基于直接学习法的一种新预失真器

为了克服宽带信号经过记忆放大器的非线性失真,针对有记忆非线性功放的多项式模型,提出了一种新的基于直接学习法的自适应算法.该算法采用无记忆预失真器的级联扩展,具有横向滤波器结构,与记忆多项式有相似的线性化效果.并且针对信号噪声对自适应算法的扰动和收敛速度慢等缺点,采用归一化LMS算法加以改进.在非线性功放的记忆多项式模型下,通过宽带信号验证了基于直接学习法的记忆型预失真器算法的有效性.     

基于BP神经网络的透明转发卫星功放预失真

研究卫星通信功放性能优化问题,传统的预失真技术通常用来补偿地面功放的非线性失真或仅考虑卫星功放的失真补偿,线性化性能有限.为解决上述问题,提出了一种适合透明转发卫星的星地一体BP神经网络预失真算法.改进算法的学习结构同时考虑了卫星地球站固态功放和透明转发卫星功放的记忆非线性特性,利用带抽头延迟的BP神经网络作为预失真器,并结合收敛速度较快的Levenberg-Marquardt算法对其权值和阈值矢量进行自适应更新.仿真结果表明,经过神经网络预失真的星座图误差矢量幅度改善了84.67％,输出信号功率谱带外再生抑制提升近了13 dB,线性化效果十分显著.     

基于多项式模型的功率放大器非线性特性和预失真分析

信号在功放过程中,会产生非线性失真.因此对信号首先进行预失真处理是改善功放的非线性失真一种重要技术手段.对无记忆和有记忆的功放模型和预失真模型进行建模.利用多项式模型对功放模型进行建模,利用多项式模型和有约束优化问题来对预失真模型进行建模.对于无记忆信号,最终得到一个7次多项式的功放模型和7次多项式的预失真模型,线性化后最大可能的幅度放大倍数为1.83.对于有记忆信号,得到一个次数为5、记忆长度为3的多项式功放模型和次数为5、记忆长度为3的多项式预失真模型,线性化后最大可能的幅度放大倍数为9.48.     

基于数字预失真技术的功放线性化研究

无线通信系统中,由于功放本身的非线性失真,导致信号带外产生频谱,限制了数据速率和频谱利用率。通过分析功放非线性原理,针对无记忆和记忆两种功放行为模型,提出分别采用查找表算法和最小二乘与最小均方误差相结合的算法进行线性优化。在Matlab环境下创建数字基带预失真链路模型。仿真结果表明,预失真器对两种模型中功率谱密度的改善分别达到39dB和15dB,提高了功放效率,降低了邻道干扰。针对不同功放类型的线性化进行对比研究讨论,并选择出适合不同功放的最优算法,具有较好的预失真效果,为设计实际功放线性化电路具有指导意义。     

功放非线性特性及预失真模型研究

针对功率放大器的非线性特性问题进行研究,分别根据无记忆和有记忆两种类型的功放特性曲线用最小二乘法拟合出功放模型,根据线性化原则以及输出幅度限制和功率最大化约束,建立预失真模型.以误差函数和工程可实现性为评价指标,从不同模型中分别选出无记忆和有记忆最优模型.仿真测试表明被选取的多项式预失真模型能够有效的改善功率放大器的非线性具有较好的抗噪性,对工程实践中预失真器的设计具有一定的指导意义.     

一种具有普适性的功放线性化预失真方案

为解决功率放大器的非线性问题,提高功放效率,提出了一种能够应用于多种类型功放的间接结构多项式数字基带预失真方案。采取间接预失真结构规避了功放的辨识过程,选择记忆多项式模型作为预失真器能够线性化多种类型的功放,同时采用改进的抑制牛顿算法减少了参数的迭代次数和运算量。以64QAM信号作为输入,对几种典型的功放模型进行数字预失真处理,通过MATLAB仿真分析预失真前后信号的功率谱变化以及ACPR值的改变,表明该方案能够取得比较理想的预失真效果,同时证明了此预失真方案具有一定的普适性。     

自适应宽带数字预失真理论分析和仿真

研究优化宽带性能问题,在多载波调制系统中,具有较大峰均比的宽带线性调制信号经过射频功率放大器会产生非线性失真和记忆效应.为了消除功放非线性带来的影响,提出了宽带自适应数字预失真技术,采用间接学习结构设计预失真系统,记忆多项式模型进行功放辨识,并运用递推最小二乘算法更新预失真器参数.仿真结果表明,预失真器改善带外频谱抑制25dB左右,有效地补偿了功放的非线性失真和记忆效应,提高了功放效率,对通信传输质量有了提高,并为优化设计提供了参考.     

基于数字预失真技术的有记忆功放线性化研究

现代通信系统中,具有较大峰均比和带宽的线性调制信号经过大功率功放会产生非线性失真和记忆效应.针对高峰均比的宽带输入信号,提出一套联合峰均比抑制技术和基带自适应预失真技术来改善功放非线性失真的可行方案.并仿真了峰值抵消算法和自适应预失真算法,结果表明对于峰均比为7.6dB的输入信号,经过1dB的削峰处理后,预失真器改善带外频谱抑制25dB左右,有效的补偿了功放的非线性失真和记忆效应,提高了功放效率,对功放线性化技术有一定的实用价值.     

一种BP逆模型离线训练自适应预失真方法

为了进一步改善非线性功率放大器系统的线性度,提出了一种基于BP神经网络逆向建模的离线训练自适应预失真方法。利用BP神经网络对功放逆向建模,并将建立好的逆模型参数作为预失真器模型初值。为了提高在初始预失真系统中预失真器的线性化效果及系统自适应进程的速度,在建立自适应预失真系统之前,利用BP逆向模型对预失真器进行离线训练。最后采用直接结构和最小均方（LMS）算法调节神经网络预失真器的权值,以消除放大器非线性的扰动。仿真结果显示,此方案可使邻道互调功率降低约18 dB,而经典的直接—非直接结构只降低了8 dB,表明此预失真方案能够更好地改善功率放大器的线性度。     

增益衰减对预失真算法的性能优化

在放大器功率增益对预失真线性化性能的影响问题的研究中,线性化技术需要更大的线性工作区域和更高的线性化性能.为提高变压器的性能,提出一种新的预失真算法优化方法,调整预失真器的应用模式,通过衰减输出功率增益扩展线性工作区域,并能实现较好的线性化性能.实验验证了上述优化方法的有效性.合理选择实际输出功率增益,利用增益衰减优化预失真算法,可以增大预失真放大器的线性工作区域,提升变压器的线性化性能.改进的优化方法为预失真技术的研究和应用提供了科学依据.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.