半结晶聚酯树脂的合成及其低温固化超耐候粉末涂料的应用

分别采用一步法合成了羧基封端的半结晶聚酯树脂和低温固化超耐候聚酯树脂,并将其制备成粉末涂料。采用差示扫描量热仪（ DSC）、 X射线衍射仪（ XRD）、傅立叶变换红外光谱（ FT-IR）和紫外光试验箱（ QUVB）对聚酯树脂物理和化学结构及低温固化超耐候粉末涂料性能进行了研究,最后比较了不同结构的半结晶聚酯树脂在低温和常规固化超耐候粉末涂料的性能区别。结果表明：与常规固化相比,半结晶聚酯 CP的加入,对低温固化超耐候基本无影响,当 CP使用量为树脂总量的 10%~15%时,能够显著提高低温固化超耐候聚酯粉末涂料的机械性能和耐丙酮擦拭性能,降低体系的黏度,提高粉末涂层的流平,但会少量降低耐候性;与 CP相比,低残羟的半结晶聚酯 CP0的耐中性盐雾性更好。     

QUV（UVA）在纯聚酯粉末涂料中应用初探

采用QUV（UVA）实验室人工加速对聚酯/TGIC粉末涂料耐老化性能进行测试,研究了聚酯树脂的组成结构和耐老化性能之间的关联性,同时也介绍了颜填料和助剂等因素对耐老化性能的影响。     

聚酯结晶性对其润湿分散颜填料的影响研究

用分步缩合聚合法合成了不同结晶度的聚酯树脂,用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)对不同结晶度聚酯进行了表征,并利用改性测高法测定了不同结晶度聚酯树脂在熔融状态下对颜填料的润湿性,同时通过研究不同结晶度聚酯在粉末涂料中表现出的表观性能,进而探讨了结晶聚酯在热结晶过程中即低于熔融温度下的结晶过程在粉末涂料中对颜填料的润湿分散性影响,得出结晶聚酯不影响粉末涂料的挤出混合效果,但在颜填料添加量大时,会影响涂膜的表观性能。     

2,6-萘二甲酸在粉末涂料用聚酯树脂中的应用研究

用2,6-萘二甲酸(HNDA)部分替代对苯二甲酸(PTA)合成了聚酯树脂,并以其制备了粉末涂料。通过差示扫描量热仪、热失重仪和人工加速老化实验对聚酯树脂及粉末涂料的性能进行了研究,对比了PTA/HNDA配比对聚酯酯化时间、聚酯树脂玻璃化转变温度(Tg)、聚酯树脂的热稳定性及粉末涂层光泽、耐热性能及耐老化性能的影响,发现以HNDA替换PTA有利于提高聚酯树脂的Tg、热稳定性,粉末涂层的光泽、耐热性及耐水煮性能,但降低了聚酯树脂的酯化效率和涂层的耐老化性能。     

户外高流平粉末涂料用半结晶聚酯树脂的合成研究

研究了在不同单体、配比和工艺条件下合成的粉末涂料用半结晶聚酯树脂的流变性能;通过XRD、DSC表征半结晶聚酯树脂的结晶度及熔点,并讨论了各因素对聚酯树脂结晶性能的影响,同时考察了以其制备的粉末涂层的性能。     

HAA体系低温固化干混消光粉末涂料用低酸值聚酯树脂的合成及性能研究

通过考察聚酯配方中的二元醇单体的作用,研究酸解剂对涂层性能的影响,并在聚酯中加入特殊搭配的光稳定剂,合成得到了适用于制备羟烷基酰胺（ HAA）体系低温固化干混消光粉末涂料的低酸值聚酯树脂,同时研究了粉末涂料的固化反应。结果表明：该粉末涂料具有较低的活化能,制备涂层可以实现 160 ℃低温固化,消光光泽约为 28,涂层具有良好的耐冲击性和耐老化性能,综合性能优异。     

聚酯-丙烯酸低光泽粉末涂料的研究

介绍了一种丙烯酸消光树脂在粉末涂料中的应用，讨论了该消光树脂用于聚酯固化粉末涂料的消光性。探索了聚酯树脂，助剂以及消光树脂与聚酯树脂的配比对涂膜性能的影响，制得性能优良的聚酯－丙烯酸低光泽粉末涂料。     

聚酯(PET)回收料制备粉末涂料用聚酯树脂的合成研究

介绍了如何利用聚酯(PET)回收料制备粉末涂料用聚酯树脂。在制备聚酯过程中,分别考察了聚酯回收料和多元醇的种类对醇解反应的影响,同时也讨论了多元醇的种类和聚酯回收料的用量对聚酯树脂性能的影响。最终合成的聚酯树脂性能与常规聚酯性能相当,可以满足室内涂装的使用要求。     

促进剂对聚酯环氧粉末涂料性能的影响

研究了不同促进剂品种对聚酯环氧粉末涂料与涂膜性能的影响,同一种促进剂品种对不同聚酯树脂品种配制聚酯环氧粉末涂料与涂膜性能的影响,以及不同催化剂用量对同一种聚酯环氧粉末涂料与涂膜性能的影响。通过选择合适的促进剂品种、用量以及与合适的树脂品种匹配,才能达到粉末涂料的适宜的反应活性和优良的涂膜机械性能。     

亚光粉末涂料用60/40混合型聚酯的制备及其性能研究

研究了三羟甲基丙烷、二甘醇和乙二醇对聚酯树脂消光性能的影响,制备了一种适用于聚酯/环氧体系亚光粉末涂料用60/40聚酯树脂,同时针对该聚酯在亚光粉末涂料中的应用展开了与消光剂适应性和烘烤炉温适应性的研究。试验结果表明：合成的60/40消光聚酯与不同种类消光剂匹配性好,同时烘烤炉温波动对粉末涂料性能影响较小,利用该聚酯制备的亚光粉末涂料还具有良好的机械性能和平整细腻的外观。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。