节能墙体空心砌块热阻特性的研究

利用有限差分法求解新型节能墙体砌块的三维温度场,将空气间层的热阻以导热、对流、辐射3种形式一一进行了计算,得到间层的热阻。进而采用电算法求出砌块的热阻,使得计算结果能精确地反映墙体砌块的热工性能。     

空心墙体建筑的节能及经济性分析

对空心墙体的静态热阻计算考虑了对流和辐射对热阻的影响,并用非稳态传热理论和计算机模拟分析的方法,利用传递函数法求解新型节能空心墙体的传热过程,计算某建筑物的围护结构(传统实心墙体和新型空心墙体)的全年逐时能耗和总能耗,并根据计算结果进行节能分析和经济性分析,得出:建筑物采用节能空心墙体与传统实心墙体相比,夏季节能27 19%,冬季节能23 92%,其投资可在10a内回收。     

无吸液芯径向热管的传热机理

研究了无吸液芯径向热管的传热机理,由可视化实验推测其换热机理为液体沸腾换热和蒸汽对流换热,在碳钢-水径向热管实验中,所测管壁温度分布证实了以上推测的机理,由实验数据计算沸腾换热量,蒸汽对流换热系数随其流速变化而不断改变,推导出对流换热系数表达式。将换热系数表达式导入计算中,做为传热边界条件,模拟管壁温度以及蒸汽温度和流速。管壁温的计算结果与实验所测值能很好的吻合,这进一步验证了无吸液芯径向热管的传热机理。     

新型节能墙体的动态传热反应系数法分析

利用有限差分法求解新型节能墙体砌块三维温度场和热阻 ,使得计算结果更准确地反映了墙体砌块的静态热工性能。用不稳定传热理论和计算机模拟分析了空心墙体砌块 ,通过比较当量密度法和当量厚度法 ,确定了传热反应系数项数的确定值 ,进一步完善了传热反应系数法 ,为此理论在空心墙体砌块的实际应用创造了更好的条件     

一种回转窑余热回收用集热器的实验研究及其结构优化

减少回转窑表面的散热损失对冶金、化工等高耗能行业的节能减排具有重要意义。针对现有窑表面集热器回收效率较低的现状,提出了一种新型集热器,并通过实验测量与数值计算分析了其换热性能。建立了集热器换热量与管长、管径及管子数等结构参数的数学关系,分别以换热面积、进出口压降以及改进的熵产数为优化目标,利用遗传算法分别对其进行了结构设计,结果表明,优化后集热器的辐射换热所需的换热面积减小15%,对流换热所需的换热面积减少20%左右。优化后两种形式的换热面所消耗的泵功明显减少。优化后集热器的传热熵产数与优化前无明显变化,而流动熵产数得到明显降低。     

基于广义原理的对流换热热阻计算方法及检验

使用积耗散与广义热阻原理分析对流换热中耗散与广义换热温差间的关系,提出了控制体内三种广义热阻值计算方法的表达形式,并在二维平行通道层流换热中进行检验,与传统热阻计算方法作比较后发现传统的表面传热系数不能准确体现研究区域内的热导(阻)能力,三种广义热阻计算方法的表达形式相互吻合,结果一致,且对流换热退化为热传导时与定义式和热传导计算结果统一,表明是可靠的对流热阻计算方法;使用该方法研究二维平行通道内入口段的对流换热,发现广义热阻值的普遍趋势是随流动发展热阻增大,符合对流换热的基本理念,定义式热阻则表现变化很大,受温差与壁面热流量影响明显;检验中发现了广义式热阻与定义式热阻的差异是由于定义式热阻为简化表达导致。     

一种回转窑余热回收用集热器的实验研究及其结构优化

减少回转窑表面的散热损失对冶金、化工等高耗能行业的节能减排具有重要意义。针对现有窑表面集热器回收效率较低的现状,提出了一种新型集热器,并通过实验测量与数值计算分析了其换热性能。建立了集热器换热量与管长、管径及管子数等结构参数的数学关系,分别以换热面积、进出口压降以及改进的熵产数为优化目标,利用遗传算法分别对其进行了结构设计,结果表明,优化后集热器的辐射换热所需的换热面积减小15%,对流换热所需的换热面积减少20%左右。优化后两种形式的换热面所消耗的泵功明显减少。优化后集热器的传热熵产数与优化前无明显变化,而流动熵产数得到明显降低。     

基于广义原理的对流换热热阻计算方法及检验

使用积耗散与广义热阻原理分析对流换热中耗散与广义换热温差间的关系, 提出了控制体内三种广义热阻值计算方法的表达形式, 并在二维平行通道层流换热中进行检验, 与传统热阻计算方法作比较后发现传统的表面传热系数不能准确体现研究区域内的热导（阻）能力, 三种广义热阻计算方法的表达形式相互吻合, 结果一致, 且对流换热退化为热传导时与定义式和热传导计算结果统一, 表明是可靠的对流热阻计算方法; 使用该方法研究二维平行通道内入口段的对流换热, 发现广义热阻值的普遍趋势是随流动发展热阻增大, 符合对流换热的基本理念, 定义式热阻则表现变化很大, 受温差与壁面热流量影响明显; 检验中发现了广义式热阻与定义式热阻的差异是由于定义式热阻为简化表达导致。     

导热油炉的传热计算分析

分析了导热油炉的传热计算方法,包括炉子热平衡、炉膛辐射换热和对流换热计算。并论述了炉膛出口烟气温度、炉膛辐射受热面、对流段烟气流速和排烟热损失等问题。     

载热体加热炉的传热研究

首先对单侧紧排受热管的传热进行了研究，得出了载热体加热炉内层盘管的前半周管壁几乎接受全部辐射热，后半周管壁只参与对流换热，管内热载体所吸收的热量是辐射换热量和对流换热量之和，即在稳态情况下，热载体的温升可由两者迭加计算而得到。其次讨论了热载体在螺旋盘管内产生与主流方向相垂直的二次回流的现象，给出了螺旋盘管中热载体的截面温度分布。最后采用区域法对载热体燃油加热炉辐射室的辐射传热进行了分析，建立了综合描述炉内各种过程的数学模型，利用数值方法求解，得出辐射室内烟气温度分布、管壁温度分布、炉顶和炉底的温度分布、炉管表面热强度分布和管内热载体的温度分布。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.