CO气相催化偶联合成草酸酯的研究进展

综述了近年来CO气相催化偶联合成草酸酯的研究进展,重点从催化剂、工艺条件(包括原料气组成、反应条件和亚硝酸甲酯的再生条件)等方面进行了阐述,讨论了催化剂的制备条件和工艺条件对催化剂性能的影响;介绍了CO气相催化偶联合成草酸酯的动力学和反应机理的研究进展。目前CO气相催化偶联合成草酸酯的工艺基本成熟,具备了工业化应用的基础,具有很好的发展前景。但是仍需要对高性能催化剂的研制和工艺条件的优化进行深入研究,以加快工业化进程。     

CO合成草酸二乙酯偶联与再生反应匹配的研究

在偶联反应和再生反应动力学和反应机理研究的基础上，计算机模拟了在负载型Pd催化剂上，CO与亚硝酸乙酯气相偶联制备草酸二乙酯，反应生成的NO与乙醇发生再生反应这一洁净工艺过程。根据模拟结果，模型放大试验实现了偶联反应和再生反应的有机匹配，基本上达到了污染物的零排放。     

气相法亚硝酸乙酯再生反应的研究

一氧化气相碳偶联合成草酸二乙酯(DEO)在过去几十年来已引起了广泛兴趣。该过程涉及两个反应:一氧化碳偶联生成DEO的反应和亚硝酸乙酯(EN)的再生反应。这两个反应同时发生,因此只要再生反应速度与偶联反应速度彼此匹配,该系统可构成一个闭路的稳定循环系统。本文研究了一种EN再生气相反应器,以替代以往的副反应严重、乙醇循环能耗高的鼓泡反应器。研究发现气相法EN再生反应的最佳工艺条件为:反应温度80℃,n(乙醇)/n(NO)为1.5～2,n(NO)/n(O2)为6～8,(φN2)为15%～30%,停留时间为24s～29s。     

一氧化碳和亚硝酸酯合成草酸酯和草酸

研究了在Ｐｄ／α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上，一氧化碳和亚硝酸酯偶联合成草酸酯、草酸酯水解、副产ＮＯ再生成亚硝酸酯的反应。其催化活性为１０００ｈ，平均时空产率为：６１１．５ｇＤＭＯ／Ｌｃａｔ·ｈ，草酸酯水解为草酸的收率＞９８％，ＮＯ回收率＞９５－％。提出一氧化碳偶联反应机理     

千吨级煤基合成气制乙二醇中试装置在安徽淮化开车成功

2010年12月,在安徽淮化建设的千吨级煤基合成气制乙二醇中试装置开车成功。该装置由华东理工大学、上海浦景化工技术有限公司和安徽淮化集团合作共同开发。该装置于2010年1月开工建设,设计产能为1 kt/a乙二醇产品,包括亚酯再生、偶联羰化、酯加氢、乙二醇产品精制四部分。该装置现已打通全流程并稳定运行1个月,取得     

CO_2与环氧化物多相催化合成环状碳酸酯的研究进展

综述了由CO2和环氧化物多相催化偶联反应合成环状碳酸酯的研究进展,重点讨论了用于该反应的主要催化剂如MgO、MgO-Al2O3、改性ETS-10分子筛、负载型有机金属配合物催化剂等,并比较了它们的催化活性、选择性和稳定性。与传统的金属氧化物、分子筛类多相催化剂相比,由一些有机金属配合物均相催化剂“多相化”得到的负载型催化剂表现出更好的催化性能,是一类具有潜在开发应用前景的催化剂。同时介绍并对比了一些催化剂催化CO2和环氧化物偶联反应的机理,弱酸性的CO2和弱碱性的环氧化物在催化剂的酸-碱性位协同催化作用下可快速进行反应。     

草酸酯合成中钯催化剂载体的研究进展

草酸酯是煤制乙二醇的中间体,通常采用负载型钯基催化剂催化一氧化碳气相偶联的方法合成,而催化剂载体对催化剂性能有很大影响。本文综述了近年来用于该反应体系的钯基催化剂的载体的研究进展,介绍了不同载体制备的催化剂的催化性能,总结了不同类型载体的结构特点及反应优缺点,重点分析了不同的α-Al_2O_3载体对钯催化剂催化活性的影响,分别从载体的孔结构、载体改性、杂质含量等方面进行论述,展望了草酸酯合成催化剂载体未来的研究方向。     

CO偶联反应制草酸二甲酯本征动力学的研究

研究了CO偶联反应制草酸二甲酯(DMO)的本征反应动力学。根据最新的机理研究的结果,提出了新的本征动力学模型。根据动力学实验数据发现催化剂表面反应是CO偶联反应的控制步骤。此外,通过动力学研究获得了CO偶联反应制DMO的本征反应动力学方程。     

Pd-Fe/α-Al_2O_3催化CO偶联制草酸二乙酯催化剂临氢失活研究

一氧化碳常压气相催化偶联制草酸二乙酯的反应中,由于氢的引入致使偶联反应催化剂Pd-Fe/α-Al2O3失活。研究了不同氢含量条件下催化剂失活以及失活催化剂再生规律,发现催化剂的失活为可逆的,且失活速率随原料气中氢含量的增加而加快。应用X射线光电子能谱、程序升温还原等方法对催化剂中Pd的形态变化进行了分析,发现临氢失活催化剂比反应后催化剂的Pd2+含量要低得多。结果表明,原料气中氢的存在抑制了二价钯的烷氧基中间体Pd(OC2H5)2在催化剂上的产生,从而抑制了草酸二乙酯的生成,导致了催化剂的失活。     

H_2对CO偶联制备草酸二甲酯反应影响的研究

考察了H2对CO偶联反应合成草酸二甲酯(DMO)反应的影响。发现催化剂钯表面的吸附先后顺序为H2、亚硝酸甲酯、CO。随着H2浓度的升高,甲酸甲酯会大量生成,甲醇也会生成,偶联反应产物DMO和副产物碳酸二甲酯的生成明显减少,并初步探讨了H2对偶联反应造成影响的原因。确定了一个H2对反应产生影响的最小值,抑制H2影响的有效手段是加大反应气体的线速度。     

阿姆河右岸酸性气田井口冲蚀及对策

中亚土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸气田群为高含H_2S和CO_2的碳酸盐岩气藏,单井产量高,井口设备均出现了不同程度的腐蚀。初步分析认为其原因是生产过程中仅考虑酸性介质对气井井口的化学腐蚀,而没有考虑气体流速对井口的冲蚀作用,极大地影响了气田的安全生产。为此,通过对节流阀上下游阀道、法兰面均出现明显坑状腐蚀的进一步分析,明确了化学腐蚀和气体冲蚀的交互作用是井口磨损的主要影响因素,气流冲刷腐蚀坑的化学腐蚀产物会加速冲蚀损害;进而借鉴冲蚀与腐蚀运行环境下的多相管流管道的磨损计算理论,计算了该运行环境下的冲蚀极限速度,得到了不同生产工况下节流阀的抗冲蚀流量;最后,根据气田生产情况,针对性地提出了按气井配产要求来选择采气树类型、节流阀通径及类型冲蚀的技术控制策略。此举为气田安全生产提供了工程技术保障。     

山前地区深井超深井套管防磨与减磨技术研究

针对山前地区深井超深井钻井过程中套管磨损严重的问题,在分析套管磨损机理的基础上,开展了山前地区套管防磨与减磨技术研究,基于技术研究成果及应用实践,得到如下结论:1应用Power V等垂直钻井系统控制井眼轨迹,特别是上部井段的狗腿度和井斜,可明显减小侧向力和磨损量,缩短套管磨损时间;2应综合考虑套管磨损率、磨损系数以及钻杆耐磨带本身的磨损量,优选出效果最优的耐磨带;在狗腿度严重的位置,可考虑采用一定数量的橡胶钻杆卡箍来减轻对套管的磨损;3山前地区钻井液采用CX-300减磨剂能够显著降低磨损速率,减轻套管磨损程度,但在不同钻井液体系使用之前应进行优化分析以确定最佳使用量;4在迪那204井使用高密度钻井液体系,全部采用优选的高密度重晶石粉代替铁矿粉作为加重剂,整个钻进过程中未出现钻具及套管磨损,迪那204井易损件消耗量仅为邻井迪那203井的左右,防磨减磨效果非常显著。     

Biodiesel Projects Helpful to Ease Energy Shortage

Nearly 7,000 hectares of biodiesel forest will take shape in the northern province of Hebei in 2008, part of a national campaign to fuel the fast growing economy in a green way. In no more than five years, the Pistacia chinensis Bunge, whose seeds have an oil content of up to 40 percent, will yield five tons of fruit and contribute about two tons of high-quality biological diesel oil, according to the provincial forestry administration.     

State Energy Base Proposed in Inner Mongolia

Experts recently suggested China set up a state energy base in lnner Mongolia Autonomous Region to ease its energy thirst. The survey was co-conducted by senior researchers from the National Development and Reform Commission, Development Research Center of the State Council, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Finance. To plan and establish strategic energy bases at state level is in line with the principle of ＂giving priority to energy saving and diversifying energy consumption with the utility of coal at the core.＂     

Influence of Shale Oil Boom in North America upon nternational Crude Price Flucturation

正Current stituation of shale oil development in the world The US The country is blessed with abundant shale oil resources and had matersed whole sets of theories and technologies needed for their exploration and development after years of practices.According to an assessment of shale oil resources in major countries and regions of the world issued by the U.S.Energy Information Agency(EIA),the US ranks the second in the world with its 6.8 billion tons of technically recoverable shale oil(shale oil in place is about 136.3 tons).About 8plays had been confirmed to have     

A Sintering-resistant Pd/C Composite Catalyst for Ethylbenzene DehydrogenationDeveloped by CAS Institute of Metals

Carbon deposition is a commonplace phenomenon occurringin the catalytic reaction process, in particular inthe system of direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene,because the reactant - ethylbenzene molecules on thesurface of metal oxide catalysts are prone to quickly formcarbon deposits, leading to deactivation of catalysts. Recently,the associate research fellow Mr. Liu Hongyangand the research fellow Mr. Su Dangsheng of the StateShenyang Material Science （United ） Laboratory of theInstitute of Metal Research, CAS by taking advantageof the carbon deposition process during direct dehydrogenationof ethylbenzene have ingeniously designeda Pd/C composite catalyst. This catalyst in comparisonwith the traditional commercial carbon nanotubesupported Pd catalyst shows a significantly improved performancein terms of its catalytic activity and sinteringresistantability.     

ZPEB Overseas Markets Keep Steady and Efficient Development

In recent years, Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau （ZPEB） has made rapid development in overseas petroleum markets through its integrated reorganization. A new international business plattbrm established, aimed at becoming a highly ranked contractor with international petroleum engineering technology. ZPEB has expanded its business scope and scale, regulated the market structure,     

New Era for China-Brazil Relations

China and Brazil celebrated the 40th anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations between the two countries in July this year. Bilateral relations between China and Brazil have entered a new stage, and experts expect the already extensive cooperation between the two countries to deepen and broaden as Chinese President Xi Jinping made a state visit to Brazil in mid-July, which is his first state visit to Brazil since he assumed the office last year. The visit to China＇s largest trade partner in Latin America is at the invitation of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff.     

Large Scale Ethylene Production Package Technology SuccessfullyDeveloped by CNPC

The CNPC Group has successfully developed a largescaleethylene production package technology with independentintellectual property rights, which has beensuccessfully applied in the 1.2 Mt/a ethylene revamp andexpansion project at the Daqing Petrochemical Complex（DPC）.     

Recent Advancements in Petroleum E & P Equipments in China

The role of equipments in oil and gas exploration and development had never been attached with so much importance as that in shale oil and gas boom in the U.S. With the help of massive hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling techniques, the U.S., the world＇s No. 1 oil importer even started to dream about energy self-sufficiency with its proudly high production of shale oil and gas from several major shale plays in the country. However, what behind this remarkable achievement are powerful multi-stage hydraulic fracturing machinery and smart tools for directional drilling.