Ni/ZrO_2-SiO_2催化剂催化乙酰丙酸加氢合成γ-戊内酯

分别以ZrO_2、SiO_2及ZrO_2-SiO_2复合氧化物为载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备了Ni含量为10%(质量分数)的催化剂,考察了其催化乙酰丙酸液相加氢性能。采用N2-物理吸附、NH3-TPD、H2-TPR、XRD、TEM等表征手段对催化剂进行了表征。研究结果表明,在所制备的催化剂上,乙酰丙酸先经C=O加氢生成4-羟基戊酸,后者快速脱水酯化为γ-戊内酯。Ni/ZrO_2-SiO_2催化剂较Ni/ZrO_2与Ni/SiO_2催化剂具有高的金属分散度和丰富的表面酸性中心,表现出高的C=O加氢活性以及优异的乙酰丙酸加氢合成γ-戊内酯性能。在反应温度为200℃,氢气压力4 MPa的反应条件下,乙酰丙酸的转化率达到100%,γ-戊内酯的选择性大于99.9%。     

载体制备方法对Ni/ZrO_2催化剂顺酐液相加氢性能的影响

分别以水和甲醇为溶剂制备晶粒尺寸基本一致的四方相ZrO_2,通过浸渍法制备Ni质量分数10%的Ni/ZrO_2-W(水为溶剂)与Ni/ZrO_2-M(甲醇为溶剂)催化剂,考察其催化顺酐液相加氢性能。采用BET、XRD、H_2-TPR、H_2-TPD和in situ FT-IR对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,以甲醇为溶剂制备的ZrO_2比表面积明显小于以水为溶剂制备的ZrO_2,但Ni/ZrO_2-M催化剂存在强的金属-载体相互作用,其活性金属分散度以及C=O加氢活性明显高于Ni/ZrO_2-W催化剂。在反应温度210℃和氢压5 MPa条件下反应3 h,Ni/ZrO_2-M催化剂上顺酐转化率几乎100%,γ-丁内酯选择性为22.8%,Ni/ZrO_2-W催化剂上γ-丁内酯选择性仅为2.5%。     

Ni/ZrO2-SiO2催化剂催化乙酰丙酸加氢合成γ-戊内酯

分别以ZrO₂、SiO₂及ZrO₂-SiO₂复合氧化物为载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备了Ni含量为10%（质量分数）的催化剂,考察了其催化乙酰丙酸液相加氢性能。采用N₂-物理吸附、NH₃-TPD、H₂-TPR、XRD、TEM等表征手段对催化剂进行了表征。研究结果表明,在所制备的催化剂上,乙酰丙酸先经C=O加氢生成4-羟基戊酸,后者快速脱水酯化为γ-戊内酯。Ni/ZrO₂-SiO₂催化剂较Ni/ZrO₂与Ni/SiO₂催化剂具有高的金属分散度和丰富的表面酸性中心,表现出高的C=O加氢活性以及优异的乙酰丙酸加氢合成γ-戊内酯性能。在反应温度为200℃,氢气压力4 MPa的反应条件下,乙酰丙酸的转化率达到100%,γ-戊内酯的选择性大于99.9%。     

Co/γ-Al2O3催化乙酰丙酸加氢合成γ-戊内酯的研究

采用等体积浸渍法制备一系列Co负载量不同的Co/Al₂O₃催化剂,用于乙酰丙酸液相催化加氢制γ-戊内酯反应。采用X射线衍射仪和透射电镜对Co/Al₂O₃催化剂进行表征,考察Co负载量、反应温度、反应压力和催化剂用量等对乙酰丙酸液相催化加氢反应的影响。结果表明,在Co负载质量分数15%、反应温度140 ℃、反应压力4.0 MPa和催化剂用量为反应物总质量的20%条件下,以甲醇为溶剂,反应6 h,乙酰丙酸转化率100%,γ-戊内酯选择性80.4%。催化剂重复使用6次仍具有较好的催化性能。     

络合浸渍法制备Ni/ZrO_2催化剂及其催化顺酐液相加氢性能

分别以柠檬酸、乙二胺、乙酰丙酮以及乙二胺四乙酸二钠为络合剂,采用络合浸渍法制备Ni质量分数为10%的Ni/ZrO_2催化剂,考察催化顺酐液相加氢性能,并利用XRD、H2-TPR、H2-TPD等对其进行表征。结果表明,各络合剂对催化剂中金属-载体相互作用、活性金属分散度以及C=O加氢活性的影响均不相同。引入乙酰丙酮的Ni/ZrO_2-AC催化剂具有最高的活性金属分散度和C=O加氢活性,表现出最高的γ-丁内酯选择性,该催化剂在反应温度210℃、氢压5 MPa条件下反应3 h,顺酐转化率约100%,γ-丁内酯选择性47.0%。     

Cu/Al_2O_3-ZrO_2催化乙酰丙酸加氢生成γ-戊内酯反应性能

采用共沉淀法制备了Cu/Al_2O_3-ZrO_2催化剂,考察了其催化乙酰丙酸选择性加氢生成γ-戊内酯性能,并用透射电子显微镜、X射线粉末衍射对催化剂的结构进行了表征。结果表明,当Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+ZrO_2)=0. 05(质量比)时,Cu/Al_2O_3-ZrO_2催化乙酰丙酸加氢制γ-戊内酯具有较好的性能,在200℃、3. 0 MPa氢气条件下反应120 min,乙酰丙酸100%转化为γ-戊内酯。     

Cu/Al_2O_3-ZrO_2催化乙酰丙酸加氢生成γ-戊内酯反应性能

采用共沉淀法制备了Cu/Al_2O_3-ZrO_2催化剂,考察了其催化乙酰丙酸选择性加氢生成γ-戊内酯性能,并用透射电子显微镜、X射线粉末衍射对催化剂的结构进行了表征。结果表明,当Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+ZrO_2)=0. 05(质量比)时,Cu/Al_2O_3-ZrO_2催化乙酰丙酸加氢制γ-戊内酯具有较好的性能,在200℃、3. 0 MPa氢气条件下反应120 min,乙酰丙酸100%转化为γ-戊内酯。     

甲醇热制备四方相ZrO_2及其负载镍催化剂的顺酐加氢性能

通过改变甲醇热时间制备了一系列不同晶粒尺寸的四方相ZrO_2,采用过体积浸渍法制备了Ni含量(质量分数)为10%的Ni/ZrO_2催化剂,并考察了其催化顺酐液相加氢性能。采用氮气吸附-脱附(BET)、X射线衍射(XRD)、氢气程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、原位红外光谱(in situ FTIR)等手段对催化剂进行了表征。研究结果表明,分散性好、晶粒尺寸小的Ni物种有利于C=C键加氢生成丁二酸酐;而金属-载体强相互作用的形成则有利于C=O加氢生成γ-丁内酯。当甲醇热时间为2 h时,制备的Ni/ZrO_2催化剂的C=O加氢活性最高,在反应温度为210℃,反应压力为5 MPa,反应时间为3 h时,其顺酐转化率达100%,γ-丁内酯选择性为44.7%。     

单斜相与四方相混合晶相组成ZrO2负载镍催化剂催化顺酐选择性加氢

通过调控水热法制备条件制备同为单斜相和四方相混合晶相组成、但织构性质和表面结构性质不同的两种ZrO_2载体,采用浸渍法制备镍质量分数为10%的Ni/ZrO_2催化剂,考察不同反应温度[(150～240)℃]和氢气压力[(3～7)MPa]条件下两种ZrO_2载体负载镍催化剂的顺酐加氢性能。采用XRD、H_2-TPR、H_2-TPD和拉曼光谱等对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,与镍物种发生较强相互作用的ZrO_2负载镍催化剂具有较高的■键加氢活性与选择性,几乎没有■加氢活性,在所考察的反应温度和反应压力范围,催化剂上丁二酸酐选择性均高于95.1%,γ-丁内酯选择性均低于4.9%。与之不同,与镍物种发生较弱相互作用的ZrO_2负载镍催化剂具有较弱的■键加氢活性,然而,该催化剂表现出一定的■加氢活性,并且其■加氢活性随反应温度或反应压力的提高而显著提高。在反应温度240℃、氢气压力5 MPa条件下,γ-丁内酯选择性高达60.6%。推测晶相组成相似的两种ZrO_2载体负载镍催化剂明显的■加氢性能差异与其表面结构性质不同有关。     

复合氧化物负载杂多酸催化剂上乙酰丙酸加氢性能

采用浸渍法制备了铜锌铁复合氧化物负载硅钨酸催化剂,用XRD,BET以及SEM等手段表征了催化剂的物化性质,并考察了催化剂催化乙酰丙酸(LA)加氢的性能。结果表明,硅钨酸的加入可以明显提升催化剂在LA加氢反应中的活性。其中以Cu Zn Fe-30SiW为催化剂,水为溶剂,在反应温度180℃,反应时间6 h,初始氢气压力4 MPa的条件下,LA的转化率超过95%,γ-戊内酯的收率达到85%以上。     

固体超强酸催化剂S2O82-/ZrO2-TiO2-Al2O3制备乙酰丙酸

研制了固体超强酸催化剂S2O82―/ZrO2-TiO2-Al2O3,并以蔗糖为原料,催化水解法制备乙酰丙酸。通过单变量法考察了催化剂的焙烧温度、催化剂的投加量、蔗糖浓度、反应温度、反应时间等对乙酰丙酸相对收率的影响,并采用了正交实验来确定最佳工艺条件。研究结果表明,当催化剂的焙烧温度为550℃、蔗糖浓度为15 g/L、催化剂用量为蔗糖质量的15%、反应温度为200℃、反应时间为60 min时,乙酰丙酸的相对收率最大,达到72.28%。     

制备方法对Ni-Al_2O_3催化剂乙酰丙酸加氢性能的影响

分别采用浸渍法、沉积-沉淀法和共沉淀法制备了Ni-Al_2O_3催化剂,采用H2-TPR/TPD、XRD、NH3-TPD等对催化剂进行表征,并研究其催化乙酰丙酸加氢性能。结果表明,共沉淀法制备的催化剂中存在强的金属-载体相互作用、活性金属分散度高以及丰富的酸性中心。该催化剂表现出优异的催化乙酰丙酸加氢合成%-戊内酯性能以及高的使用稳定性。在160℃和4 MPa氢气压力反应条件下,乙酰丙酸转化率与%-戊内酯选择性可分别达85.0%和78.0%,催化剂循环使用3次时活性仍基本保持恒定。     

Ni-Na/Zr02-Mn02-Zn0催化合成甲基异丙基酮和二乙基酮（英文）

ZrO2-MnO2-ZnO supports were prepared by the co-precipitation method,and then Ni-Na/ZrO2-MnO2-ZnO catalysts were prepared by the impregnation method.In this paper,the reactions to synthesize methyl isopropyl ketone and diethyl ketone by the one-step synthesis method over this catalyst were studied,and meanwhile,the impact of the catalyst preparation conditions and the reaction conditions on catalyst performance was also investigated.It was observed that under the conditions when Ni loading was 25%,calcination temperature was 400℃ and reduction temperature was 410℃,this catalyst had good catalytic performance on the reaction.The suitable reaction conditions were achieved:reaction temperature was 400℃;reaction at atmospheric pressure;liquid hourly space velocity of raw material of 0.5 h 1 ;and the molar ratio of(methanol)/(methyl ethyl ketone)/(water) was equal to 1/1/1.Under such conditions,the conversion of methyl ethyl ketone could achieve 41.7%,and the overall selectivity of methyl isopropyl ketone and diethyl ketone could achieve 83.3%,which was comparable to the conversion of 38.1% and the selectivity of 82.2% achieved by using palladium as the active material.The good stability made this catalyst have good prospects for industrial application.     

固体超强酸Ni/SO_4~(2-)-SnO_2催化α-蒎烯水合反应的研究

引入镍离子制备出新型固体超强酸Ni/SO42--SnO2,以该固体酸催化α-蒎烯水合反应制备α-松油醇,考察影响水合反应的因素,得到水合反应最适宜的条件为:n(α-蒎烯)∶n(一氯乙酸)∶n(H2O)=1∶1∶2,反应温度70°C,反应时间10h,催化剂用量为α-蒎烯质量的6%。在该反应条件下,α-蒎烯转化率为100%,α-松油醇选择性为73.3%;与未添加Ni的固体超强酸SO24-/SnO2相比表明,Ni的引入能明显提高催化剂在水合反应中的活性和选择性。     

Size-controlled synthesis of spinel nickel ferrite nanorods by thermal decomposition of a bimetallic Fe/Ni-MOF

In this work, size-controlled synthesis of nickel ferrite nanoparticles was achieved by the calcination of a bimetallic (Fe/Ni) metal-organic framework (MOF). The bimetallic MOF (Fe₂Ni-MIL-88B) itself was prepared by a two-step route. The first step involved synthesis of the secondary building unit (SBU) by reacting stoichiometric amounts of Ni and Fe precursors with acetic acid. A ligand substitution reaction (terephthalate replaces acetate) in the SBU leads to the formation of the MOF, which was characterized by PXRD, FTIR, SEM and TEM. Afterwards, the MOF was calcined under air atmosphere to obtain nickel ferrite nanorods. PXRD analysis confirmed the spinel structure of the nickel ferrites while electron microscopic analysis (SEM, TEM) revealed their nanorod-like morphology. By increasing the calcination temperature from 600 to 1000 °C, particle size increased from 16 to 32 nm. Oxidation of benzyl alcohol was used as a model test reaction to probe the applicability of spinel nickel ferrite nanorods for catalysis. Interestingly, the largest nanorods exhibited the highest activity (86% conversion), thus demonstrating the potential of spinel ferrites in catalyzing oxidation reactions.     

载体对镍催化剂催化间二硝基苯加氢制间苯二胺反应性能的影响

The hydrogenation of m-dinitrobenzene to m-phenylenediamine in liquid phase was studied with the nickel catalysts supported on SiO2, TiO2, γ-Al2O3, MgO and diatomite carders. Based on the experiments of X-ray diffraction （XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, temperature-programmed reduction （TPR）, temperature-programmed desorption of hydrogen （H2-TPD） and activity evaluation, the physico-chemical and catalytic properties of the catalysts were investigated. Among the catalysts tested, the SiO2 supported nickel catalyst showed the highest activity and selectivity towards m-phenylenediamine, over which 97.3% m-dinitrobenzene conversion and 95.1% m-phenylenediamine yield were obtained at 373K under hydrogen pressure of 2.6MPa after reaction for 6 h when using ethanol as solvent. Although TiO2 and diatomite supported nickel catalysts also presented high activity, they had lower selectivity towards m-phenylenediamine. As for γ-Al2O3 and MgO supported catalysts were almost inactive for the object reaction. It was shown that both the activity and selectivity of the catalysts were strongly depended on the interaction between nickel and the support. The higher activities of Ni/SiO2, Ni/TiO2 and Ni/diatomite could be attributed to the weaker metal-support interaction, on which Ni species presented as crystallized Ni metal particles. On the other hand, there existed strong metal-support interaction in Ni/MgO and Ni γ-Al2O3, which causes these catalysts more difficult to be reduced and the availability of Ni active sites decreased, resulting in their low catalytic activity.     

固体超强酸催化剂S2O82-/聚乙二醇-TiO2-M2O3(M=Al,Cr)制备乙酰丙酸

研制了固体超强酸催化剂S₂O₈^2-/聚乙二醇-TiO₂-M₂O₃(M=Al,Cr), 并以赤砂糖为原料,催化水解法制备乙酰丙酸。通过单变量法考察了催化剂焙烧时间、催化剂用量、赤砂糖浓度、反应温度和反应时间等对乙酰丙酸收率的影响,并通过正交实验确定最佳工艺条件。结果表明,在催化剂焙烧时间120 min、赤砂糖浓度为10 g·L^-1、催化剂用量为赤砂糖质量的15%、反应温度200 ℃和反应时间120 min条件下,乙酰丙酸收率达39.98%。     

纳米ZrO2负载Pd-Ni催化剂催化氯苯加氢脱氯性能研究

采用负载法制备了一系列纳米ZrO₂负载金属Ni、Pd催化剂，通过XRD、TEM和SEM等技术对催化剂进行了表征，并以氯苯的加氢脱氯为探针反应，考察了催化剂的加氢脱氯性能和反应温度、碱的用量、催化剂镍的含量等因素对催化活性的影响。结果发现，在80 ℃、NaOH和氯苯物质的量的比为1的反应条件下，Ni质量分数为10%和Pd为0.05%的Pd-Ni/ZrO₂催化剂效果最佳，反应9 h后氯苯的转化率可达到100%。