黄曲霉YZC产纤维素酶的固态发酵条件优化

为了提高黄曲霉YZC固态发酵所产纤维素酶的酶活力,采用单因素试验分别研究了碳源、氮源、氮源质量浓度、培养温度、培养时间、初始p H值、接种量对纤维素酶酶活的影响。优化后的固态发酵条件为：碳源为质量比3∶2的稻草粉与麸皮,氮源为NH4Cl,其质量浓度为10 g/L,培养温度为30℃,培养时间为7 d,初始p H值为4.0,接种量为20%。在此基础上,采用响应曲面法对影响纤维素酶活的3个因素包括氮源NH4Cl的质量浓度、培养时间、初始p H值进行优化,以期提高纤维素酶酶活。通过响应曲面分析得到滤纸酶活力与这三个因素的最优回归方程,确定滤纸酶活力最大时的最佳组合为NH4Cl质量浓度为8.5 g/L、培养时间为6.5 d、初始p H值为4.5,该条件下滤纸酶活力为10.87 IU/m L,是优化前的2.39倍,并与响应曲面拟合所得方程的预测值10.50 IU/m L符合良好。     

麸皮对里氏木霉Rut C-30产 纤维素酶的促进作用

本研究尝试通过里氏木霉Rut C-30添加适量的麸皮以及利用实验设计软件Design-Expert寻找适宜的麸皮与微晶纤维素的配比来研究麸皮对里氏木霉Rut C-30产纤维素酶的影响.结果表明,适当的麸皮添加量能够促进纤维素酶的生产;通过二元二次正交旋转组合设计,确定了微晶纤维素添加量和麸皮添加量分别为12.23和23.50 g/L的优化产酶条件.此条件下,在250 mL摇瓶中滤纸酶活达到6.383 FPIU/mL,得率系数为521.913 FPIU/g;在.5 L发酵罐中,滤纸酶活为6.80 FPIU/mL,得率系数为556.582 FPIU/g.相比于优化前,优化后摇瓶实验和发酵罐实验中滤纸酶活分别提高了14.24%和1.403%.而纤维素酶的得率系数却分别降低了6.584%和4.005%.分别以酸解杨木残渣和蒸汽爆破杨木浆替代微晶纤维素作为碳源,最终获得最高滤纸酶活1.953 FPIU/mL和1.45 FPIU/mL.     

多菌混合固态发酵产纤维素酶研究

采用多菌混合发酵可以提高纤维素酶的活力,为获得高活力的纤维素酶制剂,文中以碱处理后的甘蔗渣和麸皮作为发酵产酶培养基,采用响应面法对2株纤维素酶生产菌里氏木霉CICC40359和斜卧青霉SMX固态混合发酵条件进行了优化。结果发现在发酵温度为28℃,料水比(质量体积比)1∶2.5(g/mL)的条件下,当V(青霉)∶V(木霉)为3∶1,总接种量8%(mL/g),培养基中m(蔗渣)∶m(麸皮)为2∶1,发酵3 d时,滤纸酶活有最大值达到101.825 FPU/g,这为后续优化工作的开展提供了依据,同时高酶活下发酵液中呈现高的糖质量分数为同步产酶发酵产乙醇提供了新思路。     

黑曲霉液体发酵产木聚糖酶的研究

通过单因素实验及响应面方法对黑曲霉菌株产木聚糖酶发酵条件进行了研究,结果表明:当培养基为麸皮40g/L,(NH4)2 SO4 4g/L,KH2PO4 3g/L,MgSO4 0.8g/L,吐温80 1g/L;初始pH值5.0,接种量8.0%,培养温度30℃;此条件下发酵木聚糖酶酶活达1456.27IU/mL。     

降解秸秆的纤维素酶产生菌的筛选及产酶条件研究

从土壤、霉变的农产品和实验室保存的真菌中筛选到15株产纤维素酶的菌株,其中绿色木霉T206产酶能力最强。利用液体发酵,研究了碳源、氮源、接种量、起始pH值、培养时间等对菌株产酶的影响,以及该菌株所产纤维素酶的种类。在最适条件下菌株培养96h后,羧甲基纤维素酶活(CMCA)最高达到7654.33U,是优化前酶活的1.7倍,滤纸酶活(FPA)达到1675.12U。     

麸皮对里氏木霉Rut C-30产纤维素酶的促进作用

本研究尝试通过里氏木霉RutC-30添加适量的麸皮以及利用实验设计软件Design-Expert寻找适宜的麸皮与微晶纤维素的配比来研究麸皮对里氏木霉RutC-30产纤维素酶的影响。结果表明,适当的麸皮添加量能够促进纤维素酶的生产：通过二元二次正交旋转组合设计,确定了微晶纤维素添加量和麸皮添加量分别为12．23和23．50g/L的优化产酶条件：此奈件下,在250mL摇瓶中滤纸酶活达到6．383FPIU／mL,得率系数为521．913FPIU／g;在7．5L发酵罐中,滤纸酶活为6．807FPIU／mL,得率系数为556．582FPIU／g。相比于优化前,优化后摇瓶实验和发酵罐实验中滤纸酶活分别提高了14．247％和17．403％,而纤维素酶的得率系数却分别降低了6．584％和4．005％。分别以酸解杨木残渣和蒸汽爆破杨木浆替代微晶纤维素作为碳源,最终获得最高滤纸酶活1．953FPIU／mL和1．745FPIU／mL。     

一株产普鲁兰酶芽孢杆菌的筛选鉴定及发酵条件优化

从甘肃定西某淀粉加工厂附近土壤中分离得到一株产普鲁兰酶酶源菌AI-1,通过形态学、生理生化试验及16S rRNA序列鉴定并对其进行系统发育分析,鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens),对其发酵培养基成分和发酵条件进行了优化。优化后的发酵培养基成分为:可溶性淀粉1.5%,酵母膏1%,蛋白胨1%,NaCl0.5%,K2HPO40.1%,MgSO4·7H2O 0.05%;最佳发酵条件为:培养温度36℃,发酵培养基初始pH 7.0,接种量8%(V/V),摇床转速150 r/min,发酵周期72 h。在此优化条件下,菌株AI-1发酵所产普鲁兰酶的酶活由最初的2.45 U/m L提高到了4.52 U/m L。     

一株产普鲁兰酶芽孢杆菌的筛选鉴定及发酵条件优化

从甘肃定西某淀粉加工厂附近土壤中分离得到一株产普鲁兰酶酶源菌AI-1,通过形态学、生理生化试验及16S rRNA序列鉴定并对其进行系统发育分析,鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens),对其发酵培养基成分和发酵条件进行了优化。优化后的发酵培养基成分为:可溶性淀粉1.5%,酵母膏1%,蛋白胨1%,NaCl0.5%,K2HPO40.1%,MgSO4·7H2O 0.05%;最佳发酵条件为:培养温度36℃,发酵培养基初始pH 7.0,接种量8%(V/V),摇床转速150 r/min,发酵周期72 h。在此优化条件下,菌株AI-1发酵所产普鲁兰酶的酶活由最初的2.45 U/m L提高到了4.52 U/m L。     

不动杆菌生物合成新型羧酸酯酶的摇瓶培养条件优化

对一株产(R)-烯丙醇酮乙酸酯对映选择性水解酶的不动杆菌(Acinetobactersp.CGMCC0789)摇瓶发酵产酶条件进行了优化。培养基最佳组成为(g?L?1):蔗糖8.5,吐温-801.5,黄豆饼粉20.0,(NH4)2SO42.0,K2HPO42.0,NaCl1.0,MgSO4·7H2O0.2;优化后酯酶产量提高了8.3倍(由46增至427U?L?1)。添加吐温-80可以诱导酶的合成。摇瓶培养最佳条件为:装液量15%,发酵起始pH8.0,接种量6%,发酵温度30℃。考察了细胞生长及产酶的时间进程,最佳培养时间为30h.     

细菌产β-葡萄糖苷酶发酵优化

从栀子果中分离到一株在较高温度下产β-葡萄糖苷酶的地衣芽孢杆菌,对其产酶条件进行了优化.通过单因素实验和正交实验确定该菌株产酶的最佳培养条件为:碳源(甘蔗渣粉∶麸皮=3∶1)5%,牛肉膏 0.5%,栀子甙 0.2%,KH2PO4 0.4%,MnSO4 0.04%,pH值9.0,装液量20 mL/250 mL,种子液接种量10%,45℃发酵24 h.优化条件下发酵液中的酶活可达到93.48 U·mL-1.     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

三种煤样燃烧热的测定

本文通过三个厂家提供的三种煤样燃烧热的测定,由测定结果综合得出3号煤样燃烧最完全、燃烧热也最大,是三个煤样中最好的一种。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

小议汽车涂装工艺设计对涂装成本的影响

论述了涂装工艺设计对涂装设备投资、涂装生产成本的影响。     

Measurement of the gradient of viscosity with composition of mixtures of non-ideal gases

A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%.     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

塔设备改造选型的分析

就当前扩产增容中塔设备设计和改造时板式塔和填料塔的选型问题加以分析。在评述目前国内常用的几种塔板和新型填料之后，着重介绍一种新型塔板（导向梯形浮阀塔板）和一种新型填料（波环填料——乾隆帕克）。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitin on the properties of chitin crystallites

In the present article, chitin from crab shell was systematically deacetylated using a NaOH treatment with control of the reaction time. The degree of deacetylation, monitored using solid-state NMR, revealed that the reaction was pseudo-first order. Based on this, swollen and NaOH-saturated particles are proposed as the reaction system. The weight loss of the partially saponified and neutralized samples after HCl hydrolysis increased linearly with the degree of deacetylation. The crystallinity of the samples was found to increase after acid hydrolysis. According to conductimetric titration, the surface charge density of the crystallites, after acid hydrolysis, was found to increase with base treatment time. The effect of surface charge on the formation of a chiral nematic phase, due to the rodlike nature of the crystallites, was explored. These results show that because the contribution of charged particles to the ionic strength was significant the double layer compression was affected, especially since the surface charge density was close to the Manning limit. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65:373–380, 1997