风载荷对车载平台稳定性干扰的研究

研究车载平台稳定性优化设计问题,针对车载光电跟踪设备工作环境的复杂性,存在温差、风载荷等外界因素干扰车载平台定位的稳定性.为了分析风载荷对车载平台重复定位稳定性的干扰程度,在车载平台的前支撑腿和后支撑腿处分别建立了数学模型,推算出在风载荷的作用下副车架的挠度公式.使用三维仿真软件MSC.PATRAN生成有限元模型,在三点支撑的状态下对模型进行变形仿真,得到0级、4级、5级、6级风速下的副车架的变形值,综合比较无风状态和不同风速下的副车架变形情况,检验风载荷对车载平台稳定性的干扰情况.实验结果表明,6级风对已对准光路造成了0.3″的误差影响,与20″的工作精度要求相比,承受性能较好.验证了车载光电跟踪设备可以达到6级风环境中的工作性能.     

基于MSC Nastran的前副车架动刚度分析

设计某A级乘用车的前副车架,并用HyperMesh建立其有限元模型,用MSC Nastran的模态频率响应方法对该前副车架进行动刚度分析,得到相关频率的动刚度值.对该前副车架悬置点的动刚度分析可以为车辆NVH性能提供理论参考.     

交变力作用下的可见光探测器结构设计

在可见光探测器结构优化设计问题的研究中,为保证可见光探测器在交变力作用下的成像精度,设计了一种新型可见光探测器结构.通过材料选取和结构的设计,提高了可见光探测器的整体刚度.建立有限元模型,分析计算了结构在载荷作用下的变形量,用以检验所设计的可见光探测器结构的刚度性能;对模型进行了模态分析,可验证结构固有频率远离系统成像帧频,能够避免因共振引起的成像质量下降.最后,通过设计实验的方法来验证可见光探测器结构的刚度性能及沿Y方向的固有频率.实验结果表明可见光探测器设计方案满足各项指标要求.     

前副车架焊缝疲劳分析和寿命优化

为评估前副车架的耐久性能,利用FEMFAT分析某汽车前副车架的疲劳寿命.提出焊缝不同区域单元的尺寸要求和焊缝连接单元的厚度要求,以保证前副车架焊缝的局部应力真实可信;采用S-N法预测焊缝疲劳寿命,计算得到的开裂位置和行驶距离与道路试验吻合良好;通过加强局部结构并重新布置焊缝位置,使前副车架通过耐久试验测试.分析表明:通过规范焊缝的建模要求,根据实际结构设置合适的焊缝类型,可准确预测焊缝的疲劳寿命,指导焊缝布置,优化产品结构.     

装载机后车架焊接顺序优化的数值仿真

利用热弹塑性有限元法和Marc对装载机后车架的焊接变形进行数值仿真.分别用壳单元和实体单元进行仿真,对比焊接角变形,结果表明两者精度比较相似.建立后车架壳单元热-力耦合模型,定性对比在相同约束条件下焊接顺序对整个后车架结构内缩变形和面外弯曲变形的影响.结果表明,在先焊接框架焊缝的条件下,整体结构刚度增大,各种变形较小;其中,当采用正/反面焊缝、立焊缝依次焊接时,大梁下挠峰值最小,为0.002 m,从而确定后车架最佳焊接顺序方案,在该顺序下的变形模拟值与实测值吻合良好.     

长条形反射镜背部支撑方案研究

在空间微重力和温度载荷的作用下,反射镜及其支撑结构的变形会影响或破坏光学系统的成像质量.从保证反射镜成像质量及功能的角度出发,介绍了某种光学遥感器反射镜及其支撑结构材料的选取原则;探讨厂反射镜的支撑方式,提出了背部单点支撑与两点支撑两种方案;针对面型精度要求较高的反射镜,提出了柔性支撑结构的设计思想.采用有限元方法,埘反射镜结构进行分析,并对采用柔性支撑结构后的反射镜进行静力学分析和模态分析.分析结果表明:两种支撑方案均满足面型要求,且前者优于后者.     

典型柔性铰链的结构参数对其刚度性能影响的研究

柔性铰链是目前被广泛用于微动机器人的主要部件之一,其刚度性能直接影响到微动 机器人的终端定位和操作精度．由于实际需要的多样性和复杂性,使得其实际结构的几何尺 寸不能完全满足传统理论分析的假设条件,因此影响到对其性能的准确分析．本文采用有限 元技术对三种典型柔性铰运动变形的力学机理进行了系统的研究,并与传统理论的分析结果 进行了比较,分析了二者间产生误差的根本原因,并给出其结构参数对刚度性能的影响关系 ．     

基于有限元方法的3-PPSR大长径比柔性并联机器人刚度模型分析

为实现较大工作空间的运动,设计了一种大长径比的3-PPSR结构的微操作柔性并联机器人.该机器人由压电马达驱动,采用大长径比柔性铰链连接,柔性铰链的变形范围在毫米级,适用于要求大变形的场合,同时具有结构简单、无奇异、无间隙、运动精度高等特点.由于系统的刚度直接影响系统的运动精度、承载负荷等性能,针对大长径比柔性铰链特点,运用有限元方法,建立了柔性铰链的数学模型,并采用整体刚度的方法,结合机构协调方程和力平衡方程,得到系统的柔性刚度模型.最后,采用ANSYS比较了所建理论刚度模型结果与有限元模型分析的结果.分析结果表明,理论刚度模型合理,符合机构的运动特征.     

环形氮化铝压电MEMS谐振器的支撑结构设计研究

基于有限元仿真研究了方环和圆环形谐振器的静态位移点,并分析了支撑轴位置对谐振器性能的影响,提出了优化设计方案:对于方环形谐振器,在对角处设置双端侧向支撑以降低其锚点损耗;对于圆环形谐振器,采用单端侧向支撑以及三端底部支撑相结合的器件结构,在保证电学信号引出的同时,提升器件的品质因数Q.针对所设计的器件结构特征,设计了一...     

轨道动力车车架结构强度与刚度分析

为了计算轨道动力车车车架的静强度,保证动力车正常的工作和运行,提出了一种在三维软件中建模方法与边界条件的施加方法。运用ANSYSWORKBENCH软件对车架进行结构静强度和刚度的有限元分析并与试验结果对比。结果表明:车架的静强度和刚度均满足设计要求,对于同一测试点其仿真分析的应力值与试验得到的应力值误差基本在15%以内,结果一致性较好,所提出的方法也可以为其他类型的车架建模及仿真分析提供参考。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.