The tribological characteristics of JS material under lubrication of oil

A material composed of a steel backing, a sintered porous bronze middle layer and a layer of reinforced PTFE, which is named JS material, was prepared. The friction, wear and limiting PV values of this material under dry friction as well as the lubrication of number 20 mechanical oil were studied using a MPV-1500 friction tester. The worn surface of JS material and the transfer film formed on the counterface of carbon steel were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The results show that the friction, wear and limiting PV values of JS material can be greatly improved with the lubrication of oil. The results of SEM and EPMA analyses indicate that, under dry friction conditions, the solid lubricant PTFE and Pb easily transfer to the steel counterface and results in the reduction of friction and wear; while under the lubrication of oil, little transference of PTFE and Pb to the steel surface occurs and very small friction and wear are achieved. Analyses of frictional surfaces also suggest that the Pb filler gets enrichment on the rubbing surfaces, which is beneficial in increasing the adhesion of the transfer film with the steel surface.     

Friction and wear characteristics of lead and its compounds filled polytetrafluoroethylene composites under oil lubricated conditions

The friction and wear properties of Pb, PbO, Pb₃O₄, or PbS filled polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites sliding against GCr15 bearing steel under both dry and liquid paraffin lubricated conditions were studied by using an MHK-500 ring-block wear tester. The worn surfaces and the transfer films of these PTFE composites formed on the surface of GCr15 bearing steel were then investigated by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an optical microscope, respectively. Experimental results show that filling Pb, PbO, Pb₃O₄ or PbS to PTFE can greatly reduce the wear of the PTFE composites, but the wear reducing action of Pb₃O₄ is the most effective. Meanwhile, PbS increases the friction coefficient of the PTFE composite, but Pb and Pb₃O₄ reduce the friction coefficients of the PTFE composites. However, the friction and wear properties of lead or its compounds filled PTFE composites can be greatly improved by lubrication with liquid paraffin, and the friction coefficients of the PTFE composites can be decreased by one order of magnitude. Optical microscope investigation of transfer films shows that Pb, PbO, Pb₃O₄ and PbS enhance the adhesion of the transfer films to the surface of GCr15 bearing steel, so they greatly reduce the wear of the PTFE composites. However, the transfer of the PTFE composites onto the surface of GCr15 bearing steel can be greatly reduced by lubrication with liquid paraffin, but the transfer still takes place. SEM examination of worn surfaces shows that the interaction between liquid paraffin and the PTFE composites creates some cracks on the worn surfaces of the PTFE composites; the creation and development of the cracks reduces the load-carrying capacity of the PTFE composites, and this leads to deterioration of the friction and wear properties of the PTFE composites filled with lead or its compounds under higher loads in liquid paraffin lubrication.     

Friction and wear properties of metal powder filled PTFE composites under oil lubricated conditions

Four kinds of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-based composite, pure PTFE, PTFE+30vol.%Cu, PTFE+30vol.%Pb and PTFE+30vol.%Ni composite, were prepared. The friction and wear properties of these metal powder filled PTFE composites sliding against GCr15 bearing steel under both dry and lubricated conditions were studied using an MHK-500 ring-block wear tester. The worn surfaces of the PTFE composites and the transfer films formed on the surface of GCr15 bearing steel were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy respectively. Experimental results show that the friction and wear properties of the PTFE composites can be greatly improved by liquid paraffin lubrication. The wear of these PTFE composites can be decreased by at least 1 to 2 orders of magnitude compared with that under dry friction conditions, while the friction coefficients can be decreased by 1 order of magnitude, SEM and optical microscopy investigations of the rubbing surfaces show that metal fillers of Cu, Pb and Ni not only raise the load carrying capacity of the PTFE composites, but also promote transfer of the PTFE composites onto the counterfaces, so they greatly reduce the wear of the PTFE composites. However, the transfer of these PTFE composites onto the counterfaces can be greatly reduced by liquid paraffin lubrication, but transfer still takes place.     

润滑油添加剂对聚合物及其复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

利用MHK-500型环-块磨损试验机研究了二烷基二硫代磷酸锌(ZDDP)对几种聚合物及其复合材料-金属摩擦副油润滑摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明,液体石蜡中的ZDDP对尼龙66(PA66)及聚酰亚胺(PI)-GCr15轴承钢摩擦副的摩擦系数影响不大,但却使聚四氟乙烯(PTEE)及其复合材料-GCr15轴承钢摩擦副的摩擦系数略有降低。PTEE及其复合材料-GCr15轴承钢摩擦副表面的ZDDP吸附膜具有一定的抗磨作用,它大幅度降低了Pb、PbO及MoS     

On the friction and wear behavior of PTFE composite filled with rare earths treated carbon fibers under oil-lubricated condition

Carbon fibers (CF) were surface treated with air-oxidation, air-oxidation followed by rare earths (RE) treatment and RE treatment, respectively. The friction and wear properties of the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites filled with differently surface treated carbon fibers, sliding against GCr15 steel under oil lubrication, were investigated on a reciprocating ball-on-disk UMT-2MT tribometer. The worn surfaces of the PTFE composites were examined using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Experimental results revealed that surface treatment of carbon fibers reduced the wear of CF-reinforced PTFE composites. Among all the treatments to carbon fibers, RE treatment was the most effective and lowest friction and wear rate of CF-reinforced PTFE composite was exhibited, owing to the effective improvement of the interfacial adhesion between the carbon fibers and PTFE matrix.     

纳米ZnO填充的PTFE基复合材料摩擦学性能研究

得胜０００型摩擦磨损试验机研究了不同体积含量的纳米氧化锌（ＺｎＯ）填充的ＰＴＦＥ基复合材料在于摩擦条件下与不风对摩时的摩擦学性能,并利用扫描电子微镜（ＳＥＭ）对ＰＴＦＥ及纳米ＺｎＯ／ＰＴＦＥ复合材料的微观结构、磨损表面和转移膜进行了观察和分析。结果表明,纳米ＺｎＯ／ＰＴＦＥ复合材料的摩擦性能与纯ＰＴＦＥ基本相当,但耐磨性明显优于后者,纳米ＺｎＯ在复合材料中的最佳含量为１５ｖｏｌ．％左右。     

偶件表面粗糙度对PTFE密封材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

在干摩擦和油润滑条件下,采用MRH-3型高速环块摩擦磨损试验机研究不同粗糙度的45#钢环对PTFE摩擦副摩擦磨损性能的影响,借助白光干涉仪和SEM分析不同试环粗糙度下PTFE磨损后的表面形貌,结合油缸和密封件的工况分析油缸内壁粗糙度对密封材料磨损的原因和机制。结果表明:45#钢环表面粗糙度存在一个最佳的范围,在此范围内摩擦因数均较小;在干摩擦条件下,钢环表面粗糙度过高或过低时,PTFE磨损率均比较大,在油润滑条件下,PTFE磨损率一般随钢环表面粗糙度的增大而升高;粗糙度较大时,PTFE的损伤以犁沟损伤为主。     

干摩擦工况下Si3N4/PTFE配副材料摩擦磨损特性与转移膜形成分析

为使全陶瓷轴承在干摩擦工况下可靠运转,选用四氟乙烯(PTFE)材质的保持架为全陶瓷轴承提供润滑.利用Rtec销/盘摩擦磨损试验机,以PTFE盘与氮化硅(Si3 N4)销为摩擦副,研究Si3 N4/PTFE在不同载荷和转速条件下的摩擦磨损性能,通过SEM对Si3 N4表面的转移膜形貌进行观察,分析转移膜形成原因.结果表明...     

高能电子辐照对PTFE填充酚酞聚芳醚酮复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

用MM-200型摩擦磨损试验机考察了辐照对PTFE填充酚酞聚芳醚酮复合材料的摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明：PEK-C复合材料经辐照后其磨擦磨损性能变差。电镜分析表明,辐照样品的磨屑大于未辐照后样品的磨屑。辐照样品的磨损表面梨沟较明显,而未辐照样品的磨损表面无犁沟槽,且表面比较光滑,而电子探针微区分析EPMA表明,辐照样品与钢环对磨后,其摩擦表面较粗糙,钢环表面没有形成连续、均匀的转移膜;而未辐照样品与钢环对磨后,它们的摩擦表面较光滑,钢环表面均形成了较连续、均匀的转移膜。     

PTFE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

用机械共混、冷压成型烧结的方法制备了纳米SiO2/石墨/玻璃纤维/PTFE复合材料试样。用MM-200型磨损试验机测试了在干摩擦条件下不同载荷时各试样的摩擦磨损性能;用扫描电镜对磨损后试件表面进行观察和分析。研究结果表明：纳米SiO2和玻璃纤维有效提高了PTFE的承载能力,石墨的加入起到了减小摩擦的作用;在本试验条件下,在摩擦过程中三元混合填充PTFE复合材料在偶件表面形成了转移膜,减少了复合材料与偶件的直接接触,因而表现出优异的抗磨性。     

聚四氟乙烯及其石墨和MoS2填充复合材料的摩擦学性能研究

利用往复式摩擦磨损实验机,对聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)及石墨和MoS2填充的PTFE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能进行了实验,考察了载荷、速度以及对摩时间的影响,并利用光学显微镜对PTFE复合材料的摩擦磨损表面进行了观察。结果表明,填加了石墨和MoS2的PTFE,由于石墨和MoS2一方面起到了润滑作用,另一方面阻止了PTFE带状大面积破坏,因而使得PTFE的摩擦因数降低,耐磨性提高。加入石墨和MoS2后PTFE的磨损机制由以犁沟效应和粘着磨损为主变为以磨粒磨损为主。     

Self-Lubricating PTFE-Based Composites with Black Phosphorus Nanosheets

Black phosphorus (BP), a newly emerging two-dimensional material, has recently received considerable attention. Our recent work suggested that BP nanosheets exhibit extraordinary mechanical and lubrication properties. In the present work, the tribological properties of polyetheretherketone (PEEK)/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and carbon fiber (CF)/PTFE composites with BP nanosheets have been investigated. The morphologies and surface element distribution of the worn tracks of the tribopair surfaces were examined by different analytical techniques. The results show that the coefficients of friction (COFs) of both the PEEK/PTFE and CF/PTFE composites decreased dramatically after the addition of BP nanosheets, and the minimum COF of the composite was 0.04, which was a quarter of that of the PTFE composite without BP nanosheets. After BP nanosheets were added into the composites, the wear rate of the PTFE/PEEK composite decreased dramatically, while that of the CF/PTFE composite increased significantly with the increase in the filler concentration. The analysis of the lubrication mechanism of the PTFE composite with BP nanosheets suggested that BP nanosheets could be constantly supplied into the contact area and gradually formed a BP film composed of phosphorus oxide and phosphoric acid on the counterpart surface instead of the formation of PTFE transfer film. The formed BP transfer film promoted the friction reduction and the disappearance of the adhesive wear.     

Friction and Wear Behavior of CF/PTFE Composites Lubricated by Choline Chloride Ionic Liquids

The use of ionic liquids (ILs) as lubricants has received increasing attention in recent years. The use of ILs, however, is limited by the corrosion problem and their potential toxic property. Here we present the results of our initial study on the tribological properties of carbon fiber (CF)-filled polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites, which have an excellent chemical resistance property, lubricated by choline chloride ILs. The difference between choline chloride ILs and water and hydraulic oil as lubricants was studied at the same time, as was the effect of the anion on the lubricating property of choline chloride ILs. The worn surface and transfer film of CF/PTFE composites were studied by scanning electron microscopy. Our results indicate that the lubricating property of choline chloride ILs is much better than that of water and hydraulic oil. The friction coefficient and wear rate of CF/PTFE composites lubricated with ILs were approximately 60 and 50 % lower than those under the dry friction condition. Among the three kinds of ILs tested, the best tribological properties of the CF/PTFE composites were found for those sliding in the mixture of 1,2-propanediol and choline chloride. The worn surface and transfer film of CF/PTFE composites were also much smoother than those under the dry friction, water lubrication, and hydraulic oil lubrication conditions.     

水润滑下偶件表面粗糙度对PTFE复合材料摩擦学性能的影响

通过水润滑下的摩擦磨损实验,研究了偶件表面粗糙度对MoS2/PTFE复合材料摩擦学性能的影响,分析了在不同的偶件表面粗糙度下的摩擦学行为.实验结果表明:在水润滑下,一般存在着一个较佳的偶件表面粗糙度范围,在这个范围内可以取得较低的摩擦因数和磨损率;当偶件表面粗糙度高于这个范围时,摩擦磨损机制主要是机械作用;而当偶件表面粗糙度低于这个范围时,则主要是由于分子作用导致摩擦磨损.即当偶件表面粗糙度超出某一范围时,摩擦磨损行为将发生转变.     

表面改性硅灰石纤维填充PTFE复合材料的摩擦学性能

用KH550硅烷偶联剂表面改性的硅灰石纤维(WF)填充PTFE,在MPX-2000型磨损试验机上研究复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,并与经典的炭纤维(CF)填充PTFE复合材料进行比较。采用SEM对磨损面和对偶面进行分析。结果表明:较高载荷(200和300 N)下复合材料摩擦因数随WF含量变化的幅度不大,较稳定地维持在较低值;细小尺寸WF填充PTFE复合材料的耐磨性能较好,在WF质量分数为10%时,复合材料的磨损量只有相同含量CF填充PT-FE复合材料的81%;细小尺寸WF填充PTFE复合材料的磨损面较为平整,存在轻微黏着磨损,其对偶面转移膜平整光滑、结构致密;而CF/PTFE复合材料磨损面存在许多裸露和碎断的CF,犁削和磨粒磨损是主要的磨损形式。     

Tribology of selectively irradiated PTFE surfaces

Selectively irradiated polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) surfaces combining the low friction and non-abrasive attributes of an unirradiated polymer with the enhanced wear resistance of wholly irradiated PTFE are demonstrated. Augmented wear resistance, similar to that of filled PTFE composites, is obtained without the accompanying counterface abrasion typical of hard particulate fillers. Friction of these ‘composite’ irradiated/unirradiated surfaces can be less than that of unirradiated PTFE, as irradiated regions limit transfer morphology to only thin oriented films. Spatially distributed irradiated and unirradiated surface regions are patterned by masking 225 keV incident electrons. Under the given contact conditions (6.5 MPa nominal pressure against polished stainless steel) such self-lubricating, wear-resistant composite surfaces had lifetimes of several kilometers sliding distance before giving way to rapid wear of the underlying unmodified PTFE. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

PTFE三层复合材料摩擦过程的界面动态迁移

在面接触摩擦磨损试验机上考察了PTFE三层复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,观察了其摩擦过程转移膜形成的动态过程,分析了其摩擦磨损机制。结果表明:PTFE三层复合材料在与对偶钢件摩擦时,会在摩擦界面上发生界面迁移,导致在对偶件表面形成一层转移膜。界面迁移的动态过程是:转移膜的形成开始是由于微切削机制使得PTFE复合材料镶嵌于对偶件表面的凹坑和微沟槽处,进而在机械和摩擦化学的作用下得以生长变大,最后形成较完整的转移膜。转移膜在形成与长大过程中,始终伴随着局部脱落以及再修复的过程,在形成较完整的转移膜后处于动态平衡。摩擦过程中转移膜的形成可以有效地稳定摩擦因数,减小磨损。     

聚苯酯填充聚四氟乙烯复合材料摩擦学行为研究

采用聚苯酯（Ekonol）、Ekonol／PAB纤维增强聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）制备利用转移膜润滑的摩擦副材料，并研究了两组材料在于摩擦条件下与9Cr18轴承钢对摩时的摩擦学性能；运用扫描电镜分析了两组材料磨损表面形貌和磨损机理。结果表明：随着Ekonol含量的增大，Ekonol填充PTFE复合材料的摩擦因数逐渐增大，当Ekonol质量分数超过25％时摩擦因数略有下降，磨损方式由以犁削磨损为主转变为以疲劳磨损为主；而Ekonol／PAB纤维填充门FE复合材料的摩擦因数，随Ekonol含量的增大而增大，磨损方式由以粘着磨损为主转变为以疲劳磨损为主。Ekonol／PAB纤维填充PTFE复合材料的摩擦学性能优于Ekonol填充PTFE复合材料。     

聚酰亚胺对聚四氟乙烯基自润滑复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

研究了不同聚酰亚胺(PI)含量的聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)基自润滑复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,并分析了干摩擦和预浸油润滑两种条件下的磨损表面形貌和磨损机理.研究表明:PI的加入在于摩擦状态下能显著提高复合材料的减摩性能,并且随着含量的增加效果更加明显;但其抗磨损作用并不明显,其磨损量取决于复合材料的协同作用,而玻璃纤维和MoS2减磨作用明显;在预浸油润滑条件下,由于油润滑占主导地位,复合材料基体减摩效果不能充分体现.