一种DWT与DCT结合的盲音频水印算法

该文提出了一种新的盲音频水印算法。它充分利用离散小波变换的多分辨率特性和离散余弦变换的能量压缩能力,通过量化处理把降维后的二值图像水印嵌入到原始的音频信号中,在水印的提取过程中不需要原始音频信号的参与。仿真实验证明了算法的鲁棒性和不可感知性。     

FPGA图像压缩技术

Xilinx公司与加拿大安大略的Xentec公司日前联合发布了用于Virtex-E和Spartan-Ⅱ现场可编程门阵列的新产品Alliancc CORE。该技术包括正反离散余弦变换(DCT和IDCT)和一个JPEG编解码器。正反离散余弦变换技术支持Virtex,Virtex-E和Spartan-Ⅱ设备,JPEG编解码器也支持Virtex和Virtex-E设备。专为此项新技术开发的目标应用程序包括图象存储,数据和影象压缩,医学成像及工业系统。正反离散余弦变换的核心是在杜比AC2,AC3 JPEG以及MPEG压缩系统上构建的数据模块。     

DCT算法在嵌入式系统中的实现和优化

随着人机交互界面的日益复杂,嵌入式系统显示复杂图象的应用也越来越多,而未经过压缩的图象占用的存储空间很大,压缩后的图象存储空间大幅度减少,而嵌入式系统在进行图象解码时会用到占用大量计算资源的DCT算法,本文提出了一种应用于嵌入式系统的8×8离散余弦变换算法的优化及实现方法.     

信号序列的唯(傅氏变换)相位重建方法

本文进一步研究了唯相位重建信号序列的方法。提出在将图象进行变形延拓处理后,应用唯相位重建算法进行图象数据压缩的方法。并证明,对于行场可分的一阶马尔可夫图象场,唯相位重建图象的方法用于图象数据压缩的性能可以做到略优于离散傅里叶变换压缩。从而修正了已有文献给出的结论,即认为就均方误差而言,唯相位重建法用于图象数据压缩所需的比特率远高于傅里叶变换压缩的比特率的结论。而且这种算法能有快速算法。结论还表明,倒余弦变换可作为正向变换用于图象数据压缩,而且(?)一种性能良好的正交变换。     

基于DCT的雷达距离像谱分析

离散余弦变换是分析图像信号的有效工具。应用航天部二院提供的ISAR外场实测数据,做出Yak 42飞机回波的一维距离像,采用离散余弦变换分析了高分辨雷达距离像的频谱特性。并与离散傅里叶变换进行了比较和分析。用Matlab对结果进行仿真,结果表明用DCT是分析和处理雷达信号的一种有效方法。     

基于SVR的混合域鲁棒音频水印算法

对于常见的基于离散小波变换-奇异值分解的水印算法应对常见的攻击鲁棒性较差的情况,提出一种基于奇异值比(Singular Value Ratio,SVR)的混合域音频水印算法.先将音频分帧,利用音频特性选择适合水印嵌入的帧,然后对水印嵌入帧进行离散小波变换和离散余弦变换,将离散余弦变换系数分为4段,选取中频系数进行奇异值...     

一种DWT与DCT相结合的音频数字水印技术

提出了一种将离散小波变化与离散余弦变换相结合的音频数字水印技术。利用离散小波变换的多分辨率特性和离散余弦变换的能量压缩能力,通过修改变换域的低中频系数,把降维后的二值图像嵌入到原始数字音频信号中。该算法可同时应用两种变换,而且嵌入和提取水印的方法简单。实验结果表明该算法水印不易破坏,对数字音频信号的低通滤波、叠加噪声等攻击均具有很好的隐蔽性和稳健性。     

多媒体应用系统开发方法

一、多媒体应用系统开发介绍 1 多媒体技术 多媒体技术涉及领域相当广泛,进入实用阶段的技术包括: 音频技术:音频采样、压缩、合成及处理。 视频技术:视频数字化及处理。 图象压缩技术:图象压缩、动态视频压缩。 通信技术:语音、图象及视频的传输。     

雷达多普勒信号数据压缩研究

在分析了多普勒信号的特性及语音信号的区别后，采用自适应离散余弦变换算法对多普勒信号进行了压缩编码，在中等编码速率下得到了较好的压缩编码效果。文中提出了相关－自适应离散余弦变换（C－ADCT）压缩编码算法，改进算法提高了自适应离散余弦变换算法的抗噪性能。     

离散余弦变换和全息技术相融合的图像压缩感知重构

为了获得理想的图像重构效果,提出一种基于离散余弦变换和全息技术相融合的图像重构算法。首先采用离散余弦变换对图像进行分解保留少数的低频分量,从而构建压缩感知的稀疏基加快重构速度,然后采用全息技术对图像重构结果进行处理,提高图像重构效果,最后采用仿真实验测试算法的性能。实验结果表明,相对于当前经典图像重构算法,本文算法不仅提高了图像重构质量,而且加快了图像重构速度,具有较好的实际应用价值。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.