催化环氧乙烷氢甲酯化的催化体系研究

以Co2(CO)8为催化剂,甲醇为溶剂,在一定CO压力下,催化环氧乙烷氢甲酯化合成3-羟基丙酸甲酯。考察了不同配体、催化剂/配体的摩尔比、温度、CO压力、甲醇用量对环氧乙烷氢甲酯化反应的影响。得到较佳合成工艺条件为:咪唑为配体、n(催化剂)∶n(配体)=1∶1.5、反应温度75℃、反应压力6.0 MPa、V(甲醇)∶V(环氧乙烷)=5∶1。在该优化条件下,环氧乙烷转化率为92.24%,3-羟基丙酸甲酯收率达84.35%。     

钴基催化剂催化环氧乙烷氢甲酯化的研究

以可溶性钴盐和锌粉为钴基催化体系的前驱体,原位合成了羰基钴催化剂,并且研究该催化剂体系对环氧乙烷氢甲酯化反应制备3-羟基丙酸甲酯的催化性能;实验结果表明,选用醋酸钴作为前驱体,环氧乙烷的转化率为80.52%,3-羟基丙酸甲酯的选择性达到83.00%。     

环氧乙烷羰基合成1,3-丙二醇催化体系的研究

对环氧乙烷羰基合成1,3 丙二醇的催化体系进行了初步研究。针对一步法和二步法的技术路线,考察了不同催化条件对反应结果的影响,如主催化剂、膦配体、促进剂、活化剂和溶剂等。结果表明:Co/PR3催化剂体系适用于合成反应,适宜的促进剂有利于环氧乙烷羰基化制1,3 丙二醇,一步法优于二步法。     

负载AlCl_3催化剂合成挂式-三环[5.2.1.0~(2,6)]癸烷

采用液固反应法合成了负载AlCl3催化剂,用于催化桥式四氢双环戊二烯异构化合成挂式四氢双环戊二烯的反应。通过考察载体、负载量对催化剂活性的影响,选定SiO2作载体、负载量为60%的催化剂用于该反应;研究了负载催化剂用量、溶剂种类及反应时间对异构化反应的影响,得到了最佳反应条件:以挂式四氢双环戊二烯作溶剂,催化剂质量分数14%,反应时间2 h。在此条件下桥式四氢双环戊二烯的转化率为99%,挂式四氢双环戊二烯的选择性为97.9%。该过程反应后处理简单,环境友好。     

钯催化脱羧偶联环化反应合成2-取代吡唑并[1,5-a]吡啶类化合物

在Pd Cl2/PPh3催化条件下,N-氨基吡啶盐和取代丙炔酸反应,合成了6个2-取代吡唑并[1,5-a]吡啶类化合物。考察了不同催化剂、配体、溶剂和碱等因素对反应的影响,获得优化反应条件:Pd Cl2/PPh3作催化体系,碳酸钾作碱,二氯甲烷为溶剂,80℃下反应24 h,收率为59%~77%。     

Grubbs催化剂催化油酸甲酯与乙烯复分解反应

以生物质油酸甲酯(MO)作原料,与乙烯进行交叉复分解反应,可同时制备1-癸烯和9-癸烯酸甲酯。首先评估了3种常用的烯烃复分解催化剂对体系的影响,筛选出了Grubbs I代催化剂为最佳催化剂,以MO的转化率和1-癸烯、 9-癸烯酸甲酯的产率以及选择性为评价指标对Grubbs I代催化剂的工艺条件进行探索,结果显示：溶剂为甲苯,MO浓度0.1 mol/L,温度40℃、乙烯压力0.2 MPa,反应时间2 h,催化剂用量为MO的1%(摩尔分数)时,得到MO转化率为97.4%,1-癸烯的产率和选择性分别为97.4%和100%,9-癸烯酸甲酯的产率和选择性分别为76.4%和78.4%。Grubbs II作催化剂的较佳工艺条件为溶剂为甲苯,MO浓度0.1 mol/L,乙烯压力0.5 MPa,温度40℃,反应时间1 h,催化剂用量为MO的0.5%,该条件下1-癸烯产率达到76.4%,9-癸烯酸甲酯产率达80.1%,MO转化率为92.7%。     

苯并咪唑盐催化的水相安息香缩合反应

合成了几种不同链长的烷基N-甲基苯并咪唑溴盐，以水为溶剂，催化苯甲醛进行安息香缩合，效果良好。研究了催化剂结构、碱的类型、催化剂用量、反应时间和反应温度等因素对反应的影响，获得了最优条件。实验结果表明，2 mmol苯甲醛在2 mL水中，0.05 mmol (摩尔分数为2.5%)1-甲基3-丁基苯并咪唑盐和1 mL质量分数为1.6%NaOH水溶液催化下，于40℃下反应4 h,收率可达84%。该方法的显著优点为反应条件温和、后处理简单，以环境友好的水作为溶剂，催化剂易得且可多次循环利用。     

环氧油酸甲酯合成工艺的研究

研究了以Keggin型磷钨酸季铵盐作催化剂,二氯乙烷作溶剂,30%过氧化氢存在下油酸甲酯的环氧化反应,考察了不同碳链的磷钨酸季铵盐对油酸甲酯环氧化的催化效果。结果表明,磷钨酸-D1821(磷钨酸双十八烷基季铵盐)的催化效果最好。以磷钨酸-D1821作催化剂,油酸甲酯环氧化反应的最佳反应条件为:m(30%过氧化氢)∶m(油酸甲酯)=1.5∶1,m(二氯乙烷)∶m(油酸甲酯)=3∶1,m(催化剂)∶m(油酸甲酯)=0.025∶1,反应温度50℃。在此条件下,得到的产品的碘价为2.64 g I2/100 g,环氧值为3.91 g/100 g,酸值为0.41 mg KOH/g,达到了一等品的要求。     

催化氧化环己酮/环己醇清洁合成己二酸

以质量分数为 30 %的过氧化氢为氧化剂 ,Na2 WO4·2H2 O为催化剂 ,在酸性配体存在的条件下催化氧化环己酮 /环己醇清洁合成己二酸。反应在无溶剂、无相转移剂条件下进行 ,考察了各种不同配体及配体用量等对反应的影响。采用磺基水杨酸为配体 ,与Na2 WO4·2H2 O的摩尔比为 1∶2时 ,催化氧化环己酮和环己醇的己二酸的分离产率分别为 82 .1%和 6 8.6 %。并进一步考察了该催化体系对环己酮和环己醇混合物的催化性能。     

过氧磷钼钨酸盐高效催化3-蒈烯氧化合成3,4-环氧蒈烷

以过氧磷钼钨酸十六烷基吡啶盐Cat-PMo2W2O24为催化剂,质量分数为30%的H2O2为氧化剂,催化3-蒈烯选择性环氧化合成3,4-环氧蒈烷。考察了溶剂种类、反应温度、催化剂用量、H2O2用量及反应时间对底物转化率与环氧选择性的影响,确定了最佳反应条件为:3-蒈烯12 mmol,溶剂三氯甲烷5 m L,催化剂用量为2.45%(即其质量与3-蒈烯质量的百分数,下同),H2O2与3-蒈烯摩尔比值为1.1,反应温度35℃,反应时间6 h;在最佳条件下,3-蒈烯的转化率和3,4-环氧蒈烷的选择性分别为99.1%和94.8%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。