聚丙烯腈基炭膜的制备及气体分离性能的研究

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)作为前驱体,经过溶解、成膜、预氧化及炭化等步骤得到无缺陷炭膜。通过热质量损失、红外光谱、x射线衍射和电子显微镜等技术分析了前驱体的热稳定性与微结构演变,研究了PAN交联结构及预氧化温度与炭化温度对炭膜微观结构与气体分离性的影响。由结果可知:PAN膜最佳预氧化温度为230℃。较低的炭化温度或渗透压力有利于获得较高的气体渗透性。在预氧化温度230℃及炭化温度650℃所制备炭膜对O2/N2选择性达2.7。     

预氧化对多孔炭膜性能的影响

以石油沥青为原料经无粘结剂模压成型法制备了多孔炭膜,考察了预氧化过程中成型样的预氧化行为及预氧化条件对炭膜的气体渗透选择性的影响。实验结果表明：预氧化温度的增加和时间的延长均有利于改善炭膜的气体渗透选择性能,一其中温度是比时间更为显著的影响因素。     

炭化条件对多孔炭膜性能的影响

以石油沥青为原料,采用无粘结剂成型制备多孔炭膜,考察了炭化条件对炭膜的Ｈ２和Ｎ２气体渗透率和理想分离系数的影响,并用压汞法表征了炭膜的孔径分布,结果表明：炭化温度是影响炭膜性能的关键因素,制备的炭膜具有均匀性孔径分布,平均孔径为１５３ｎｍ。     

热缩聚煤沥青压型制备分子筛炭膜：炭膜基板的制备（Ⅰ）

以一种热缩聚煤沥青为原料制务炭膜基板，考察了预氧化、炭化条件对炭膜基板的气体透过性和选择性的影响。结果表明：炭膜基板对ＣＯ_２／Ｈ_２及Ｎ_２／Ｈ_２有一定的分离能力，分离系数在３．０左右，气体的透过速率在１０~（－３）ｃｍ~３（ＳＴＰ）／（ｃｍ~２·ｓ·ｃｍＨｇ）数量级，同时，还考察了炭化温度对炭膜基板的机械强度、失重和收缩程度的影响。     

水处理用炭膜的制备研究

以煤基沥青为原料,通过热处理制得中间相沥青,粉碎后经自粘成型、预氧化、炭化过程制得炭膜,把制得的炭膜用于染料水溶液的分离．通过考察各个工艺条件对炭膜分离性能的影响,确定出制备炭膜的最佳工艺参数．并考察了浸渍法对炭膜分离性能的影响．     

炭化条件对聚丙烯腈炭膜性能的影响

采用浸渍法在煤基炭管上制备出聚丙烯腈基复合炭膜,考察了炭化条件对聚丙烯腈基炭膜性能的影响.结果表明,炭化温度和升温速率对炭膜的孔结构及分离性能的影响较大,而惰性气体流率和恒温时间的影响则相对较小.通过优化这些实验参数可以制备出复合效果好、表面光滑无缺陷的聚丙烯腈炭膜.     

Y型沸石/炭杂化膜的制备及其气体分离性能

以聚酰胺酸为前驱体,Y型沸石为掺杂物,经高温炭化制备了Y型沸石/炭杂化膜.通过纯组分气体(H2,CO2,O2,N2)的渗透实验对杂化膜的气体渗透性能进行测定,并使用透射电镜,X射线衍射对杂化膜的微结构进行表征.研究了沸石的含量以及炭化温度对杂化炭膜的气体渗透性能和微结构的影响.结果表明,随着膜内沸石含量的提高,Y型沸石/炭杂化膜的气体渗透性能明显提高,而随着炭化温度的升高,Y型沸石/炭杂化膜的渗透系数降低,选择性提高.与纯炭膜相比,Y型沸石/炭杂化膜在保持高O2N2选择性的前提下,其渗透性能显著提高.炭化温度为700℃,沸石含量为15%,Y型沸石/炭杂化膜O2的气体渗透系数为501 bareer,O2/N2选择性为15.6.当炭化温度超过800℃以后,杂化膜中的沸石晶体结构被破坏,其气体渗透系数接近纯炭膜的气体渗透系数.因此,保持沸石孔道结构的完整是制备高性能沸石/炭杂化膜的关键因素之一.     

杂化炭膜的制备及其气体分离应用研究进展

杂化炭膜是一种新型的无机气体分离膜材料,在有效分离气体的应用中有广阔的工业化前景.综述了杂化炭膜制备过程中有机聚合物、掺杂物的选择及采用的涂膜方式和炭化条件对膜分离性能的影响及其在气体分离应用方面的研究进展,并对杂化炭膜的发展方向进行了展望.     

自支撑石墨烯炭膜的制备及气体分离性能

通过溶剂蒸发法得到聚酰胺酸（PAA）与氧化石墨烯（GO）的复合石墨烯膜,并经600℃炭化制备了具有良好柔韧性的仿贝壳珍珠层结构的自支撑石墨烯炭膜。通过X射线衍射和场发射扫描电镜对薄膜微观结构进行表征,并测试不同PAA固含量制备的石墨烯炭膜对CO₂和CH₄的分离性能。结果表明,炭化后,GO被还原成石墨烯,呈层状堆叠,堆叠的层间填充了空穴和残炭;石墨烯炭膜的CO₂渗透通量和CO₂/CH₄分离理想选择性随PAA加入量增加,CO₂通量最高可达824 barrer,此时CO₂/CH₄理想选择性达38.9。石墨烯层骨架和碳分子筛构成石墨烯炭膜的气体传输通道,本研究成果为柔性自支撑气体分离炭膜的制备开辟了新思路。     

酚醛基炭膜的制备

以酚醛树脂为原料，制备了炭膜，并对其气体渗透性能进行了研究。考察了炭化温度、压差和浸涂改性对气体分离性能的影响。气体透过炭膜的扩散以努森扩散为主，并伴有粘性流。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。