无线网络雷击信号快速采集方法研究与仿真

在雷击信号准确采集的研究中,无线网络受到雷击后,会导致信号突变,突变的周期很短.传统的信号采集方法采用提高采集频率的方法对这种瞬时信号进行采集,存在较大漏检风险.为提高采集精度,提出采用小波模糊网络算法的无线网络雷击信号快速采集方法.针对无线传感网络采集到的所有信号进行滤波处理,提取信号特征,并针对信号特征进行微分变换,能够得到滤波处理结果.将上述滤波处理结果输入到小波模糊网络模型中,获取雷击信号特征向量和对应的检测误差,针对检测误差进行补偿,实现无线网络信号更新,模型的输出结果是无线网络雷击信号.实验结果表明,利用改进算法进行无线网络雷击信号检测,能够对雷击信号频率进行准确的分析,提高采集的准确性.     

基于支持向量机的无创血糖光谱算法

为了实现无创血糖浓度检测,提出了基于支持向量机回归模型的无创血糖光谱算法. 该算法使用光电容积脉搏波（PPG）设备对志愿者指端红光、红外光交替采样得到PPG信号,然后通过微创血糖仪测得血糖浓度. 对采集到的PPG信号进行处理提取特征组成特征矩阵,分别运用不同机器学习模型对特征矩阵和实时血糖浓度进行回归训练,得到特征矩阵与血糖浓度间的关系,并对训练得到的函数关系进行验证,选取出高斯核支持向量机模型为最佳训练模型. 实验证明,与偏最小二乘回归进行对比,本文提出的运用核函数为高斯核的支持向量机算法的预测准确度能提升10%～15%,预测的高低血糖正确率达到98%.     

遥感图像特征提取算法仿真

研究遥感图像特征准确提取问题.遥感图像采集过程中,经常受到天空不定项云层干扰,云层会大幅反射遥感射线,导致遥感成像中存在碎云杂波,造成遥感图像中关键特征模糊、丢失等问题.传统的图像分割算法根据单一阀值设定滤波值,很难对这种随机性的碎云杂波干扰建立有效的过滤模型,造成特征分割结果偏差较大.为解决上述问题,提出了一种抗碎云杂波干扰的遥感图像特征提取算法.建立灰度增强模型,对遥感图像进行增强处理,提高图像的对比度,为特征提取提供准确的数据基础.利用最小二乘法,实现碎云杂波干扰环境下的遥感图像特征提取.实验结果表明,这种算法能够有效提高遥感图像特征提取的准确性.     

基于扰动特征分解和前馈调制的网络波动跳变信号抑制算法

在网络切换和数据通信中,会产生一种网络波动下的时频跳变谐振信号,需要对这种网络波动跳变信号进行抑制,以提高网络稳定性。提出一种基于扰动特征分解和前馈调制的网络波动跳变信号抑制算法,构建网络波动跳变信号谐振数学模型,采用射线模型对网络跳变单频脉冲中的波动信号进行传播损失估计,基于多普勒频移算法提取扰动特征,利用混响慢变包络切片把波动跳变信号的能量聚集在扰动方向,在希尔伯特空间上对网络波动跳变信号进行扰动特征分解。设计前馈调制滤波器,实现对网络波跳变信号的前馈调制抑制。仿真结果表明,该算法能有效抑制网络波动跳变中的谐振信号,避免了信息损失,数据传输丢包率得到降低,实时性好,解决了大规模混合组网中启动滞后、服务器负载、颤抖等问题。     

基于上采样金字塔结构的卷积神经网络的非侵入负荷辨识算法

非侵入式负荷监测（NILM）技术为需求侧管理提供了技术支撑,而非侵入负荷辨识是负荷监测过程中的关键环节。在负荷数据采样过程中无法实现长期的实时高频采集,得到的负荷数据还存在缺乏时序性的问题;同时,卷积神经网络（CNN）存在对低级信号特征表现不足的缺陷。针对以上两个问题,提出了一种基于上采样金字塔结构的CNN非侵入负荷辨识算法。所提算法直接面向采集到的负荷电流信号,利用上采样网络扩展数据在时间维度上的相关信息弥补数据的时序性,并通过双向金字塔一维卷积提取负荷信号的高级与低级特征,以对负荷特征进行全面利用,从而实现对未知负荷信号进行识别的目的。实验结果表明,基于上采样金字塔结构的CNN非侵入负荷辨识算法的识别准确率能够达到95.21%,且具有良好的泛化能力,可有效实现负荷辨识。     

无线分布式网络非平稳信号时延估计方法

如果只凭借整数倍的采样间隔计算平稳信号,会存在时间延迟问题.为解决上述问题,提出无线分布式网络非平稳信号时延估计方法.由于网络中含有噪声信号、干扰信号和网络信号,针对三者建立时延估计模型,运用二次相关算法降低干扰信号对网络信号影响,保证在低信噪比环境下对时间延迟的有效计算.为了避免出现伪峰值,影响计算结果,将二次相关函数与希尔伯特变换算法相结合,使相关函数的偶对称性转换为奇对称性,并将对峰值的检测转换为过零检测,将误差控制在最低,完成对时延的估计.通过仿真结果表明,所提方法有着较优的计算效果,且在噪声环境和混响环境下,依然可以实现对非平稳信号时延的有效估计.     

基于小波树模型的CoSaMP压缩感知算法

无线传感网络存在网络带宽限制和传感器节点的能耗问题,实际应用中通常希望可以通过重构算法从采集的少量数据中还原出原始信息,压缩感知理论为上述问题提供了一个解决思路。利用压缩感知理论,对无线传感器网络中温度传感器的监测信号进行了压缩感知的应用研究。针对传统压缩采样匹配追踪(CoSaMP)算法中测量次数多、重构精度低等问题,利用信号的小波系数所形成的连通树的结构特性,提出了基于小波树模型的压缩采样匹配追踪算法。将该算法应用到无线传感器网络监测信号的压缩感知仿真实验中,与传统压缩采样匹配追踪算法的重构性能进行比较,结果表明该算法较传统压缩采样匹配追踪算法在一定范围内对无线传感器网络中的温度信号具有更好的压缩感知性能。     

强震动冲击环境下的网络异常信号检测仿真

强震动冲击环境下的网络异常信号检测,可保证网络安全稳定的运行.在强震动冲击环境下,网络异常信号检测过程中存在较强的振荡波动和随机噪声,使得真实的异常信号特征与振动信号的频率及其相似.传统的基于核数据的网络异常信号检测方法,针对强震动冲击环境下的干扰,无法提取稳定的异常网络信号特征,不能够准确完成网络信号特征的分类,使得获取的网络异常信号检测结果存在较大的偏差.提出了一种采用敏感性分析的网络异常信号检测方法,在强震动冲击环境下的影响,网络异常信号与振动信号相比,存在一定的异常敏感性,先采用频率敏感性的检测方法初步检测网络异常信号,塑造网络结构有限元模型和敏感性矩阵,最后通过粒子群算法的模糊神经网络,选择模糊优选模型函数作为激励函数,能够根据强震动冲击的强度来确定各个影响因子的隶属度,确定了异常信号发生和损伤的精确位置,实现了网络异常信号的精确检测.实验结果表明,改进方法比传统方法更具有优越性,在强震动冲击环境下具有较高的网络异常信号检测效率和精度.     

一种抗动态运动干扰的雷达车辆测距算法仿真

研究车辆行驶过程中的准确测距问题.车辆在行驶的过程中,行驶速度存在较强的突变性,且很难运用动态模型进行描述,而传统的利用计算机视觉信号的采样频率采样的方法也很难保证较为完全地采集这种信号突变,最终动态的信号变换只能导致测距结果失真,降低了车辆测距的准确性.为了避免上述缺陷,提出了一种抗击动态运动干扰的雷达车辆测距算法.采集车辆测距调频信号,利用非线性滤波方法对其进行去噪处理,得到准确的中频信号.通过计算中频信号动态发射频率消除动态误差,从而实现车辆测距.实验结果表明,这种算法能够有效提高车辆测距的准确性,取得了令人满意的效果.     

非稳态故障信号的深度挖掘方法仿真分析

机械设备在运转中转速总会存在波动或者发生较大变化,与转速相关的故障特征频率也会产生一定的波动,甚至是较大范围的跳跃,设备振动故障特征频率存在非线性,很难用模型公式描述.传统的采用小波分解的故障特征挖掘方法,将信号分解到不同频段上,判断故障特征频率的一致性,上述方法诊断条件单一、规则惟一,一旦故障信号不完整或信号波动,就无法进行诊断.为了避免上述缺陷,提出了一种融合诊断网络算法的非稳态故障信号的深度挖掘方法.利用小波变换方法,提取非稳态故障信号的特征.再利用融合诊断网络,获取故障信息,从而实现非稳态故障信号的深度挖掘.实验结果表明,利用改进算法能够有效提高非稳态故障信号挖掘的准确性,有利于故障的快速修复.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.