松香胺聚醚的合成及其在混合办公废纸脱墨中的应用

以松香胺、环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷(PO)为原料,在KOH催化剂作用下合成了不同PO聚合度的松香胺双链聚醚,后经季铵化、磷酸酯化反应分别合成了不同PO聚合度的松香胺双链季铵盐聚醚、松香胺双链季铵盐磷酸酯聚醚,并研究了各类型聚醚对混合办公废纸的脱墨效果。结果表明:在PO聚合度较低(y14)时,松香胺双链季铵盐磷酸酯聚醚对混合办公废纸具有更好的脱墨效果,脱墨后的纸浆具有较高的白度值和较低的尘埃度。     

聚醚型阻垢剂对磷酸钙垢阻垢性能的研究

不同聚合度的聚乙二醇单甲醚丙烯酸酯分别与丙烯酸(AA)在水溶液中聚合,得到两种聚醚型共聚物阻垢剂T-400和T-1000.考察了阻垢剂用量、钙离子浓度、溶液pH,以及温度、时间对其阻磷酸钙垢率的影响,并与其他阻垢剂进行了比较.结果表明,聚醚型阻垢剂具有优异的阻磷酸钙垢的性能,对钙离子容忍度较高,受温度影响较小.可用于高pH的水系统中,并长时间有效;聚醚侧基的聚合度大小对其阻磷酸钙垢性能影响不大.     

脂肪胺嵌段聚醚的合成及其办公废纸脱墨性能研究

以脂肪胺、环氧乙烷(EO)、环氧丙烷(PO)、氯化苄、三氯氧磷为原料,在KO H催化作用下,合成了含不同烷基碳链长度(n)与EO聚合度(z)的非离子型脂肪胺嵌段聚醚、阳离子型脂肪胺季铵盐嵌段聚醚及两性型脂肪胺季铵盐磷酸酯嵌段聚醚,并研究了各类嵌段聚醚的脱墨性能.结果表明,在n≥14、z=10～12范围时,两性型脂肪胺季...     

三硅氧烷表面活性剂性能评价

研究了以烯丙基聚醚和七甲基聚三硅氧烷为原料的三硅氧烷表面活性剂中原料烯丙基聚醚中EO的聚合度、产品浓度与产品的表面张力之间的关系。三硅氧烷表面活性剂作为农药喷雾助剂,其最合理的EO聚合度的取值应该在4～8之间。当其浓度达到0.04%aq时,即可使溶液的表面张力达到21～22mN/m,从而使药液在叶片表面获得良好的润湿和铺展。     

聚醚类非离子表面活性剂的高分辨质谱检测与解析

本文提供一种适合聚醚类非离子表面活性剂的定性分析方法:采用高效液相串联高分辨质谱法,以ESI源正离子模式,对聚醚类非离子表面活性剂进行分析。方法具有较高灵敏度及分辨率,测试数据符合正态分布,并提供了精确分子量,可准确计算聚合度。同时给出了烷基酚聚醚和脂肪醇聚醚在高分辨质谱中分子量的体现形式。     

聚醚改性硅油

南京工业大学的唐琼等人以聚醚（FF-2）和含氢硅油（PHMS）为原料,在氯铂酸催化下、在110℃反应8h,合成了聚醚改性硅油。研究了PriMS氢含量和黏度对产物性能的影响,产物链节比和聚合度对其黏温系数和表面张力的影响。     

核磁共振波谱法测定含氢硅油、含硅聚醚、羟基硅油

采用90MH_z-~1H-NMR、90MH_z-~(29)Si-NMR和270 MH_z-NMR分别测定了羟基硅油中羟基、含氢硅油中的Si-H键以及特种含砖聚醚中硅油平均聚合度、链节数、分子量以及含硅聚醚的分子量。其结果和化学方法及红外光谱法比较,取得比较满意的结果。     

浅谈聚醚型破乳剂生产过程中的产品质量问题

针对聚醚型破乳剂生产过程中容易出现的产品质量问题展开讨论,为生产中把握关键环节提供支持。文中对环氧乙（丙）烷的阴离子型聚合反应动力学方程进行了简要分析探讨,同时针对聚醚型破乳剂生产中常出现的问题结合反应机理、实践经验等进行了分析,力图从聚合反应速率、聚合度及操作条件等因素去考虑如何提高产品质量。     

全氟聚醚的研究进展

介绍全氟聚醚的四种不同分子结构及光催化聚合和阴离子催化聚合两种合成方法，着重介绍以六氟环氧丙烷为原料的阴离子催化聚合法，由于催化剂体系及反应条件的不同，使产物聚合度不同。同时综述全氟聚醚的性能及应用。     

GPC法测定纺织油剂聚醚的分子量分布

采用岛津双凝胶色谱柱体系建立了一套适用于纺织油剂聚醚（Ｍ＝１００～１００００）分子量分布分段测定的ＧＰＣ新方法，用该法对国产１５个样品进行分析，结果表明，质量较好的样品，都较低，且服从泊松分布，反之则质量较差。以酸为起始剂的聚醚分子量分布较窄。油剂聚醚的质量与其结构（起始剂种类和聚合度等）有关。     

金属-卟啉引发体系在表面活性剂合成中的应用

综述了用金属-卟啉体系引发的环氧类单体用于非离子型高分子表面活性剂的合成,其产物具有分子质量可控、分布窄等诸多特点,同时,该反应显示出一种持续性,在添加了含有活泼氢的物质后仍可继续聚合,该合成方法可用于分子设计。同时介绍了该聚合法的发展状况及前景。     

稳态荧光探针研究Guerbet醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸钠的聚集行为

以芘为荧光探针、二苯甲酮为猝灭剂,用稳态荧光探针法测定了合成的4种具有支链结构的Guerbet醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸钠的临界胶束浓度和胶团的聚集数.结果表明,用稳态荧光探针法得到的临界胶束浓度（CMC）数值与表面张力法相差不大.结合临界胶束浓度、胶束微环境的极性和胶束聚集数的变化规律,推测了这类表面活性剂形成的胶束聚集体的结构形态.     

Polymerization of fluoroacrylate and guar gum copolymer as a new pretreatment paste for ink‐jet printing of polyester

A novel pretreatment paste containing fluoroacrylate copolymer and modified Guar Gum was carried out on the polyester fabric to provide partial water repellency and printability after inkjet printed with water‐based disperse dye inks. The stable fluorinated pastes were prepared via miniemulsion polymerization of fluoroalkyl acrylates, styrene, 2‐ethylhexyl acrylate, and modified guar gum in the presence of AIBN as initiator, CTAB and polyoxyethylene polyaryl ether as surfactants under suitable reaction conditions. In the analysis of monomer conversion and particle size, the highest polymerization rate with smallest particle size was obtained with increasing concentration of surfactants and initiator but the decreasing degree of substitution of guar gum to imply stronger interactions between fluoroacrylate monomers, hydroxyl groups of modified guar gum and EO units of nonionic surfactants. The 30% of stock fluorinated paste with urea concentration of 6% provided the prints with highest K/S value, satisfactory edge acuity and least color difference between front and back sides of the fabric to show more transparency. The rating 80 of water repellency tested on the best treated polyester fabric demonstrated stain proof properties after sprayed with water and dried. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Photopolymerization kinetics of poly(acrylate)-clay composites using polymerizable surfactants

Photopolymerization kinetics of polymer-clay nanocomposite systems utilizing polymerizable quaternary ammonium surfactants as dispersants were systematically investigated to determine the effects of surfactant type and clay morphology on polymerization behavior. For these studies, either polymerizable surfactants were mixed into a clay-monomer system or the surfactants were ionically anchored to clay surfaces and added to the monomer for in situ photopolymerization. Higher photopolymerization rates are observed with increasing polymerizable surfactant concentration, while no significant change or decreases in polymerization rate occur with incorporation of non-polymerizable surfactants. The higher rates observed for polymerizable surfactant systems are due to lower apparent termination rate parameters stemming from immobilization of the surfactants. For clay that is modified with ionically bonded quaternary ammonium surfactants, polymerization rates decrease in both polymerizable and non-polymerizable organoclay systems with increasing concentration, but this decrease is much smaller when polymerizable organoclays are utilized. For the same organoclay concentration, higher polymerization rates and double bond conversions result with increasing polymerizable surfactant concentration via cation exchange. Significant increases in polymerization rate also occur with increasing degree of clay exfoliation.     

锌/钴双金属氰化络合物催化环氧丙烷聚合机理

用以二乙二醇二乙醚为有机配体的锌／钴双金属氰化络合物进行了环氧丙烷的聚合，并用扩展X射线精细结构分析方法研究了催化剂激活和环氧丙烷聚合过程中锌离子和钴离子的区域结构变化。结果表明，锌／钴双金属氰化络合物催化环氧丙烷的聚合是一个活性聚合体系。在环氧丙烷聚合过程中锌离子由与3．0个氧原子配位转变为与5．7个氧原子配位，表明聚合活性中心为5．0个氧原子配位的螯合锌离子。     

Environmental Impact of Ether Carboxylic Derivative Surfactants

The ultimate aerobic biodegradability and toxicity of three ether carboxylic derivative surfactants having different alkyl chains and degrees of ethoxylation were investigated. Ultimate aerobic biodegradability was screened by means of dissolved organic carbon determinations at different initial surfactant concentrations. For comparison, the characteristic parameters of the biodegradation process, such as half-life, mean biodegradation rate, and residual surfactant concentration, were determined. Increased surfactant concentrations decreased mineralization and lengthened the estimated half-life. The results demonstrate that the ultimate aerobic biodegradability is higher for the surfactants with the shortest alkyl chain and highest degree of ethoxylation. Toxicity values of the surfactants, and their binary mixtures, were determined using three test organisms, the freshwater crustacea Daphnia magna, the luminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri and the microalgae Selenastrum capricornutum. The toxicity is lower for the surfactants with the shortest alkyl chain and highest degree of ethoxylation. The toxicity of binary mixtures of the three ether carboxylate surfactants at a 1:1 weight ratio was also measured. The least toxic mixture is formed by the surfactants having lower individual toxicity.     

Polymerization of alkylene oxides with trialkylaluminum,metal acetylacetonates,and water

Trialkylaluminum and acetylacetonates of Groups II and III metals are very effective polymerization catalysts for alkylene oxides. Addition of water increased both polymerization rate and yield. Among many combinations examined, a combination of triisobutylaluminum, zinc acetylacetonate, and water is outstanding. It gives high rate, high yield, and high degree of polymerization. The mole ratio of these three components was extensively studied and shown to be less critical than for other systems. Order of addition was not important. Elastomeric products based on propylene oxide, ethylene oxide, epichlorohydrin, and allyl glycidyl ether were prepared in high yield in relatively short reaction times. Copolymerization rates for epichlorohydrin–ethylene oxide and epichlorohydrin–propylene oxide were determined and indicated that this catalyst is anionic in character. It is concluded that the bimetallic nature of this catalyst is responsible for its high reactivity, versatility and stereochemistry.     

醇醚羧酸盐物化性能的研究

对淡同环氧乙烷（简称ＥＯ）加合数的醇醚羧酸及其盐（简称ＡＥＣ）的表面张力、临界胶束浓度、泡沫性能、复配性能、温和性能等物化性能进行的检测评价表明：非离子醇醚经羧甲基化后发泡能力大大提高;ＥＯ加合数较高的ＡＥＣ具有更佳的去污能力和温和性,弱酸性介质对高ＥＯ加合数的ＡＥＣ提高云污效果有利。ＡＥＣ对皮肤和粘膜无刺激,能与包括阳离子活性剂在内的各类活性组份复配。不同羧甲基化度和ＥＯ加合数的ＡＥＣ产品在性能     

Non-ionic thiol-ended surfactants

Summary Non ionic thiol-ended surfactants have been prepared either by esterification of thioglycolic acid with poly(ethylene oxide) methyl ether or by anionic coordinated polymerisation of ethylene oxide in the presence of bromo-11-undecanol as transfer agent followed by reaction with thiourea and subsequent hydrolysis. The surfactants have been characterized by ¹H NMR, as well as the possible by-products. The transfer constants are in the range 16–19 and decrease with the chain length.     

Influence of steric length in electrosteric surfactants on emulsion polymerization

Four PPG Avanel Series S surfactants (sodium alkyl polyether sulfonates) with varying ethylene oxide content (n = 3, 7, 9, and 15) were used to investigate the influence of the steric length in this type of electrosteric stabilizers on emulsion polymerization. The polymerization studies employing potassium persulfate as an initiator with styrene, methyl methacrylate, and vinyl acetate monomers showed no apparent change in particle size, number of particles, and polymerization rate with the changing steric length of the surfactant. Steric influences were observed in the redox-initiated systems of styrene, butyl acrylate, and methyl methacrylate. Increasing the ethylene oxide unit content from three to nine units decreased the rate of polymerization, the particle size and number in the polystyrene latexes. Polymerizations with the acrylates displayed the same trend except that the polymerization rate reached a minimum value at nine ethylene oxide units and increased when the surfactant containing 15 ethylene oxide units was used.