石化行业作业岗位可靠性影响因素分析

研究用专家问卷调查的方法分析石化企业作业岗位可靠性影响因素。通过因素分析确立了石化行业作业岗位可靠性４项主要影响因素及其因子负荷，即作业因素、作业条件因素、设备与作业性质因素。研究结果为易燃易爆作业岗位人的可靠性因素的评价研究提供主要评价因素和评价项目的基础；分析结果对石化企业的安全管理和提高作业岗位可靠性也具有一定的现实指导意义。     

工作研究在流水线平整中的应用

以某企业激光头基座准备(又称H-S准备)生产线为研究对象，运用模特法及秒表测时法测定了流水线各工位的作业时间，找出了影响流水线生产能力的瓶颈工位和能力过剩工位；运用“5W1H”提问技术，分析流水线在设备能力、定员、任务分配、工艺内容及流水线布局等方面存在的问题；根据ECRS(取消、合并、重排、简化)原则及流水线平整理论设计了流水线平整方案，包括对现有设备的改进、相关工位作业内容的重新分配、调整部分工位的设备和人员、减少个别工位的机器作业时间、对生产线重新布局及实行分段管理等。新方案的实施使生产线生产能力提高61．4％，定员减少111人，年人工成本降低92．24万元，生产现场的环境得到了较大改善。     

中型企业岗位作业规范的编制

一 岗位作业规范的定义 岗位作业规范是企业行为规范的组成部分(行为规范包括行政指令、管理规章、技术标准、岗位规范),主要是对人的行为所作的规定。 制定岗位作业规范就是企业为了保证生产和经营活动的顺利、协调、有效地进行,达到确保工作质量和产品优质高效的目的,而对     

基于工作研究的操作者岗位技能标准确定方法研究

本文介绍了制造业作业现场操作者岗位技能研究的现状,阐述了岗位技能分析的内容,提出了岗位技能确定新的方法。新方法以工作研究技术为基础,以标准工作流程为依据,分析操作人员完成工作流程所要达到的技能,从而形成了岗位技能标准,并用新方法对一个实例进行了分析。     

电源适配器生产现场改善与装配线平衡

以某企业电源适配器EA1xx型号产线为研究对象,通过模特法和秒表测时法测定流水线各工位的作业时间,找出了流水线上的瓶颈工位。运用"5W1H"的方法分析流水线在任务分配、定员、工序的安排和作业工具等方面存在的问题。根据ECRS的原则和流水线平整的方法,提出了相关作业内容的重新分配、工具设备的改进、工位作业时间和人员的调整及加强对产线的巡检力度等方法。新方法的实施使产线的产量提高23%,产线平衡率提高12.26%,年节省人工费用31 050元,每小时产量提高46台,生产现场的环境得到了较大改善。     

大营销体制下电力服务的新实践

大营销体制运行后，县级公司营销管理与电力服务面临一些新情况，主要表现在：一是管理权限上移对服务质量带来新影响；二是工作协调不畅对用户工程投运带来新环节；三是岗位定员紧缺对营销管理带来新矛盾。     

运用流程程序分析方法再造局部生产流程

硫化与质检车间之间的生产线是M公司生产的瓶颈。章运用流程程序分析方法对生产线生产流程和现场布置进行了分析，并提出流程程序和现场布置的再造方案。新方案的实施达到了提高生产能力、减少定员、降低劳动强度、提高空间利用率的目的。     

工业工程在企业管理组织系统改进中的应用

运用工业工程（ＩＥ）在企业管理组织上进行改进是切实可行的，也是目前一项较为科学合理的综合测评方法。石家庄建筑机械股份有限公司通过实际动作，达到了减员增效的目的。经过课题的应用，我们测评出我厂二、三线岗位人员需要精减３０％。为了认真细致地保证成果的具体实施，我们不是急于求成，盲目地采取一刀切的简单办法，而是用３年时间分步实施。现在通过３年分步动作，使我单位精减二、三线岗位人员的工作扎扎实实地迈出了三大步。第一步于１９９６年４月完成了企业第一期定员定编工作，精减机构７个，减少管理岗位２６个，精减管理…     

护听器技术参数及其舒适性主观评价双极量表

对于不同的环境噪声岗位，环境噪声的声级可能相同，但是其能量分布的频率范围不同。作业人员佩戴同一个护听器，隔声效果有较大差异。针对不同的环境噪声筛选护听器，把环境噪声频率特性和护听器隔声特性二者结合，提出基于环境噪声特性的隔声指标。为提高与改善护听器舒适性提供技术途径，保持噪声岗位作业人员的听力和作业能力，研究与探讨护听器舒适性主观评价双极量表。     

家具封边作业的人体仿真测量与优化

目的对家具封边岗位的疲劳度进行测试,以人体工程学原理作为参考依据,对单边直线封边岗位工人的作业疲劳度进行深度剖析和优化。方法使用动素分析对封边作业的每一个连续动作进行分解,记录无效动作。再应用人体仿真软件3DSPSS构建虚拟的工厂环境,输入采集到的各种的人体尺寸和典型的作业姿势,并给虚拟的人指派任务,从而输出人体各种姿势下各部位的身体疲劳数据。结果工作岗位上人与人之间作业的不协调会增加无效动素,也增加了身体疲劳度;不断重复的弯腰动作会增加腰椎盘间的压力从而易造成腰椎间盘损伤;正常的直立或者前俯动作的腰椎间盘压力比弯腰、下蹲等作业姿势的压力较小;腿部的弯曲可以有效增大腿部和脚步的承受能力以及减少腰椎间盘压力。结论除了对工人的动作进行优化,调整工序和优化工人的某些不良的动作习惯是非常有效减缓疲劳的措施。     

Thermomechanical advantages of functionally graded dental posts: A finite element analysis

This study aimed to fabricate dental posts with functionally graded structures comprised of zirconia, titanium, and hydroxyapatite and compare their thermomechanical behavior with homogeneous zirconia and titanium posts in simulated models of upper central incisor. The results indicated the gradual behavior of functionally graded dental posts in terms of physical and mechanical properties. The finite element analysis revealed a more efficient equilibration to the oral environment after removing the thermal stress in functionally graded dental post compared to the homogeneous counterparts. Therefore, the functionally graded structures could reduce the stress/strain concentrations and interfacial stresses in root canal and minimize the likelihood of root fracture.     

五星级宾馆部分结构爆破拆除

待拆建筑物与主体结构相连 ,并处在离地面 17m的高度上 ,要求爆破时周围所有功能部门均须保持正常营业。根据上述特点 ,决定混凝土顶板和侧墙采用切割机分割和吊运的方法予以拆除 ,而钢筋混凝土梁和立柱则用爆破方法拆除。本文介绍了爆破参数设计、结构的力学分析、隔振技术和防护措施等     

The role of social media data in operations and production management

Social media data contain rich information in posts or comments written by customers. If those data can be extracted and analysed properly, companies can fully utilise this rich source of information. They can then convert the data to useful information or knowledge, which can help to formulate their business strategy. This cannot only facilitate marketing research in view of customer behaviour, but can also aid other management disciplines. Operations management (OM) research and practice with the objective to make decisions on product and process design is a fine example. Nevertheless, this line of thought is under-researched. In this connection, this paper explores the role of social media data in OM research. A structured approach is proposed, which involves the analysis of social media comments and a statistical cluster analysis to identify the interrelationships amongst important factors. A real-life example is employed to demonstrate the concept.     

Carbon fiber post adhesion to resin luting cement in the restoration of endodontically treated teeth

Carbon fiber posts (CFP) are widely used in the restoration of endodontically treated teeth to enhance the mechanical behavior in spite of metallic posts and to prevent vertical fractures of the tooth under chewing loads. The post is cemented inside the canal lumen using polymer resins with Young's modulus lower than Dentine. In this conditions the stress concentration is located at the post-cement interface and in the cement bulk itself, preserving radicular Dentine from dangerous stress accumulation. The mechanical resistance of CFP posts cemented in human Dentine was evaluated by the means of mechanical pull-out tests assisted by the finite element analysis. The average bond strength and the critical stress values of the CHP-cement interface were 25 MPa and 50 MPa respectively. ©2000 Kluwer Academic Publishers     

民航从业者工作压力研究:基于网络论坛资料的编码研究

本研究以某民航专业网络论坛的发贴信息作为编码材料,采用内容分析法,系统探讨了中国民航业3个有代表性的职业(管制员、飞行员和机务维修人员)知觉到的压力源。结果发现,国内的管制员、飞行员和机务维修人员面临的压力源包括:工作任务、组织限制、职业发展、人际问题、工作-家庭冲突、组织政治,除此以外,工作回报的不公平、角色冲突、宏观的行业和社会环境也给从业者带来了较大的压力,并且引起3类人员产生压力的因素存在一定差异。最后,对未来可能进行的研究进行了展望。     

The effect of different delineator post configurations on driver speed in night-time traffic: A driving simulator study

The aim of the study was to investigate how different delineator post configurations affect driver speed in night-time traffic. In addition, the potential speed effect of introducing a secondary task was investigated. The study was carried out in a car simulator on a road stretch including straight road sections as well as curves with different radii. Fourteen drivers participated in the study and the results show that absence of delineator posts leads to reduced speed. However, provided that there are delineator posts continuously present along the road, the overall driver speed is basically the same, regardless of the spacing between the delineator posts. The results also imply that to reduce driver speed in curves with small radius, using more compact spacing of posts in these curves as compared to in curves with a larger radius, could be a potential strategy. Additionally, the speed reducing effect of a secondary task was only prevailing where the task was initiated.     

From Heroes to Scoundrels: Exploring the effects of online campaigns celebrating frontline workers on COVID-19 outcomes

This paper examines the effects of online campaigns celebrating frontline workers on COVID-19 outcomes regarding new cases, deaths, and vaccinations, using the United Kingdom as a case study. We implement text and sentiment analysis on Twitter data and feed the result into random regression forests and cointegration analysis. Our combined machine learning and econometric approach shows very weak effects of both the volume and the sentiment of Twitter discussions on new cases, deaths, and vaccinations. On the other hand, established relationships (such as between stringency measures and cases/deaths and between vaccinations and deaths) are confirmed. On the contrary, we find adverse lagged effects from negative sentiment to vaccinations and from new cases to negative sentiment posts. As we assess the knowledge acquired from the COVID-19 crisis, our findings can be used by policy makers, particularly in public health, and prepare for the next pandemic.     

A technique for dielectric measurement of cylindrical objects in arectangular waveguide

In this paper, the inverse scattering problem of a homogeneous dielectric post in a rectangular waveguide is considered. A novel inversion algorithm, based on the method of moments and eigen analysis, for computation of the dielectric constant of the post (ϵ) from the measured voltage reflection coefficient is introduced. In this method the integral equation for the polarization current induced in the dielectric post is cast into a matrix equation, and then the contribution of ϵ to the resulting reflection coefficient is expressed explicitly using the eigen analysis. It is shown that the dielectric constant can be obtained from the solution of a complex polynomial function which in turn can be obtained numerically using the conjugate gradient method. Practical aspects of dielectric measurement using this technique are discussed. The HP-8510 network analyzer is used to measure the reflection coefficient of dielectric posts in an X-band waveguide sample holder. Metallic and known dielectric posts are used to determine the accuracy of the dielectric measurement technique     

Design and implementation of a substrate integrated waveguide phase shifter

The design and implementation of a phase shifter based on the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technique operating at 10 GHz are presented. The proposed phase shifter consists of a SIW section with two inserted metallic posts. The phase shifting in this configuration is achieved by changing the diameter and the position of these posts. Numerical simulations have been carried out for different diameters and positions, which have shown good agreement with the theory. A parametric study was also conducted to assess the impact of errors made on the diameter and position of the two metallic posts. To prove the concept, prototypes were fabricated and measured. Experimental results agree well with simulations and SII was better than -14 dB, S21 better than -1.08 dB and the phase error was less than 1.5deg.     

Different quantitative measures of the impact of injury deaths on the community in the Guangxi Province, China

BACKGROUND: Injury has been identified as a major health problem in China. Different quantitative measures based on the concept of years of potential life lost have been derived for assessing the burden of injury and other diseases. However, few studies have been conducted to compare the usefulness of these measures in terms of providing practical information. This study aims to examine the utility of different measures in assessing the impact of injury to Chinese society. METHODS: This is a population-based epidemiological study utilising surveillance and fielded-gathered data. Data are obtained from the disease surveillance information system and record on each death certificate. The mortality rates, years of potential life lost (YPLL), potentially years of productive life lost (PYPLL), and the valued years of potential life lost (VYPLL) are calculated and compared for deaths due to injury and other major diseases. Data on different causes of injury were analysed in the same manner. RESULTS: In comparison to other causes of death, injury deaths had the highest annual rates of YPLL (1265.1 years/100,000 persons), PYPLL (517.8 years/100,000 persons), and VYPLL (378.6 years/100,000 persons). Premature deaths due to injury provided the only positively valued VYPLL among all major causes of death. Among the injury deaths, motor vehicle traffic-related death caused the largest YPLL (13,274 years), PYPLL (5461 years), and VYPLL (3064 years). CONCLUSION: In considering the burden of deaths to society, mortality rate only is an insufficient measure. The age, the years of overall life and expected productivity and related economic consequences have to be taken into consideration. As an indicator of the economic impact and burden of premature deaths to society, the VYPLL seems to be an advantageous utility. Injury posts the greatest public health problem to the developing economy of China.