用A/D转换器实现铂电阻温度计的非线性校正

针对铂电阻传感器的非线性校正,一般需要另加一个特别校正电路的问题;提出了在测量温度的应用中利用A/D转换器作非线性转换,实现铂电阻传感器的非线性校正;同时将输入信号的一部分送到A/D转换电路的基准电压端,并恰当地选择A/D转换电路的设计参数的方法,使铂电阻传感器在用于-15～200℃范围的温度测量时的非线性误差不超过0.01℃.这样既简化了电路设计,又有效提高了铂电阻测量温度的精度.     

基于智能控制技术的新型温控系统的研究

本文主要介绍了一种基于智能控制技术的新型温控系统的硬件设计.设计了传感器铂电阻为本温度控制系统提供温度信号,经A/D转换成数字信号送入微控制器中,通过微控制器及其接口电路,实现对温度信号的显示、判断、决策及控制.最后系统输出的适当控制量可调脉冲控制可控硅电路.通过可控硅调功对被控对象电阻炉的加热,实现系统对被控对象电阻炉的温度控制,以达到系统所要求的精度.     

基于热容原理的小管径气液两相流传感器设计

为了识别小管径内气液含量,设计了一种参比铂电阻电极、工作铂电阻电极和加热器复合结构的传感器.基于液体与气体热容率不同,在管道进出口设计了铂电阻电极,采用温度调理电路和温度加热电路实现测量,传感器输出高低电压信号可以区别气液含量.实验结果表明,管径内气体体积小于测量管段体积的50％时,传感器输出低电压信号值0 V;管径内...     

基于铂电阻的温度高精度测量研究

针对采用铂电阻对温度进行高精度测量,从硬件电路和曲线拟合2个方面进行了研究。电路上采用同一个电压给传感器恒电流驱动电路和A／D转换电路作参考电压,保证了温度检测的精度,并用最小二乘法直接拟合了描述采样值一温度关系的曲线,弥补了Pt100测温时信号从铂电阻到A／D转换的过程中各个中间环节所产生的偏差。该方法可使测量偏差优于0．05℃,并已在研制的高精度温度温差控制系统中得到应用。     

二种铂电阻4～20mA电流变送器电路

介绍两种实用的铂电阻 4～ 2 0mA电流变送器电路 ,它们分别采用等效负电阻和专用电阻温度传感器信号调理芯片XTR10 5对铂电阻进行非线性校正。该电路不仅能提高温度信号的测量精度 ,而且适用于远距离传输。     

比率法测温系统的优化与不确定度分析

为实现对腐蚀性物质所处环境温度的精确检测,介绍了一种基于比率法的铂电阻高精度测温方法.通过对比率法测温电路的不确定度分析,设计了一种改进的比率法测温电路,对各个不确定度分量进行了误差修正,提高了A/D转换的线性度和精度;同时,改进的电路可兼容多种类型的铂电阻测量,修正了由长引线、多种漂移、A/D线性度等引入的误差.试验结果表明,在0～ 100℃范围内,该测温电路的检测精度优于0.1％,且具有较高的稳定性.     

基于VXI总线的8通道测频模块设计

基于频率测量的广泛应用性,设计了一种基于VXI总线的C尺寸8通道测频模块;在详细分析和理解VXI总线规范的基础上,采用CPLD设计了VXI总线寄存器基器件接口电路;采用信号调理电路和光电隔离电路对输人信号进行调理,使其转变成CPLD可识别的脉冲信号;基于多周期同步测频法,采用VHDL语言设计了模块的测频电路;调试结果表明,VXI总线接口电路原理正确,功能合理,接口电气性能满足总线规范的要求;测频功能工作稳定、可靠,测试精度较高.     

数字测温电路的差值灵敏度的设计分析

通过对铂温度传感器的测温电路的大量实验和分析研究,提出了数字测温电路中,A/D转换电路差值灵敏度的概念,分析了铂电阻温度电压放大曲线的斜率的线性特点和调试方法,以及数字显示测温电路A/D转换差值灵敏度的测试.研究表明,使铂电阻温度电压放大曲线的斜率值等于A/D转换电路的差值灵敏度,是提高测温电路精度的关键问题,并分析计算了调整斜率的理论根据和具体方法,讨论了数字测温电路中产生测量误差的因素以及提高精度的其他措施.     

基于PXI总线的高精度时统终端设计

针对靶场光测设备小型化集成度高的发展要求,设计出一种基于PXI总线的时统终端;单块PXI时统板卡集成IRIG-B码的解调电路和PXI总线接口电路,简化了系统结构,缩小了体积;在FPGA内部实现IRIG-B码的全数字解调,采用超前预测滤波方法,提高解调精度;控制PXI接口芯片实现了时间信息和控制信息在本地总线和主机端的可靠传输;利用PXI触发总线为分系统提供触发信号,提高设备子系统间的同步精度,提高了光电设备的测量精度.     

同基准16路电流型测温电路设计与应用

在许多实际的应用系统中,需要同时测量多点温度,为了解决多支路测温需要相同参考标准的问题,保证各路参数具有可比性;巧妙地设计同基准A/D转换电路,运用低导通电阻模拟开关构建矩阵开关进行分时切换各支路,有效地解决了多支路同基准测量问题;结合实际应用确定A/D转换器输入电路滤波电容大小与开关切换延时的关系;利用台阶电阻使A/D转换器的输入端的“零”电平得到抬升,偏离A/D转换器非线性段,解决了微小信号输入的测量精度;对于温度测量普遍使用的铂电阻传感器,利用模拟开关实现了铂电阻传感器静态下预热电流与测量状态下工作电流的电路转换,保证电路的信号稳定起到很好作用;在实际的应用系统中,检定数据和使用效果表明,同基准16路电流型测温电路具有高稳定度、高精度特点,适用于各种相参测量系统中使用。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.