光学表面的分形结构和表征算法

根据光学表面在微观结构上呈现出的统计自相似性，利用与尺度无关的分形模型描述了光学表面的结构特征，采用结构函数法对分形维数进行计算，分析了抛光表面的分形特点。在此基础上，提出了采用一阶自回归分形模型对抛光表面进行模拟的新方法，分析了界定尺度、模型参数对分形特征和分形维数的影响规律。     

结构性岩体的爆破破碎分形

讨论了结构性岩体内部结构和岩石破碎的分形特性，建立了岩体结构体的分布函数；用概率统计的方法证明了结构性岩体破碎的实质是一个分维数逐渐增加的分形过程，破碎体块度分布的分形特性是岩体结构性分形和破碎分形的必然结果。同时给出了结构体分形和破碎块度分形之间的关系。通过分析结构性岩体爆破破碎的模拟试验结果，进一步验证了文中的结论。     

分形理论在定向凝固固—液界面中的应用

本文叙述了分形理论中镍基高温合金定向凝固固－液界面研究中的应用。从分形的基本理论出发，论证了定向凝固固－液界面是一种不规则的分形结构，并用分形维数的新方法定量地描述了固－液界面和生长形态，给出了界面分形维数与凝固速率之间的关系。发现随着凝固速率的增加，固－液界面的分形维数呈指数规律增加，而且，从热力学角度对分形维数不仅仅是单纯描述不规则图形的几何参量，而是对一个依赖于凝固参数而变化的态函数做了较为     

分形理论在复杂系统研究中的应用

本文首先分析了复杂系统的定义,之后描述了分形理论的提出和发展,提出了分形理论研究的目的和意义,及其在当今自然科学中复杂系统方面的应用,如植物学中的植物形态模拟,生物医学中超声图像的分析,材料学中的分子分形表面等,和社会科学中的复杂系统,如经济学中的分形企业管理,和金融学方面的分形市场理论等诸方面的应用。总结了分形理论的适用范围和这些理论的共性,提出了分形理论的巨大潜力和今后的发展方向。     

模拟自然景观的分形方法

用分形L系统形象地模拟了植物的结构，绘制了三维L系统对植物模拟的分形图，复分图可以绘制出各种奇特的形状，进行艺术图案设计，根据不同的常量值绘制了Julia集的分形图，用分形迭代函数系统（IFS）绘制了分形山，同时进行了虚拟自然景物模拟，最后根据每种方法的优缺点以及适用的不同情况对3种方法进行了比较。     

多孔材料孔结构分形维数的研究现状

分形表征是多孔材料孔结构表征中的一种新兴的方法。通过构造分形几何模型，阐述了多孔材料孔结构分形表征中不同类型的分形维数。分析了现阶段研究中存在的问题，探讨了分形表征在多孔材料孔结构表征中未来的发展趋势。     

分形理论及其在摩擦学研究中的应用

介绍了分形的概念以及分形维数的计算方法，重点讨论了分形理论在麻摩擦学研究，如摩擦表面分析、摩擦磨损问题研究和滑动摩擦温度分布的分形模型等方面的应用。     

Matlab在耐酸钛基固溶体电极研究中的应用

运用热分解法制备了优导价廉的耐酸钛基固溶体电极，由SEM图片计算出活性表面的分形维数S=2．4240，确定了其分形类型属于自相似表面中的孔分形，应用Matlab程序模拟出了活性表面的分形轮廓。     

分形理论在定向凝固固－液界面研究中的应用

本文叙述了分形理论中镍基高温合金定向凝固固－液界面研究中的应用。从分形的基本理论出发，论证了定向凝固固－液界面是一种不规则的分形结构，并用分形维数的新方法定量地描述了固－液界面的生长形态，给出了界面分形维数与凝固速率之间的关系。发现随着凝固速率的增加，固－液界面的分形维数呈指数规律增加。而且，从热力学角度对分形维数不仅仅是单纯描述不规则图形的几何参量，而是对一个依赖于凝固参数而变化的态函数做了较为深入的讨论。     

Ag-TCNQ分形生长现象研究

利用溶液化学反应法，在Ag-TCNQ过饱和度较大的条件下，发现了Ag-TCNQ的分形生长现象。研究表明，Ag膜厚度和与溶液反应的时间对样品的形貌有影响。Ag膜薄生成的样品稀疏，分形维数小；反之样品致密，分形维数大。反应完全时样品最致密，分形维数最大。SEM研究表明，这些分形生长主要是堆垛分形，分支堆积有序，表现出材料良好的自组织性。     

An Annotated Bibliography on Concurrent-Engineering-Related Topics

Abstract

This article presents an enterprise method for moving a firm's product content to the Internet. Web-enabled, online content provides a competitive advantage for attracting, selling, and servicing clients globally. Two case studies of large international firms that used the content method are summarized. Findings show that the implementation method explained in this article provided a basic structure and process for meeting client goals. However, technology objectives tended to continually overwhelm enterprise and business strategies. The subordination of enterprise strategy resulted in dysfunctional organizational conflict and unnecessary project delays. Also, unanticipated, disruptive consequences of the changes resulted in confused organizational roles and work practices, which were not adequately addressed. This study recommends: (1) Enterprise and information technology (IT) strategy should be jointly planned before the content change process begins. Project sponsors representing top-down and bottom-up organizational levels should be assigned to coordinate IT and business goals throughout the project life cycle. The primary role of the project sponsors would be to anticipate and solve team and individual work-related needs during the project. (2) Change management interventions should also be incorporated into the enterprise method to commit, involve, and train those affected by the change. These recommendations would strengthen the effectiveness of the enterprise method observed and gain satisfaction of stakeholders involved in the change process.     

Book Reviews

Abstract:

Disruptive technology can be defined as an emerging technology whose arrival in the marketplace signifies the eventual displacement of the dominant technology in that sector. Defining and assessing a set of key metrics for a disruptive technology at its early stages can substantially aid an enterprise to develop requirements, identify, and in turn increase the possibility of the successful launch of a disruptive technology. This article aims at defining a set of key metrics for evaluation of a possible disruptive technology. A case study is subsequently used for demonstrating the metrics identified. The article concludes with its relevance to the engineering management domain and directions for future research.     

技术、业务、管理、服务能力,一个都不能少——浅谈信息部门IT人员在企业信息化中的正确定位

文章从企业信息部门IT人员对自身角色定位的误区入手,阐述了作为企业信息化工程的主力军,IT人员应该在技术、业务、管理、服务等诸方面均需拥有一定的专业水平,具备综合能力,最终正确定位自身为复合型信息化人才。     

How to understand “salable fake goods” and “unsalable quality goods”? An insight from the view of quality responsibility and consumers’ brand loyalty

A body of theoretical and practical research suggests technology innovation is the driving force for enterprise survival and development and that maintaining business ethics is an important guarantee in sustaining these enterprises developments. Fulfilling the “hard responsibility” of product quality based on technical standards and the “soft responsibility” of product quality based on business ethics is an important principle stimulating the benign interaction and continuous progress of technological innovation and business ethics, and realizing a balanced development of enterprises and society, which could promote positive brand and enterprise image to both stakeholders and consumers, helping consumers choose high-quality products in the market and social competition. However, the strange marketing phenomena of “salable fake goods” and “unsalable quality goods” shows that no systematic marketing strategies have been identified to date, that enterprises could adopt to effectively promote the recognition of consumers and turn them into a loyal customer group and have a stable market share. Based on customer buying behavior theory, cognitive consistency theory, signal theory, and social identity theory, this study explored the influencing mechanism of quality responsibility on brand loyalty of consumers and the mediating role of corporate reputation and brand identification, using 224 valid questionnaires from 16 communities (residents) in Shanxi and Henan provinces of China tested by SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 25.0. Results show that quality responsibility has a significant positive influence on brand behavior loyalty and brand attitude loyalty, and both corporate emotional reputation and brand identification play mediating roles in the relationship between quality responsibility and brand behavior loyalty, and quality responsibility and brand attitude loyalty. Additionally, corporate cognitive reputation only plays a mediating role in the relationship between quality responsibility and brand behavior loyalty. Obtained conclusions in the study provide references for enterprise managers and government decision-makers in exploring management strategies of expediting future technological development and next-generation upgrades & transformations, improving quality and technology benchmarks, optimizing product quality responsibility system and promoting sustainable social development.     

粉碎能耗与粒度分布指数的相关性

利用分形和分维数基本概念,导出粉粒度分布的分维数和分裂比、粉碎概率互相存在的简单关系,从能耗与颗粒表面分维数相关出发,推出单位体积粉碎能耗与粒度分布的值指数的相关性;同时推出单位体积粉碎能耗的分维数.当粉碎粒度分布的分维数近似小于0.89时,粉碎能耗呈现自然分形的特征.     

分形理论应用于包装材料性能研究的进展

目的 分形现象广泛存在于包装材料性能等方面,目前尚无系统性的描述,有必要总结分形理论应用于包装材料性能的研究进展,为采用分形方法研究包装材料性能提供参考.方法 从分形特征的提取、分形维数的计算方法等方面,综述应用于金属合金和陶瓷等无机材料、高分子聚合物和复合材料等的分形分析方法.通过包装材料的分形维数模型,分析包装材料的分形特征参数与其性能之间的关系.结果 利用分形分析方法,可以定性和定量表征大量不同种类包装材料的分形特征、微观结构和力学等性能.结论 利用分形理论研究包装材料性能的方法具有普遍性,包装材料性能与分形维数的关系将是分形理论在包装材料性能研究方面的重要发展趋势之一.     

The fourth mode of fracture in fractal fracture mechanics

This paper offers a systematic approach for obtaining the order of stress singularity for different self-similar and self-affine fractal cracks. Mode II and Mode III fractal cracks are studied and are shown to introduce the same order of stress singularity as Mode I fractal cracks do. In addition to these three classical modes, a Mode IV is discovered, which is a consequence of the fractal fracture. It is shown that, for this mode, stress has a weaker singularity than it does in the classical modes of fracture when self-affine fractal cracks are considered, and stress has the same order of singularity when self-similar cracks are considered. Considering this new mode of fracture, some single-mode problems of classical fracture mechanics could be mixed-mode problems in fractal fracture mechanics. By imposing a continuous transition from fractal to classical stress and displacement fields, the complete forms of the stress and displacement fields around the tip of a fractal crack are found. Then a universal relationship between fractal and classical stress intensity factors is derived. It is demonstrated that for a Mode IV fractal crack, only one of the stress components is singular; the other stress components are identically zero. Finally, stress singularity for three-dimensional bodies with self-affine fractal cracks is studied. As in the two-dimensional case, the fourth mode of fracture introduces a weaker stress singularity for self-affine fractal cracks than classical modes of fracture do.     

金属断裂表面分形维数与组织、性能之间的关系

借助分形研究了拉伸条件下,分形维数 D_F 与拉伸性能之间的关系,讨论了显微组织对分形维数的影响,并把冲击韧性与分形维数之间的关系和拉伸性能与分形维数之间的关系进行了比较。实验结果表明,拉伸性能与分形维数只存在定性关系。延伸率与分形维数成正比,强度σ_b、σ_s与分形维数成反比,显微组织对分形维数有重要影响。断裂方式对分形维数、断裂性质以及两者的对应关系也有重要影响。     

原子力显微镜对透明质酸分形结构的研究

利用原子力显微镜研究了浓度分别为0.01 mg/mL、0.1 mg/mL、1 mg/mL的透明质酸(HA)在云母上的自组装形貌,从中得出透明质酸在云母表面生长聚集形成树枝状分形结构是有浓度限制的结论,并对其生长聚集形成树枝状分形结构的作用机理和生长过程进行了研究。透明质酸的树枝状分形结构具有统计意义上的自相似性,属不规则分形结构,与计算机模拟的DLA模型相一致。研究透明质酸的分形结构为研究透明质酸各种存在状态与其生物功能之间的关系提供了有益的帮助。