高职教育课程体系改革的探讨

高等职业院校课程改革必须树立以就业为导向,以能力为核心的“能力本位”思想,面向社会经济发展需要,主动调整与拓展学校课程,围绕培养目标整合专业基础课和专业课,构建新型高职教学模式,按照21世纪知识经济对人才知识结构、能力结构的要求,培养社会所需要的应用型人才。     

在崩溃家庭中自我救赎——谈柳美里《家梦已远》中的人物和主题

《家梦已远》是柳美里的一部反映家庭崩溃主题的小说。主人公＂我＂面对＂改邪归正＂的父亲的＂热情＂,期望能借着留住新屋之际来追想失落的家庭,却在理想与现实中飘忽不定。小说通过描写母亲、妹妹、＂我＂、父亲对新居的对立看法及行为,揭示了崩溃家庭的不可挽回。作者用几乎不带感情色彩的客观叙述,突出了主人公对＂家梦已远＂的无奈,并由此体现柳美里作品的＂个人化＂特点和＂家庭＂主题。     

塔特·休斯诗歌中的情结解读

本文探讨了20世纪英国著名诗人塔特.休斯诗歌中的个人情结。文章从诗歌中时常出现的自然情结、暴力战争情结、动物情结和反传统情结等入手,挖掘休斯诗歌中潜意识压抑下的个人经历的影子和情结释放。     

Reared in adversity: institutional care of children in the 18th century

The earliest public pediatric care of the 18th century in this country took the form of "outdoor relief." Institutional care followed, first almshouses were built; then orphanages, hospitals, and dispensaries. Almshouses not only included workhouses but provided comprehensive medical services. Throughout the 18th century, people often referred to the almshouses as hospitals. As general hospitals, they rendered a variety of pediatric services to sick children, including the idiotic and hopelessly crippled, and the newborns delivered in the maternity wards; and they tendered services for well children, such as foundlings, abandoned children, and the children of destitute parents, placing infants in foster homes and indenturing older children for training in various trades and crafts. The voluntary hospitals, on the other hand, were for the "worthy" poor and limited their services to the insane and the curable sick. There were only two opened during the 18th century-the Pennsylvania Hospital in 1752 and the New York Hospital in 1791. The former excluded young children during the 18th century. Orphanages preceded the voluntary hospitals in point of time, offering many pediatric services to children, well and sick. Finally, at the end of the century, the independent dispensaries appeared, the first in Philadelphia in 1786. By the middle of this 20th century, practically all of them had been absorbed by hospitals. In these institutions, pediatric knowledge advanced and medical manpower developed even during the 18th century. By the end of that century, social movements began from which evolved the 19th-century concern for the welfare of children.     

本雅明眼中机械复制时代的文艺审美特征

20世纪初是继19世纪资本主义高速发展后西方文艺从古典向现代递变的时期，此期的文艺作品生产者、文艺作品以及文艺作品接受者较前代有了极大的转变。本雅明目睹了这种变化，并对各种文艺现象进行研究，提出了此期文艺审美的特征。     

Wind Loads for 19th Century Bridges: Design Evolution, Historic Failures, and Modern Preservation

This paper presents an historical survey of the basis for design wind pressure used by 19th and early 20th century engineers. Events significant to the development of current wind design standards for pedestrian bridges are explored. These include 19th century treatments of wind load, a review of bridge disasters that spurred new thinking, and historical developments of today’s standards.     

Nephrology from the middle ages to humanism: the Italian influence in Spain (12th-16th centuries)

The influence of medieval Italian medicine first reached Catalonia via Montpellier. Physicians from Salerno are known to have worked in Aragon, and many Italian medical and surgical texts circulated in Catalonia. By the end of the 15th century it was Valencia that maintained close ties with Italy, and in the 1st third of the 16th century, at the height of Renaissance humanism, the Castilian universities became the greatest Spanish patrons of medicine. Post-Vesalian anatomists were active and many Castilian doctors were educated in Italy. In both medieval and Renaissance Spain the most commonly described renal pathology was lithiasis. The works of Joanes Jacobi (14th century) and Julian Guttierez (15th century) are outstanding, and foreshadow the monograph on lithiasis by Sanchez de Oropesa (16th century) and the work of Francisco Diaz, probably the greatest Spanish contributor to modern nephrology. He devoted 3 books of his collected professional experience to lithiasis, renal ulcers and sores, kidney inflammation and other processes including haematuria. His view of renal anatomy was totally modern, and he strongly advocated autopsy as a means of determining the cause of death. This underlines the new anatomopathological approach to investigation that was adopted in Renaissance Spain.     

Seasonal variations in the birth rate and conception rate within the last 200 years (author's transl)

The monthly variations and the mean daily conception rates of 136,828 deliveries from 1803 to 1970 within the same population area are reviewed. It was found that the conception rate during the first half of the 19th century showed a rapid increase from its low during the winter to its maximum in May and that this pattern became much less pronounced in the 20th century. During the second half of the 20th century, the highest conception rate shifted for the first time to the summer and the third quarter of the year. In contradistinction to this development, the low of the conception rate during the winter from January to March is much less pronounced during the first half of the 20th Century and remains constant with the lowest conception rate in February into the second half of the 20th century. The importance of the influence of nature during the spring and winter and of the working and living patterns as well as the influence of family planning and recreational activities on the intensity of procreation in the human within the last 200 years is discussed.     

Changing patterns of mortality seasonality among the western James Bay Cree

Anglican Church of Canada burial records from 1851-1964 for the Moose Factory First Nation are analysed for mortality seasonality. The 113-year study period is subdivided into three death cohorts (1851-1906, 1914-1945 and 1946-1964) that broadly reflect the late 19th century, early 20th century, and the post-WWII periods, respectively. The data are partitioned into three age groups: infants (< 1), children (1-14), and adults (15+) to determine whether the hazards of death by season varied by age. The results show a clear and statistically significant pattern of seasonal mortality in the 19th century cohort for all three age groups, with a marked peak in mortality in the summer and a smaller peak in winter deaths (chi 2 = 84.82, df = 11, p < 0.001). By the early 20th century, the seasonal pattern disappears and the risks of death are consistent throughout the annual cycle (chi 2 = 16.5, df = 11, p = 0.124). It is argued that changes in the social and economic fabric of life, associated with the decline of the fur-trade, stimulated an epidemiologic transition among the Moose Factory Cree by the early 20th century, well in advance of WWII, the event normally used to mark both the onset of the phenomenon and improved health care delivery to the region.     

Secular changes in the growth of Toronto children during the last century

A comparison of measurements of height is made from the late 19th century to early and mid-20th century in Toronto School children. Changes in total attained stature for age is compared for girls and boys to assess secular trends in height of urban children from Southern Ontario. The data clearly show a positive trend toward increased attained height for age from the earliest to most recent data. Comparison of the Toronto growth profiles to other published 18th and 19th century growth data demonstrates that the secular trend in the Canadian children is a reflection of the continued global trend towards increased height. The implications of this changing pattern over time are discussed in the context of changing urban health and nutrition in the greater Toronto area.     

Some early measurements and ratings in psychology.

Major discussion headings are statistics, vision, memory, attention, thought, probability, and esthetics. "Quantitative data concerning vision may be found as early as the literature of the 18th century… .All early measurements of memory were concerned with cases of extraordinary memory.… In the very middle of the 18th century, a little work appeared which apparently represents the 1st attempt to measure the 'velocity of thought.'… The 1st reliably known psychological measurements and ratings made in the interests of science do not go back further than the beginning of the 18th century." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Myrtle B. McGraw (1899–1988).

Myrtle Byram McGraw "...was born in the 19th century, lived in the 20th century, and thought in the 21st century." She was a woman who treated the infants and young children she worked with the same as she would her friends. She came to know her subjects well, and maintained enduring and intense relationships with some. She could become compassionately involved in the struggles of families and the problems of children growing up. Myrtle knew a great deal about transitional struggles, her work with babies serving often as her metaphor of what life, learning, and development are all about. McGraw passed away on McGraw September 8, 1988, in her 89th year. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Children in perspective: Introduction to the section.

Traces the history of developmental psychology in the US to the beginnings of child welfare groups and institutions for children in the 19th century. The reflective, action-oriented documents of this period led to knowledge-oriented writings about children and to a faint form of methodology for studying them. G. Stanley Hall and many of his contemporaries advocated an evolutionistic view of child development in their writings of the late 19th century. In the 20th century, the child study movement gave way to developmental psychology in the 1950s. While developmental psychology does not necessarily follow classical psychological conceptions of science in its methods of inquiry, it has been reasonably successful. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Books briefly noted.

Provides short reviews of 6 books on topics that include 19th century influences on psychology, intelligence of emotions, Jerome Bruner’s contributions to psychology, truth, the development of ideas in 19th century America, and evolutionary psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Funtionalism, Darwinism, and the psychology of women.

Examines the psychology of women as it was studied from the middle of the 19th century to the 1st 3rd of the 20th century. During that period 3 topics received the most attention: sex differences in brain size and complexity and their implications for cognitive and affective behavior; the hypothesis of greater male variability (a corollary of evolutionary theory) and its social implications; and the expression of maternal instinct. Each topic is examined in relation to evolutionary theory and its influence on the conduct of 19th century science. The antecedents of each topic are traced as is the subsequent redefinition of each within the paradigm of behaviorism. It is proposed that each of these topics functioned as "scientific myth" which justified and explained contemporary cultural values. (71 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

我在重庆“入乡随俗”

在中国，有一句经典的成语叫“入乡随俗”。这是我在重庆大学读研究生上中文课时学到的第一句成语，我想教科书把这个成语放在第一页一定是有它的原因。外国人到了中国，文化的差异如同雨点一样，让他们很不适应，但他们又不得不接受。     

Comparison of bone lead in pre-Hispanic, 18th century and modern population of Tenerife

The present study has been performed in order to determine concentrations of lead in the bone of 14 individuals who were interred towards the beginning of the 18th century at the church 'La Concepción' (Santa Cruz de Tenerife) of 15 Pre-Hispanic individuals of Tenerife and a modern sample for Tenerife, composed of 25 individuals. We have observed higher bone lead values in the modern population than in the ancient one (P = 0.0022), although Pre-Hispanic individuals and those of the 18th century showed similar bone lead values.     

利用负载优化实现中板轧制翘头控制

本文介绍了中板轧机在轧制过程中"雪橇"形成和负荷平衡的实施方法。并对中板轧机在轧制过程中出现的翘头过大和翘头不好控制的问题,提出了解决方法。     

中国钢铁工业运行情况和发展前景

主要介绍了2011年以来我国钢铁工业运行情况和存在的问题,提出了行业应对困境的措施,并对“十二五”期间我国钢铁行业的发展前景进行了展望。