基于MSPA的区域绿色基础设施构建——以苏锡常地区为例

区域绿色基础设施普遍被视为维护区域生态安全的有效途径,其构建方法对于其功能实现具有重要作用。形态学空间格局分析(MSPA)方法,具有需求数据量小、分析与规划匹配度高等优势,成为近年研究与应用的热点。在分析MSPA应用原理的基础上,整合遥感、GIS技术,通过绿色基础设施要素提取、景观连接度评价、最小路径分析对生态廊道进行分级,并以长三角苏锡常地区为例,验证技术框架的可行性,得到苏锡常区域绿色基础设施规划空间结构,并对网络结构提出优化策略。     

Modelling the regional economic effects of the Danish Great Belt link

Different approaches to modelling the impact of transport infrastructure investment on regional economic development are examined, including production function and economic potential approaches. An integrated modelling approach involving both transport costs and models of regional and interregional economic structure is advocated. This approach is applied to the question of forecasting the regional economic effects of the Danish Great Belt link, a major Danish infrastructure investment, due to open in 1997. These effects are shown to be modest.     

城市—区域尺度的生物多样性保护规划途径研究简

本文研究探讨了空间尺度与生物多样性保护层次的对应关系,认为在城市一区域这一特定尺度上,景观多样性是生物多样性宏观保护的关键层次,基于城市一区域整体环境的系统性和差异性以及生物流与过程,建立城市一区域框架内的生物多样性保护格局。寻找“最优景观格局”就是生物多样性保护规划的核心任务之一,并藉此总结出城市一区域尺度的两种空间类型及其生物多样性保护规划的两种途径：第一种是针对城市基质的区域空间类型提出了“城乡景观格局优化途径”,该途径包括有“集聚间有离析”、“景观安全格局”,“绿色基础设施”3大模式及5大格局优化策略;第二种是针对自然基质的区域空间类型提出的“自然保护区途径”,该途径包含有“保护区圈层”与“保护区网”2大模式以及6大保护区设计原则。     

Infrastructure and regional development

This paper gives a review of operational multiregional economic models from the viewpoint of infrastructure. Three approaches can be distinguished towards the relationship between infrastructure and regional development. First, infrastructure can be modelled as a production factor, in a production function. Second, infrastructure can be modelled as a location factor influencing the location of private investment or employment. Third, the importance of transportation infrastructure can be analyzed via its impact on interregional trade flows.     

城镇密集地区城市规划合作的探索与实践——以“广佛同城”为例

随着区域一体化的发展,在城镇化程度高的城镇密集地区,跨区域、跨城市的规划合作日益得到强化。"广佛同城"作为区域合作的一种形式,是珠江三角洲地区区域一体化发展的先导和示范。广佛同城化城市规划基于广州"西联"、佛山"东承"的战略研究,建立区域生态资源共同保护机制、统筹设施布局与建设的规划思路,按照点、线、面统筹兼顾的方式,开展城镇空间发展战略、区域交通一体化规划、重点交界地区同城整合建设项目库指引和规划实施保障机制研究等工作。     

低碳高效的综合商务区规划实践探讨——以虹桥商务区规划为例

虹桥商务区以创新转型、低碳生态、居职平衡为理念,关注区域统筹发展,重点研究区域综合交通支撑系统,并通过分单元明确各项建设指标和市政、道路等基础设施的控制要素落地两项工作,指导控制性详细规划编制,实现规划衔接。     

上海大都市圈的圈层结构与功能网络研究

全球化背景下,以全球城市为核心的城市区域成为代表国家参与世界竞争的功能承载地.以建设“卓越的全球城市”为目标的上海,需要从区域视角重新认识空间与功能组织.从宏观视角分析上海大都市圈核心、近域、郊区、外围圈层的功能布局与演化特征;从微观企业关联视角,考察大都市圈分价值区段的功能网络组织模式.在此基础上,对大都市圈的空间与功能组织模式进行探讨,以功能网络与基础设施网络完善为重点,提出都市圈圈层与功能网络优化对策,以促进区域大中小城市的合理分工与协调发展.     

INFRASTRUCTURE PRODUCTIVITY ESTIMATION AND ITS UNDERLYING ECONOMETRIC SPECIFICATIONS: A SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS

ABSTRACT In recent years researchers have considered a variety of regional models relating to infrastructure productivity. These models are often based upon overly simple econometric specifications and are typically formulated as if spatial interactions are absent. In this paper, we try to account for some of these shortcomings. We do this by considering spatial lags of certain independent variables, as well as of the dependent variable. We also consider spatial correlation of the error terms, general patterns of heteroscedasticity and of time series autocorrelation, and systems problems. Our results strongly suggest that regional infrastructure productivity involves spatial spillovers relating to both observable variables and error terms. They also suggest that corresponding coefficient estimates are very sensitive to model specifications.     

On the supply of network infrastructure

The relationship between transport infrastructure and regional development is not monocausal. In addition to the causal link between infrastructure and regional development there is also a reverse link from regional development to infrastructure investments. In the present paper we investigate the latter relationship at the interregional level. A number of factors having an impact on infrastructure supply is formulated including regional and interregional demand, construction costs, financing possibilities, regional policies and border effects. An empirical study is carried out for the supply of railways and highways in a set of regions in the EU. It is found that most of these factors indeed have a significant impact on infrastructure supply. No significant result could be found, however, for regional policies. Also, at a broad spatial level, no indications are found that border regions are suffering from a lack of infrastructure supply.     

温州滨江商务区地下车行通道交通组织模式研究

在城市高密度开发区域,作为市政基础设施的一个重要组成部分,地下车行通道在联系并整合区域地下停车资源、缓解地面交通压力和提升区域交通环境品质等方面发挥了重要作用。本文围绕温州滨江商务区地下车行通道总体规划,结合国内外相关工程案例,对地下车行通道的技术标准、交通组织方式、出入口布置方案和重要节点等方面进行分析研究,并通过相关的交通分析软件进行分析评价,为优化地下车行通道交通组织模式提供参考方案。     

Maintenance optimization of infrastructure networks using genetic algorithms

This paper presents an approach to determining the optimal set of maintenance alternatives for a network of infrastructure facilities using genetic algorithms. Optimal maintenance alternatives are those solutions that minimize the life-cycle cost of an infrastructure network while fulfilling reliability and functionality requirements over a given planning horizon. Genetic algorithms are applied to maintenance optimization because of their robust search capabilities that resolve the computational complexity of large-size optimization problems. In the proposed approach, Markov-chain models are used for predicting the performance of infrastructure facilities because of their ability to capture the time-dependence and uncertainty of the deterioration process, maintenance operations, and initial condition, as well as their practicality for network level analysis. Data obtained from the Ministére des Transports du Québec database are used to demonstrate the feasibility and capability of the proposed approach in programming the maintenance of concrete bridge decks.     

Telecommunications infrastructure and regional income convergence in China: panel data approaches

The conditional convergence framework constitutes the theoretical basis for different dynamic panel data approaches. But models with different specifications or estimated by different methods may have very different results. This study empirically tests the results by applying different panel data approaches to the study of telecommunications infrastructure in regional economic growth across China. Specifically, the pattern of regional economic growth across 29 regions in China from 1986 to 2002 is examined. The results suggest the system GMM estimation is more likely to produce consistent and efficient estimates than OLS and fixed-effect estimation. Findings indicate a significant and positive relationship between telecommunications infrastructure and regional economic growth in China and the empirical results from different estimations suggest robust results for this particular assessment. The authors wish to acknowledge the insightful and helpful comments of two anonymous referees that significantly raised the quality of this study. Any errors or misinterpretation are the responsibility of the author.     

Internet infrastructure and regional convergence: Evidence from Turkey

This study presents novel evidence regarding the role of regional internet infrastructure in reducing regional per capita income disparities. We base our study on the assumptions that (1) the diffusion of information homogenizes regional economies through reducing the dissimilarities in institutions and culture, and (2) the telecommunication capacity, represented by the internet infrastructure of a region, facilitates this flow of information. Using the data from the 26 statistical NUTS‐2 regions of Turkey for the period 1999–2011, we find evidence that internet infrastructure increases the speed of regional convergence.     

恩施州经济发展与交通基础设施建设分析

通过对区域经济的发展理论进行研究,得出了恩施州当前经济发展的主要模式—交通基础设施建设,并分析了交通基础设施建设对地区发展的重要意义。提出了地区交通基础设施建设的战略目标及具体规划措施。     

Computer modeling and reliability evaluation of steel through truss bridges

The need for determining an effective means for modeling and evaluating existing bridges, particularly for those exceeding their design life, is apparent in the United States infrastructure. In this study a representative through truss bridge is chosen for analysis and modeling comparison. Interpretation of the AASHTO loading for this bridge is presented. Bridge models are identified and both deterministic and probabilistic evaluation methods are used. Results for two two-dimensional models, one composed entirely of truss elements and one containing beam and truss elements, are presented and discussed.     

基于非参数Malmquist指数方法的我国基础设施投资生产率研究

综合包括地区生产总值等指标在内的多项指标作为衡量基础设施投资产出效果的指标,更能全面地反映基础设施投资的绩效。通过应用非参数的DEA方法,计算我国1999～2006年的基础设施投资的Malmquist生产率指数,克服了参数方法只能用一个指标衡量基础设施投资绩效的不足,并对基础设施投资的效率变动进行分析。研究结果表明,我国基础设施投资对经济拉动的作用正逐渐变小,同时由过去注重通过加大基础设施投入促进沿海地区的经济发展,正逐步向关注中西部地区的基础设施投入对经济发展促进作用的转移;同时,我国基础设施投资规模效率,正逐年有所改善,各地区的基础设施配置的纯技术效率变化不大,表明我国的基础设施投资仍可按照目前的投资规模稳步进行;而改变目前生产率逐年衰退的关键是推进基础设施投资的技术创新,推进基础设施投资与配置的生产技术前沿。     

Telecommunications and transportation infrastructure: inter- and intra-sectoral borders — perspectives from Australia and the US

A growing body of literature suggests that the segregation of infrastructure and urban/regional planning is at the root of contemporary problems facing many of the world's metropolitan areas. More recently, the introduction of new telecommunication infrastructure highlights the invisible borders that exist within critical infrastructure that provide advantages to some areas such as transportation and disadvantages to others. This paper attempts to understand the nature of inter-sectoral and intra-sectoral borders across infrastructure in Australia and the US. It examines the sometimes contradicting market-led vs. government-led models adopted in the two countries to deliver broadband communications and transportation. The findings identify similarities and differences between the two countries, and reiterate that in order to achieve social equity, and enhance the provision of infrastructure to non-pro?table areas, government intervention is required. The paper concludes with a call for performance-based policies that go beyond traditional borders in an effort to better address the contemporary wicked planning problems.     

城市产业结构升级的城市化响应研究

认为从广义层面上看,产业结构升级是产业结构知识化、外向化、生态化、整合化有机结合的演变过程,并从城市空间扩展、城市新区开发、城市职能体系变化、城市化规模扩张等方面对产业结构升级城市化响应理论进行了系统分析。从长春市产业与城市发展面临的现实问题出发,剖析了长春市产业结构升级城市化响应的限制性因素,对未来长春市产业结构的城市化响应进行了趋势分析,认为产业结构升级与城市性质的功能定位、城市功能地域空间结构的优化与整合、大都市区体系构建与区域城市化推进、县市域经济突破与城乡一体化、区域基础设施建设与生态环境整治等五个方面应是未来长春市产业结构升级城市化响应的战略重点。     

东北老工业城市收缩的驱动力分析

以东北老工业城市--四平市为研究区,应用收缩度模型在对2001-2016年四平市城市收缩度进行测算分析的基础上,借助SPSS软件,对四平市城市收缩的驱动力进行主成分分析。研究结果:1)四平市自2012年人口开始流失(SSD>0),出现城市收缩的现象,且收缩度不断上升。2)2001-2016年四平市城市收缩的的驱动力分别是经济、社会、人口因素中的产业结构、人民生活水平、基础设施建设、土地利用与人口因子,其中,产业结构、人民生活水平是主控因子,为第一主成分,基础设施建设为第二主成分,土地利用为第三主成分,人口因子为第四主成分。并通过进一步的驱动机制分析,将经济发展与人民生活水平的降低看作区域经济发展的不平衡性。3)四平市城市收缩的驱动因素之间是相互关联、相互作用的。单一的产业结构是区域经济发展不平衡、基础设施建设、人口等其他驱动因素产生的根源所在。4)应促进产业结构优化升级,提高人民生活水平;以城市废弃和闲置用地为依托,改善城市基础设施建设,改善城市生态环境,提高城市宜居性;出台优惠政策,吸引高精尖人才回流;调整城市用地的空间布局,打造紧凑型城市空间结构,促进城市的良性发展。