆浓度0.083 g/mL,萃取时间90 min,萃取温度87 ℃,煤样的有机硫脱除率最高可达52.29%.     

固定化脱氮硫杆菌净化硫化氢气体的研究

以海藻酸钙包埋脱氮硫杆菌制成的固定化微生物颗粒填充生物固定床,用以净化低浓度H2S废气。实验研究了温度、pH值、进气浓度及流速对反应体系中的H2S脱除率的影响,测定了生物固定床中代谢物的种类及其含量。结果表明当进气口的质量浓度低于6×10-5mg/L、25～40℃、pH值在6.0～7.5范围时,生物固定床对废气中H2S的脱除率可达90%以上,在反应过程中pH值保持不变;进气口的流速对不同浓度的H2S的影响较大,当进气口H2S质量浓度为3×10-5mg/L且流速在35L/h时,脱除率高达95%以上。元素硫作为主要产物防止了生物固定床的酸化,并保证脱硫装置的稳定性。     

铁基脱硫渣再生制备铁酸钠及其循环脱硫

用Fe2O3与Na2CO3制备铁酸钠用于脱除含硫铝酸钠溶液中的硫,采用氧化焙烧及水浸方式对铁基脱硫渣(NaFeS2?2H2O)进行再生,研究了其循环脱硫效果. 结果表明,铁基脱硫渣于950℃下在氧化性气氛中焙烧1 h,可除去脱硫渣中70%的硫;将焙烧渣水浸,硫含量降至0.2%以下,总硫去除率达99%. 将除硫后的浸出渣再制备铁酸钠用于循环脱硫,脱硫率可达67.65%,与初始脱硫剂的脱硫率(69.09%)相当,可实现铁基脱硫剂的再生循环. 焙烧时渣中硫主要以SO2气体排出,剩余可溶性Na2SO4则在水浸过程中进入溶液而被除去.     

硫酸铁氧化浸出脱除煤中硫研究

采用硫酸铁溶液氧化浸出法脱除贵州某矿煤中的硫,考察了硫酸铁溶液浓度、浸出温度、浸出时间及液固比对脱硫率的影响. 实验结果表明,在浸出温度100℃,浸出时间8 h,硫酸铁溶液浓度1 mol/L,液固比10:1时,能有效脱除煤中硫份,脱硫率达到48.56%. 脱硫前后煤样的对比分析结果表明,硫酸铁氧化浸出煤中硫的同时,不仅没有破坏煤中的有效成分,而且提高了煤样的热值,提升了煤的质量.     

高硫煤浮选法脱硫实验研究

采用浮选法脱除贵州某煤中的硫,以磺化煤油为捕收剂,WP溶液为起泡剂,CaO为抑制剂,考察了捕收剂用量、起泡剂用量、抑制剂用量以及矿浆浓度对脱硫率的影响。实验结果表明,在捕收剂用量30kg/t、起泡剂用量1.250kg/t、抑制剂用量37.5kg/t、矿浆质量浓度106g/L的条件下,能有效脱除煤中的硫分,脱硫率达到67.63%。对比分析脱硫前后煤样,结果表明浮选法脱除煤中硫的同时,也提高了煤样的热值,提升了煤的质量。     

硫含量对铝酸钠种分母液盐蒸发结晶析出的影响

研究了高硫铝土矿中硫对拜耳法NaAl(OH)4种分母液蒸发排盐的影响.结果表明,NaAl(OH)4溶液深度蒸发排盐渣中主要存在Na2CO3·H2O和NaAlO2·1.25H2O,苛碱浓度300~310 g/L时能有效析出Na2CO3且不导致NaAlO2析出过高.硫对NaAl(OH)4溶液中Na2CO3、硫盐和NaAlO2析出影响很大,析出率均随硫含量增加而增加,且排盐率均在60%以上.Na2SO4对析出率影响最大,硫浓度6 g/L时排盐率可达91.33%;Na2SO3的影响稍低;Na2S对析出率影响较小,硫浓度6 g/L时排盐率仅为68.49%.将硫浓度为4.5 g/L的NaAl(OH)4溶液蒸发至苛碱浓度为310 g/L时排盐渣中存在Na2CO·3H2O,NaAlO21.25·H2O,Na2CO32Na2SO4和其他形式复盐.蒸发过程中有部分低价硫被氧化,约有7%和4%的S2氧化为S2+和S4+,7%~11%S4+氧化为S6+.Na2CO3和各价态硫化合物交互作用,影响蒸发排盐效果.     

煤及其模型化合物电解氧化脱硫的热力学分析

根据煤的分子结构理论及热力学原理，对铁矿和有机含硫模型化俣物在标准状态下电解氧化硫的理论分解电压进行了计算，分析了电化学法脱除煤中有机硫和黄铁矿的可能性及脱硫深度，讨论了提高脱硫效率和选择性的可能途径。     

煤的电化学脱硫机理研究

本文在研究煤的电化学脱硫基础上 ,利用 X-射线衍射和红外光谱等现代测试手段研究了煤中无机硫和煤系黄铁矿硫的电化学脱硫机理。研究表明煤中无机硫和煤系黄铁矿硫的脱硫机理有相似之处。首先在电极表面产生活性氧或高价离子 ,活性氧氧化煤或煤系黄铁矿中无机硫为单质硫或硫酸盐硫。其中煤中硫氧化为硫酸盐硫 ,煤系黄铁矿硫氧化为硫或硫酸盐硫。     

水-甲醇混合溶剂中煤的电化学脱硫研究

对贵州六枝高硫煤在水 -甲醇混合溶剂中的碱性电解脱硫规律进行了研究。考察了温度、煤浆浓度、碱浓度及混合溶剂组成等因素对脱硫率的影响。     

应用油团聚(SGHFF)技术高效脱除煤炭中黄铁矿硫的研究

介绍了应用油团聚（ＳＧＨＦＦ） 技术高效脱除煤炭中硫的过程， 探讨了煤炭粉碎粒度及水量对煤炭中硫的脱除率的影响。实验结果表明， 硫含量为２．１６ ％ 的烟煤， 脱除率可达到６７ ％ 。     

Desulfurization of a Turkish lignite at various gas atmospheres by pyrolysis. Effect of mineral matter

An investigation was made of the removal of pyritic and organic sulfur by pyrolysis at ambient pressure of a Turkish lignite under nitrogen and carbon dioxide atmospheres and the effect of mineral matter on the sulfur removal in pyrolysis of HCl and HCl/HF-treated coal under carbon dioxide atmosphere. Results obtained indicated that both pyritic and organic sulfur removal increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature. The pyrolysis in carbon dioxide atmosphere had more effect on the organic sulfur removal at high temperatures. As a consequence of treatment of coal with HCl, pyritic sulfur removal increased but organic sulfur removal decreased. This implies that the removal of carbonates from coal negatively affects the organic sulfur removal. The observed decrease in organic sulfur removal may be related to the decrease in pyrolytic conversion. It was observed that HCl/HF treatment has an increased effect on the pyritic removal and organic sulfur removal during pyrolysis. The increase in organic sulfur removal after HF-treatment therefore might be due to the removal of clay minerals in the raw coal structure. In addition, it may be said that the presence of silicate minerals in the coal matrix can be induced that the easily removable organic sulfur compounds are converted to thermally stable and non-removable organic sulfur compounds (thiophenic or condensed thiophenic compounds) at these temperatures. Increase in the pyritic sulfur removal of HCl-treated and HCl/HF-treated coal samples may be attributed to the fact that increase of mass and/or heat transport in comparison with untreated coal as a result of elimination of mineral matter.     

Prospects for biodesulfurization of coal: mechanisms and related process designs

Recent developments in microbiological desulfurization of coal are reviewed. Microbiological removal of organic sulfur from coal remains to be proven conclusively, but is under active study for petroleum biodesulfurization. Microbiological removal of pyritic sulfur from coal is well established in the laboratory and recent efforts have been aimed at scale-up designs and process considerations. Microbiological depyritization may be as inexpensive as other forms of advanced coal desulfurization but it has not been tested on a large scale. Processes based on ‘indirect’ bioleaching of pyrite from coal may also have applications. Other forms of sulfur in coal, such as elemental sulfur, are usually quantitatively insignificant, but nonetheless can be removed microbiologically. Thermophilic bacteria remove pyritic sulfur from coal at faster rates than mesophilic bacteria, in part due to faster abiotic rates of pyrite oxidation at elevated temperatures. Future work in biological desulfurization of coal should include studies on treatment of waste coal or refuse material.     

Speciation and thermal transformation of sulfur forms in high-sulfur coal and its utilization in coal-blending coking process:A review

The utilization of high-sulfur coal is becoming more urgent due to the excessive utilization of low-sulfur,high-quality coal resources, and sulfur removal from high-sulfur coal is the most important issue. This paper reviews the speciation, forms and distribution of sulfur in coal, the sulfur removal from raw coal,the thermal transformation of sulfur during coal pyrolysis, and the sulfur regulation during coal-blending coking of high organic-sulfur coals. It was suggested that the proper characterization of sulfur in coal cannot be obtained only by either chemical method or instrumental characterization, which raises the need of a combination of current or newly adopted characterization methods. Different from the removal of inorganic sulfur from coal, the organic sulfur can only be partly removed by chemical technologies;and the coal structure and property, particularly high-sulfur coking coals which have caking ability,may be altered and affected by the pretreatment processes. Based on the interactions among the sulfur radicals, sulfur-containing and hydrogen-containing fragments during coal pyrolysis and the reactions with minerals or nascent char, regulating the sulfur transformation behavior in the process of thermal conversion is the most effective way to utilize high organic-sulfur coals in the coke-making industry.An in-situ regulation approach of sulfur transformation during coal-blending coking has been suggested.That is, the high volatile coals with an appropriate releasing temperature range of CH_4 overlapping well with that of H2 S from high organic-sulfur coals is blended with high organic-sulfur coals, and the C–S/C–C bonds in some sulfur forms are catalytically broken and immediately hydrogenated by the hydrogencontaining radicals generated from high volatile coals. Wherein, the effect of mass transfer on sulfur regulation during the coking process should be considered for the larger-scale coking tests through optimizing the ratios of different coals in the coal blend.     

Electrolytic pretreatment of Illinois No. 6 coal

Electrolysis of Illinois No. 6 coal in acidic as well as basic electrolytes accomplishes significant amount of sulfur and ash removal under moderate reaction conditions. Electrolysis at 1.4 V vs. SCE (saturated calomel electrode) in 2 M NaCl + 9% HCl electrolyte accomplishes 62% sulfur removal and leaves behind a clean coal with the sulfur to heating value ratio of 1.44 lb S/million Btu (0.619 kg S/GJ) while coal slurry oxidation at 3.0 V vs. SCE results in 72% ash removal. Coal electrolysis in basic electrolytes accomplishes a clean residue with relatively low oxygen content. The sulfur to heating value ratio of 2.11 lb S/million Btu (0.907 kg S/GJ) is observed for coal electrolyzed in 2 M NaOH at 3.0 V vs. SCE. Impurity removal from coal is simultaneously accompanied by clean hydrogen gas production at the cathode at Faradaic coulometric efficiencies of over 95%. Hydrogen gas is produced by the depolarization of water by mineral impurities present in coal. A relatively small amount of H₂ is produced due to water splitting caused by the carbonaceous part of the coal. Model reaction pathways for coal cleaning are discussed. More work is in progress on the types of sulfur forms removed from coal.     

煤焦油加氢脱硫催化剂的研究进展

随着石油资源的日趋减少,煤焦油加工技术受到关注。汽车尾气中含有的硫化物严重污染环境,如何高效脱除煤焦油中含硫化合物的硫原子是开发煤焦油加氢脱硫催化剂的研究重点。简述煤焦油中含硫化合物的分布状况及其特点,并分别从贵金属、非贵金属、过渡金属磷化物、氮化物、碳化物及金基双金属催化剂方面综述煤焦油加氢脱硫催化剂的研究现状,针对煤焦油中含硫组分复杂多样的特性,提出研发高效和高活性煤焦油加氢脱硫催化剂的新方向。