过氧化物固化的不饱和聚酯粉末涂料的研制

合成了端基封闭型柔韧性不饱和聚酯树脂，研制了相应的过氧化物固化的不饱和聚酯粉末涂料，讨论了树脂合成及固化对粉末涂料的影响，保持了粉末涂料的装饰性能及耐候性能，改善了粉末涂料的柔韧性能。     

过氧化物固化的不饱和聚酯粉末涂料的研制

合成了端基封闭型柔韧性不饱和聚酯树脂，研制了相应的过氧化物固化的不饱和聚酯粉末涂料。讨论了树脂合成及固化对粉末涂料的影响，保持了粉末涂料的装饰性能及耐候性能，改善了粉末涂料的柔韧性能。     

低温固化聚酯/环氧粉末涂料研究

以聚酯树脂P-5127和环氧树脂E-12为固化主体,添加其它的助剂熔融共混制备低温固化聚酯/环氧粉末涂料。用红外光谱和差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究粉末涂料的固化反应,讨论了固化促进剂2-甲基咪唑(2-MI)用量对粉末涂料固化性能及涂膜性能的影响,确定了2-MI的用量;并对该配方进行非等温动力学分析得出了理论最佳固化温度等固化参数,在此基础上将粉末涂料涂装固化确定实际固化条件。结果表明:粉末涂料中聚酯的端羧基和环氧树脂的环氧基发生反应;随着2-MI用量的增加,固化温度先降低后增加,2-MI的较佳用量为0.4 g;最佳固化条件为:140℃、30 min或是150℃、20 min。     

苯甲酸缩水甘油酯固化型聚酯树脂的合成与性能研究

合成了一种适用于多元苯甲酸缩水甘油酯(PT910)固化的粉末涂料用聚酯树脂,分别讨论了固化剂对粉末涂料玻璃化温度(Tg)的影响、原材料2,6-萘二甲酸(NDA)对聚酯树脂Tg的影响、聚酯合成酸解封端剂对粉末涂料固化活性的影响、树脂黏度对涂料性能以及固化促进剂的影响。     

紫外光固化粉末涂料用树脂的合成和表征

通过羧基型聚酯和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)反应合成了紫外光(UV)固化粉末涂料用聚酯丙烯酸酯树脂。研究了催化剂、阻聚剂种类和浓度以及反应温度对羧基转化率和紫外光固化涂膜交联度的影响,用红外光谱(FT-IR)分析了树脂的结构,用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)测定了紫外光固化树脂的玻璃化转变温度和熔点。结果表明合成的树脂满足了UV固化粉末涂料用树脂的要求。     

半结晶聚酯树脂的合成及其低温固化超耐候粉末涂料的应用

分别采用一步法合成了羧基封端的半结晶聚酯树脂和低温固化超耐候聚酯树脂,并将其制备成粉末涂料。采用差示扫描量热仪（ DSC）、 X射线衍射仪（ XRD）、傅立叶变换红外光谱（ FT-IR）和紫外光试验箱（ QUVB）对聚酯树脂物理和化学结构及低温固化超耐候粉末涂料性能进行了研究,最后比较了不同结构的半结晶聚酯树脂在低温和常规固化超耐候粉末涂料的性能区别。结果表明：与常规固化相比,半结晶聚酯 CP的加入,对低温固化超耐候基本无影响,当 CP使用量为树脂总量的 10%~15%时,能够显著提高低温固化超耐候聚酯粉末涂料的机械性能和耐丙酮擦拭性能,降低体系的黏度,提高粉末涂层的流平,但会少量降低耐候性;与 CP相比,低残羟的半结晶聚酯 CP0的耐中性盐雾性更好。     

节能型聚酯/环氧粉末涂料研究

合成了具有低温固化基团的不饱和聚酯树脂,并将其应用于低温固化的聚酯/环氧粉末涂料中,讨论了树脂合成、涂料配方及固化剂与促进剂对粉末涂料的影响,在保证粉末涂料涂膜各项优异性能基础上降低了固化温度,延长了涂料的贮存稳定性,减少了能耗。     

羟烷基酰胺的合成与应用进展

粉末涂料具有环保、经济、性能卓越的优点，目前受到涂料界的广泛关注，其在家用电器、汽车、机械等领域的应用越来越广。羟烷基酰胺作为一种粉末涂料用固化剂，可用于羧基聚酯粉末涂料的固化。与异氰脲酸三缩水甘油酯（TGIC）固化剂相比，二者固化涂膜的性能相当，但羟烷基酰胺毒性低、反应活性和储存稳定性好且涂膜可低温固化，因此羟烷基酰胺有可能逐步取代TGIC。羟烷基酰胺的合成方法有多条途径，其中以二元羧酸酯与醇胺经氨解反应和酰氯与醇胺经氨解反应为主。在系统综述羟烷基酰胺合成方法基础上，简述了其在粉末涂料方面的应用进展。     

水性超支化聚氨酯丙烯酸酯的结构及光固化动力学研究

以水性超支化聚氨酯丙烯酸酯为研究对象,通过傅里叶变换红外光谱研究了其合成过程中主要活性基团变化,并结合核磁共振氢谱及核磁共振碳谱分析合成树脂的结构,结果表明:实验合成得到了目标产物水性超支化聚氨酯丙烯酸酯.对涂膜紫外光固化动力学的研究表明,分子结构中羧基及不饱和双键含量对固化速度及最终双键转化率有重要影响,双键最终转化...     

聚酯树脂母粒的合成及应用

合成了可调控粉末涂料固化速度的聚酯树脂母粒,并将其应用到聚酯/异氰脲酸三缩水甘油酯(TGIC)粉末涂料中。运用DSC研究了其粉末涂料的固化曲线,同时对配制的粉末涂料进行涂层性能的测试。结果表明:在保证粉末涂料优异耐冲击性的基础上,聚酯树脂母粒的加入可以降低粉末涂料的固化温度或缩短固化时间,从而减少能耗、降低成本。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。