不同混凝剂对深度脱水污泥水的预处理效果研究

在白龙港污水处理厂深度脱水污泥水水质特性分析的基础上,考察了聚氯化铝(PAC)、聚氯化铁(PFC)、阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺(cPAM)和阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺(aPAM)单独及复合投加对深度脱水污泥水预处理效果的影响。混凝剂主要去除深度脱水污泥水COD和总磷中的颗粒性部分,且各混凝剂的去除率无明显差异。与无机混凝剂PAC和PFC相比,有机混凝剂PAM更适合于深度脱水污泥水的混凝沉淀预处理。     

PDMDAAC复合PAC用于冬季低温低浊黄河水研究

阐述用有机阳离子高分子聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDMDAAC)与无机混凝剂复合物对冬季低温低浊黄河水的脱浊处理研究过程。通过混凝烧杯实验,考察了药剂投加量及PAC与PDMDAAC的复合配比对低温低浊黄河水脱浊效果的影响。结果表明,对温度为8℃左右,浊度在50NTU以下的黄河水,PDMDAAC对PAC强化混凝脱浊效果明显,PAC与PDM-DAAC的复合配比越低,复合混凝剂脱浊效果越好。要达到6NTU的水厂沉淀出水余浊标准,PAC需1.3 mg/L左右的投加量,而脱浊效果较好的低复合配比药剂PAC投加量在1.0 mg/L左右,减少残余铝含量20%左右。     

高悬浮物矿井水处理系统工艺改进研究

为了提高矿井水处理系统的处理能力,改善出水水质,降低运行费用,实现矿井水的资源化回用,对某矿高悬浮物矿井水处理工艺系统进行了改进研究。改进后的处理工艺采用"絮凝污泥回流强化助凝反应+高密度预沉淀+混凝反应+高效沉淀",部分出水采用石英砂滤罐进一步降低浊度后供给工人洗澡用水。首先通过对浊度为802 NTU的原水进行的混凝试验研究确定了2号PAC与PAM为最佳混凝剂和助凝剂,最佳投加量分别为140 mg/L、0.1 mg/L,出水浊度可降为2.3 NTU;在此基础上,为了进一步降低药剂投加量以降低水厂的运行费用,采用絮凝污泥回流强化助凝反应并完成高密度预沉淀后再进行混凝沉淀处理。结果表明:当絮凝污泥回流比为原水量的12%时,混凝反应时最佳投药量PAC、PAM分别为80 mg/L、0.1 mg/L,PAC投药量降低了43%,出水浊度可降为2.1 NTU。     

臭氧组合工艺深度处理酒精废水

研究了混凝-O3、O3-混凝、混凝-H2O2-O3等臭氧组合工艺对某酒精废水的深度处理效果.结果表明:混凝-O3工艺中臭氧的加入同样可以达到单独混凝所达到的出水效果,处理效率高,减少了混凝剂的投加量,从而减少了产泥量;O3-混凝工艺的试验表明,臭氧对混凝存在促进作用,在相同混凝剂和臭氧投加量的条件下,O3-混凝工艺对有机物的去除效果好于混凝-O3工艺;混凝-H2O2-O3工艺中,H2O2的加入提高了臭氧对CODCr的去除效果,H2O2的投加量存在最优值,在本试验中一次性投加H2O2 165 mg/L时CODCr去除率最高,达75%,比未投加H2O2时对CODCr的去除率提高了45%.H2O2分次投加比一次性投加对CODCr的去除率高,同时,随着臭氧投加量的增加,分次投加与一次性投加对CODCr的去除率差距变小.     

沼液预处理最优混凝搅拌条件的研究

通过混凝法对沼液进行预处理最优条件的研究,为沼液预处理提供参考。在实验室条件下,对COD、TN、TP、色度和SS的去除率综合评价混凝工艺效果。实验中依次进行混凝剂投加量、助凝剂投加量、pH和搅拌强度的单因素实验,进而通过正交实验确定沼液预处理最优的混凝搅拌条件。试验结果表明:PAC投加量为4 g/L、PAM投加量为50 mg/L、搅拌速度为200 r/min、混凝阶段同时投加PAC和PAM,处理后的水样COD、TN、TP、色度和SS分别为216.20、181.99、0.18、11.77和71.67 mg/L,去除率分别达到92.51%、88.85%、99.75%、98.37%和89.46%,达到畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准(GB18596-2001),减轻了后续污水处理的负荷,为沼液实际处理提供了理论支持。     

脱色剂与聚硫酸铁在印染综合废水处理中的应用研究

某印染综合废水处理厂目前以聚氯化铝(PAC)和氧化剂作为混凝沉淀段的投加药剂,药剂费用为0.35元/m3.以该印染综合废水处理厂生化出水为处理对象,通过投加脱色剂(甲醛-双氰胺)和聚硫酸铁达到提高出水水质的目的.小试确定了两种药剂的最佳使用条件,并在该厂进行了生产性试验,结果表明,与试验前废水处理厂使用PAC和氧化剂的效果相比,各污染物去除效果明显提高,CODCr、色度、SS和TP的去除率分别可达43%、74%、65%和63%,且处理药剂费用仅为0.24元/m3.     

强化混凝技术处理东太湖原水研究

在常规混凝工艺确定的最佳处理条件下,考察了单独高锰酸钾(KMnO4)和次氯酸钠(NaClO)预氧化、单独投加粉末活性炭(PAC)以及KMnO4和PAC联用对混凝处理东太湖原水的强化效果。结果表明,聚氯化铝和硫酸铝的最佳投加量分别为20mg/L和30mg/L,聚氯化铝的混凝效果明显优于硫酸铝;投加KMnO4对浊度、CODMn和UV254的去除均有一定程度提高,但不利于原水氨氮的去除;投加PAC有显著的强化混凝作用,各指标去除率均有所提高;KMnO4和PAC联用能进一步提高水中UV254的去除率;预氧化大大提高了混凝对氨氮的去除效果,投加1mg/L NaClO对氨氮去除率可达100%。     

改性活化硅酸处理低温低浊度地表微污染水的试验研究

以聚合氯化铝(PAC)为混凝剂,改性活化硅酸为助凝剂,通过烧杯混凝试验(处理苇水河微污染原水),研究混凝效果和确定改性活化硅酸的最佳工作参数,包括PAC的投加量,改性活化硅酸的粘度、静置时间、投加量、投加时间点及保存时间,除浊率提高到95%以上,并对处理工艺进行经济性评价。为地表微污染水资源的深度处理和利用提供科学依据。     

粉末活性炭一混凝联用工艺强化去除毒死蜱试验研究

针对受毒死蜱污染的水源水,通过小试研究了粉末活性炭(PAC)-混凝联用工艺对毒死蜱的去除效果.结果表明混凝工艺对毒死蜱具有一定的去除效果,但当原水中毒死蜱浓度较高时,混凝后毒死蜱浓度高于《生活饮用水卫生标准》 (GB 5749-2006) 30 μg/L的限值,因此为使出水达标还需增加PAC吸附处理措施;针对原水中不同初始浓度的毒死蜱(超标5～50倍),调节PAC投量(10～60mg/L),吸附30 min后,再投加30mg/L聚氯化铝,经PAC-混凝联用工艺处理后出水中毒死蜱浓度小于30 μg/L,满足《生活饮用水卫生标准》要求.PAC-混凝联用工艺可以作为水源水突发毒死蜱污染时的应急处理措施.     

化学除磷药剂中三价铁铝对生物系统污泥活性影响的研究

辅助化学除磷过程中以投加铁盐和铝盐为主,但化学药剂的投加会对生物处理系统产生潜在的影响。针对Fe3+、Al3+的投加对活性污泥呼吸速率(OUR)的影响展开研究,结果表明,对活性污泥呼吸速率的影响Al3+强于Fe3+,Al3+的投加对亚硝化细菌和异养菌的呼吸速率均存在抑制作用,对硝化细菌的抑制作用不明显。当Al3+的投加量达到10-3mol/L时,会对生化单元内微生物的活性产生较为明显的抑制作用。     

水库疏浚底泥絮凝沉降室内试验研究

泥浆絮凝沉降效率是影响湖库疏浚工程进度的重要因素。为探索不同絮凝剂(有机、无机)对疏浚泥浆絮凝沉降效率的影响,以通济桥水库疏浚底泥为研究对象,通过室内试验先分析1种有机絮凝剂(PAM)和5种无机絮凝剂(PAC,FeCl₃,Na₂CO₃,Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O,KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O)单独作用下疏浚泥浆的絮凝沉降效果及上清液水质的优劣情况,然后对有机、无机絮凝剂进行优化组合试验,确定絮凝沉降效果和上清液水质最优的设计配比方案。试验结果表明:①PAM可以有效促进疏浚泥浆土颗粒的絮凝沉降,但对上清液的去浊率较低;CO₃^2-可以促进细颗粒絮凝结合成大颗粒,提高颗粒的沉降速率;Fe³⁺,Al³⁺具有改善上清液浊度的作用,但对促进泥浆絮凝沉降效果有限。②每1 000 mL疏浚泥浆中采用10 mL PAM+2 g PAC+2 g Na₂CO₃的有机-无机絮凝剂组合为最佳方案,既能快速促进疏浚泥浆的絮凝沉降,又能有效降低上清液的浊度。试验成果可为类似疏浚工程中选择絮凝剂最佳配比方案提供参考。     

Use of submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAMBR) containing powdered activated carbon (PAC) for the treatment of textile effluents

This work investigated the use of submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactors (SAMBRs) in the presence and absence of powdered activated carbon (PAC) for the treatment of genuine textile wastewater. The reactors were operated at 35 °C with an HRT of 24 h and the textile effluent was diluted (1:10) with nutrient solution containing yeast extract as the source of the redox mediation riboflavin. The results showed that although both SAMBRs exhibited an excellent performance, the presence of PAC inside SAMBR-1 enhanced reactor stability and removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), volatile fatty acids (VFA), turbidity and color. The median removal efficiencies of COD and color in SAMBR-1 were, 90 and 94% respectively; whereas for SAMBR-2 (without PAC) these values were 79 and 86%, In addition, the median values of turbidity and VFA were 8 NTU and 8 mg/L for SAMBR-1 and 14 NTU and 26 mg/L for SAMBR-2, indicating that the presence of PAC inside SAMBR-1 led to the production of an anaerobic effluent of high quality regarding such parameters.     

混凝-气浮-过滤工艺中粉末活性炭投加效果与投加点研究

对投加粉末活性炭(PAC)预处理黄河原水进行了现场中试研究,确定了PAC适宜的投加位置和投量。结果表明,PAC最佳投加点为混合池,投加PAC使气浮出水浊度提高0.4NTU左右,滤后出水浊度略有升高(<0.1NTU);在絮凝池投加会造成气浮、过滤出水浊度的明显增加;在预氧化前投加PAC较之在混合池投加其有机物去除率略有下降;在混合池投加,当PAC的投加量为10mg/L时,滤后水的CODMn去除率提高15%-20%,可取得满意的结果;滤后水的色、臭和味等指标可完全达到国家饮用水标准的要求。     

高锰酸钾复合药剂强化过滤效能研究

在对高锰酸钾复合药剂预处理工艺强化过滤去除微污染水中色度、浊度和有机物效果的生产性试验研究中发现 :高锰酸钾复合药剂预处理工艺对水中色度、浊度和有机物的去除效果理想 ,强化过滤去除效果要优于预氯化和聚合硫酸铁混凝工艺的去除效果。     

石灰软化法处理地下水源水硬度试验研究

采用石灰软化法处理某地下水源水硬度,结果表明,当石灰投加量为220mg/L,pH为8.7～8.9时,可使原水硬度和碱度分别由300mg/L和250mg/L降至115mg/L和80mg/L以下,去除率分别为61.7%和68%,沉淀和过滤对硬度去除效果影响不大;投加石灰后出水浊度明显升高,投加PAC(聚氯化铝)40mg/L,并与常规工艺联用,可使出水浊度稳定降低至0.15～0.65NTU;试验证明"石灰+PAC+常规工艺"能有效去除水中硬度和浊度,出水煮沸后不再生成沉淀和悬浮物,符合现行《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2006)和用户使用要求,石灰软化法药耗成本估算为0.246元/m3。     

Influence of type and dose of coagulants on effectiveness of PAH removal in coagulation water treatment

This study evaluated the influence of the type and dose of coagulants on the removal of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the coagulation process. The effects of coagulant type and dose in reducing water turbidity, colour, and the total content of organic compounds were also assessed. The surface water samples had the turbidity of 9.3–11.2 NTU and colour of 25–35 mg/L. The content of organic compounds determined with total organic carbon (TOC) was 9.2–12.5 mg/L. For the coagulation process, pre-hydrolyzed polyaluminium chloride (PACl) coagulants with basicity values of 41%, 65%, and 85% were used. This shows that water purification performance increased as the basicity of the coagulant increased. When the coagulant with the highest basicity and a dose of 3 mg Al per litre was used, a removal efficiency of 83% in the concentration of benzo(a)pyrene was achieved, and efficiencies for the remaining 15 PAHs ranged from 80% to 91%. These values were 4%–9% higher than those achieved using other coagulants. The removal efficiencies of turbidity, colour, and TOC were 80%, 60%, and 35%, respectively. The water purification performance, including PAH removal, was improved with the increased coagulant dose. Increasing the coagulant dose had more pronounced effects on PAH removal than on the reduction of turbidity and TOC.     

高浊水处理投药方式的选择

在常规处理条件下,对西南岷江地区突发性非多砂高浊水进行了原水特性的分析及絮凝优化试验。结果表明,采用单级絮凝、分级沉淀工艺,先投加PAC,60~120s后投加PAM,对高浊度原水有良好的去除效果。原水浊度为15000NTU时,投加200mg/LPAC、0.4~0.5mg/LPAM,静沉30min后,出水浊度为1.73~2.48NTU。     

强化混凝技术处理南淝河污染水的效果

选用聚合氯化铁(PFC)、聚合硫酸铁(PFS)、聚合氯化铝(PAC)和聚合氯化铝铁(PAFC)作为混凝剂;选用阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)、阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺(APAM)和非离子型聚丙烯酰胺(NPAM)作为助凝剂,通过室内试验对比研究强化混凝技术中多种混凝剂单用及其和助凝剂联用对南淝河污染水的除浊和去污效果,并用于南淝河现场构建的混凝沉淀系统。结果表明,4种混凝剂单用时,PAFC对浊度、TP去除效果最优,对CODMn有良好的去除效果,且不影响原水的p H值,而PFC和PFS单用时可明显降低原水p H值,4种混凝剂单用时对TN均没有明显去除效果;PAFC与CPAM联用时对浊度的去除效果最佳,明显优于PAFC与APAM和NPAM联用和PAFC单用的效果;混凝剂与CPAM联用提高了其除浊和去除TP的能力,但不能明显改善其去除CODMn的效果,对原水p H和TN的影响与单用时相同。选取"PAFC+CPAM"作为南淝河示范工程的混凝剂和助凝剂,现场混凝沉淀出水水质稳定,浊度和TP的去除效果较好,去除率分别达到90%和80%,对CODMn的去除率约为52%,而对TN的去除效果有限,去除率约为22.4%。     

高盐景观水体除磷、除藻药剂优选及复配

淡水盐碱化是全球范围内面临的一个新兴环境问题,其中城镇内人工景观水体表现尤为突出。高盐景观水体盐度大,导致植物不易生长,藻类逐渐成为优势种群,影响观感。通过絮凝法同时除磷、除藻,使景观水体恢复藻类爆发前的状态。研究11种絮凝药剂对TP、Chla(叶绿素a)的去除效率,其中PAC除磷效果很好,CPAM可以有效除藻。经过浓度梯度优选实验,优选出PAC和CPAM的最优投加浓度,并进行复配试验。复配结果为当PAC投加浓度10mg/L、CPAM投加浓度3mg/L时组合除磷、除藻效果最佳,TP平均去除率为92.52%,Chla平均去除率为98.32%。     

Removal of micropollutants in municipal wastewater treatment plants by powder-activated carbon

Micropollutants (MP) are only partly removed from municipal wastewater by nutrient removal plants and are seen increasingly as a threat to aquatic ecosystems and to the safety of drinking water resources. The addition of powder activated carbon (PAC) is a promising technology to complement municipal nutrient removal plants in order to achieve a significant reduction of MPs and ecotoxicity in receiving waters. This paper presents the salient outcomes of pilot- and full-scale applications of PAC addition in different flow schemes for micropollutant removal in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The sorption efficiency of PAC is reduced with increasing dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Adequate treatment of secondary effluent with 5-10 g DOC m(-3) requires 10-20 g PAC m(-3) of effluent. Counter-current use of PAC by recycling waste PAC from post-treatment in a contact tank with an additional clarifier to the biology tank improved the overall MP removal by 10 to 50% compared with effluent PAC application alone. A dosage of 15 g PAC m(-3) to a full-scale flocculation sand filtration system and recycling the backwash water to the biology tank showed similar MP elimination. Due to an adequate mixing regime and the addition of adapted flocculants, a good retention of the fine fraction of the PAC in the deep-bed filter were observed (1-3 g TSS m(-3); TSS: total suspended solids). With double use of PAC, only half of the PAC was required to reach MP removal efficiencies similar to the direct single dosage of PAC to the biology tank. Overall, the application of PAC in WWTPs seems to be an adequate and feasible technology for efficient MP elimination (>80%) from wastewater comparable with post ozonation.