Mode purity comparison of optical vortices generated by a segmented deformable mirror and a static multilevel phase plate

We present a mode purity comparison between optical vortices (OVs) generated by a static multilevel phase plate with 16 or 32 phase steps and a vortex generated with a segmented deformable mirror with 37 actuators. Computer simulations show the intensity and phase of the vortices generated with the two methods. The deformable mirror, by being reconfigurable, shows better mode purity for high charge OVs, while the static phase plate mode efficiency declines due to the fixed number phase quantization.     

Design of an interferometric system for the measurement of phasing errors in segmented mirrors

One of the new problems that has to be solved for segmented mirrors is related to periodic phasing, because for such mirrors to exhibit diffraction-limited performance the segments have to be positioned with an accuracy of a fraction of a wavelength. We describe the optical design of an instrument that measures the phasing errors (i.e., tip, tilt, and piston) between two segments under daylight conditions. Its design is based on a high-aperture white-light Michelson interferometer. It was developed at the Center for Sensors, Instruments and Systems Development (CD6) of the Technical University of Catalunya, Spain, and its final testing was carried out on the Gran Telescopio Canarias test workbench.     

Characterization and closed-loop performance of a liquid mirror adaptive optical system

A deformable mirror based on the principle of total internal reflection of light from an electrostatically deformed liquid-air interface was realized and used to perform closed-loop adaptive optical (AO) correction on a collimated laser beam aberrated by a rotating phase disk. Equations describing the resonant and oscillatory behavior of the liquid system were obtained and applied to the system under consideration. Characterization of the mirror included open- and closed-loop frequency responses, determination of rise times, the damping times of the liquid, and the influence of liquid surface motion in the absence of external optical aberrations. The performance of the AO system was determined for static and dynamic aberrations for various sets of system parameters. The predictions of the general expressions were compared to the results of the experimental realization and were found to be in good agreement.     

Dispersion characteristics of segmented optical fibers

A direct scalar two-dimensional routine based on the method of lines is implemented to analyze the dispersion characteristics of segmented fibers. In this kind of structure, dispersion control in a simple profile is achieved by variations in the filling ratio of the coaxiallike structure.     

光学系统仿真软件Seelight在自适应光学上的应用

光学系统仿真软件Seelight是一款可以模拟光束产生、大气传输与自适应光束控制等光学系统的具有自主知识产权的系统仿真软件,为光学系统应用研究提供了有效的仿真工具。本文首先介绍了Seelight软件的基本构架、运行界面和主要模型库包含的模块,并利用自适应光学相关的基本模型搭建了自适应光学仿真系统,模拟了PZT变形镜模块和哈特曼波前波传感器模块构成自适应光学仿真系统通过校正光束大气传输的波前畸变来提高远场光斑的光束质量的过程。验证了在不同的湍流强度下,自适应光学仿真系统的校正效果随着湍流强度的增加,校正残差大幅增加。利用Seelight软件可以对包含自适应光学系统的各种光学系统进行仿真建模,并可以对系统进行有效的验证分析和优化设计。

     

Correction of the flow coefficient of segmented diaphragms

A procedure is considered for correcting the flow coefficient of segmented diaphragms for the bluntness of the inlet-lip edge and the increased roughness of the supply conduit for flange and radial pressure tapping. The correction procedure is based on the results of an experiment carried out with segmented diaphragms with an opening of relative area of m=0.5–0.96.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 2, pp. 32–35, February, 1994.     

Correction of anisoplanatic phase errors in digital holography

The quality of coherent images computed from digital holography or heterodyne array data is sensitive to phase errors of the reference and/or object beams. A number of algorithms exist for correcting phase errors in or very near the hologram plane. In the case of phase errors introduced a nonnegligible distance away from hologram plane, the resulting imagery exhibits anisoplanatism. A feature of coherent imaging is that such phase errors may be corrected by simply propagating the aberrated fields (from the object) from the hologram plane to the plane where the phase errors were introduced and applying the phase-error correction algorithms to the fields in that plane. We present experimental results that demonstrate correction of such anisoplanatic phase errors.     

星载自适应光学系统信标技术与理论

由于重力场、温度场、光学器件等产生波前误差,造成航空详查相机的分辨力和测量精度降低,用自适应光学钠导星信标系统对这种波前误差进行校正是一种理想的方法。通过对钠导星信标产生原理进行分析,提出了钠导星信标理论模型,并且在该模型的基础上进行了仿真实验,在实验中得到相机高度在250-400km高空时激光器最佳脉冲能量值在597-1530mJ之间,激光脉宽则在5.4-7.1ns之间,这些实验数据对实际应用有一定的参考价值。     

Compact adaptive optical system based on blind optimization and a micromachined membrane deformable mirror

We describe and demonstrate an adaptive optical system based on the combination of a micromachined membrane deformable mirror and the stochastic parallel gradient descent control algorithm. This compact and relatively inexpensive adaptive optical system is used to maximize the coupling of a distorted laser beam into a single-mode optical fiber. The coupling efficiency is improved by 12 dB, and the coupling efficiency after correction is 64% of the diffraction-limited coupling efficiency.     

Modeling the combined effect of static and varying phase distortions on the performance of adaptive optical systems

The end-to-end performance achieved by an adaptive optical (AO) imaging system is determined by a combination of the residual time-varying phase distortions associated with atmospheric turbulence and the quasi-static unsensed and uncorrectable aberrations in the optical system itself. Although the effects of these two errors on the time-averaged Strehl ratio and the time-averaged optical transfer function (OTF) of the AO system are not formally separable, such an approximation is found to be accurate to within a few percent for a range of representative residual wave-front errors. In these calculations, we combined static optical system aberrations and time-varying residual phase distortion characteristics of a deformable mirror fitting error, wave-front sensor noise, and anisoplanatism. The static aberrations consist of focus errors of varying magnitudes as well as a combination of unsensed and uncorrectable mirror figure errors derived from modeling by the Gemini 8-Meter Telescopes Project. The overall Strehl ratios and OTF's that are due to the combined effect of these error sources are well approximated as products of separate factors for the static and time-varying aberrations, as long as the overall Strehl ratio that is due to both errors is greater than approximately 0.1. For lower Strehl ratios, the products provide lower bounds on the actual values of the Strehl ratio and the OTF. The speckle transfer function is also well approximated by a product of two functions, but only where AO compensation is sufficiently good that speckle imaging techniques are usually not required.     

Polytomous modeling of cognitive errors in computer adaptive testing

In the past two decades of psychometric research, an array of extended item response models has been proposed to capture the complex nature of human cognition. While the literature abounds in model fit analysis, the debate on model selection in different testing conditions continues. This study examines the problems of model selection in computer adaptive testing (CAT) of cognitive errors by comparing the relative measurement efficiency of polytomous modeling over dichotomous modeling under different scoring schemes and termination criteria. Monte Carlo simulation was adopted as the inquiry paradigm to generate 1000 subjects and 100 items in the calibration sample and 200 simulees in the CAT sample. The results suggest that polytomous CAT yields marginal gains over dichotomous CAT when termination criteria are more stringent (shorter test length or smaller standard error of ability estimate). When the conventional dichotomous scoring scheme is adopted, in which all partially correct answers are scored as incorrect, polytomous CAT cannot prevent the non-uniform gain in test information as was observed in paper-and-pencil testing.     

Correction of error motion in a line-scanning tomographic optical microscope

A line-scanning tomographic optical microscope system requires precise rotation of the scanning line. Center of rotation error introduced by both the imprecision of optical and mechanical components is studied experimentally and via simulations. It was shown that a practical tolerance limit can be chosen where the influence of the investigated error on the reconstructed image quality remains insignificant. An effective and simply practical solution was presented to keep the center of rotation error below this tolerance limit and the spatial resolution of the reconstructed image close to the diffraction limit.